URINARY EXCRETION OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE AND OESTROGENS BY THE BOAR

1965 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
James I. Raeside
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Daily Variation ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Daily Injection ◽  
Steroid Biosynthesis ◽  
Steroid Production ◽  
Urinary Steroids ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACT The urinary excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), oestrone (OE1) and 17β-oestradiol (OE2) has been estimated during the administration of a number of hormones to an intact mature male pig. Daily intramuscular injections of corticotrophin (300 IU) or cortisone acetate (500 mg) resulted in a decrease in the levels of OE1, OE2 and DHA. Following the daily injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin (2500 IU) the excretion of all three steroids increased greatly. The daily oral administration of 30 mg Norlutin acetate (17α-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone acetate) appeared to be more effective than 30 mg Norlutin (17α-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone) in suppressing steroid production by the boar. Considerable daily variation occurred in the amounts of OE1, OE2 and DHA excreted in the urine during »control« periods, and some evidence of a seasonal variation in levels of urinary steroids was observed. Throughout the investigation a high degree of correlation existed between the urinary excretion of DHA and both oestrogens. It was concluded that the data provide strong support for the view that the large quantities of DHA in the urine of the normal boar arise from steroid biosynthesis in the testes.

DIE ÖSTROGEN- UND PREGNANDIOLAUSSCHEIDUNG BEI HCG-PSEUDOGRAVIDITÄTEN UND NACHFOLGENDEN NORMALEN FRÜHGRAVIDITÄTEN

1971 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kaiser ◽  
W. Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Steroid Production ◽  
Twofold Increase

ABSTRACT The urinary excretion of oestradiol. oestrone, oestriol and pregnanediol was determined in three women during HCG-induced pseudopregnancies and during normal early pregnancies in two of these cases. Until the last day of HCG injection, i. e. the 22nd day after ovulation in both the normal pregnancies and the pseudopregnancies, the excretion of these steroids was nearly identical. Compared with the corpus luteum period of the cycle the increase of oestrogens was about 150% and of pregnanediol about 100%. A further twofold increase of oestrogens in normal pregnancies was noticed within the fourth week after ovulation, and this augmentation was referred to the additional steroid production of the trophoblast. Nevertheless the relation oestradiol:oestrone:oestriol remains the same until the 34th day after ovulation. In the same time, the excretion of pregnanediol in normal pregnancies increased very slowly and did not exceed the highest values of HCG pseudopregnancies.

CORTICOSTEROIDS AND ANTIDIURETIC SUBSTANCE IN NEPHROTIC CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-252
Author(s):  
ENRIQUE GALÁN ◽  
MANUEL PÉREZ-STABLE ◽  
ORLANDO GARCÍA FAEZ ◽  
EMILIO UNANUE ◽  
OTTO GARCÍA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Renal Hemodynamics ◽  
Tubular Function ◽  
Urinary Flow ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Functional Disturbance ◽  
Urinary Steroids ◽  
Nephrotic Children

The role of tubular reabsorption in the pathogenesis of nephrotic edema led the authors to study the participation of antidiuretic hormone and adrenal steroids in regard to changes in renal hemodynamics and tubular function during different clinical events that may induce an increase or a decrease of urinary flow in nephrotic children. Formaldehydogenic steroids in urine, plasma and ascitic fluid and serum antidiuretic substance were simultaneously studied with clearance tests, electrolyte excretion and plasma constituents through 10 different periods of observations. From previous and present studies on renal function it was found that changes in renal hemodynamics and tubular transport mechanisms are responsible for variations in urinary flow leading to accumulation or disappearance of edema in the nephrotic syndrome. An increase in urinary flow was seen to occur with no change in the GFR but with a marked decrease in the U/P inulin and potassium ratio. Serum antidiuretic substance appeared to correlate closely with antidiuresis. Injection of nephrotic sera into peritoneal cavity of rats was followed by an antidiuretic effect similar to that produced by pitressin and posterior pituitary hormone. Antidiuretic factor seemed to be present in the globulin fraction of plasma proteins. No such effect was seen with intraperitoneal injections of plasma albumin, protein-free filtrate and ascitic fluid. An increase in titer of antidiuretic substance was observed during initial doses of ACTH and the reverse at the onset of diuretic response. Urinary excretion of formaldehydogenic steroids depended partly on diuresis in nephrotic children; this was not so in control cases. The influence of tubular function was suggested by the relationship found between urinary excretion of steroids and the V/Cin and V/Cth ratio and between clearance of steroids and diuresis. The influence of renal functional disturbance prevented a correct evaluation of adrenal activity by estimation of urinary steroids in nephrotic children. During the edematous-oliguric stage of nephrosis and in the absence of any stimulating or depressing effect upon the elaboration of adrenal steroids their urinary excretion was not significantly different from that seen in control cases. Formaldehydogenic steroids did not seem to have a direct role in producing variations of urine flow in nephrotic children. Increase and decrease in diuresis occurred simultaneously with an increase and a decrease in urinary and plasma steroids and vice versa. Formaldehydogenic material was found in variable amounts in the ascitic fluid suggesting an appreciable retention in the increased extracellular fluid during the oliguricedematous stage of the nephrotic syndrome. This material appears to be mostly true adrenal steroids. Potassium excretion was related to urinary steroids in nephrotic children but not in control cases. Potassium clearance was related to glomerular filtration in both control and nephrotic children. At the present time it remains a matter of some speculation of the role that steroids present in extracellular fluids may play in the physiologic and morphologic changes known to occur in the course of the nephrotic syndrome and experimentally reproduced by injection of DOCA to animals.

THALLIUM POISONING

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1170-1182
Author(s):  
Philip H. Chamberlain ◽  
William B. Stavinoha ◽  
Helen Davis ◽  
William T. Kniker ◽  
Theodore C. Panos
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Neurologic Symptoms ◽  
Thallium Poisoning ◽  
High Degree

Fourteen children with thallium poisoning are described. Alopecia and neurologic symptoms dominate the clinical picture. In the absence of alopecia, the diagnosis depends upon a high degree of suspicion in regard to any child presenting bizarre neurologic complaints with acute onset. The best means of confirming a diagnosis of thallotoxicosis is by finding thallium in the urine. Dithizon appeared to be beneficial treatment in five of six severely ill patients. Further cautious trials of this drug are indicated. On the basis of the few patients studied, it appears that increased urinary excretion of thallium is not correlated with urine volume, clinical improvement or the use of dithizon.

INTERRELATION BETWEEN HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN INHIBITORY ACTIVITY IN PLASMA AND URINE AND THE RATE OF URINARY GONADOTROPHIN EXCRETION

1965 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. YAMASHITA ◽  
JANET C. HILLMAN ◽  
M. REISS
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Urinary Excretion Rate ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Pineal Extracts

SUMMARY The interrelation of urinary and plasma human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) inhibitors and the urinary excretion rate of gonadotrophin was studied in ten physically and mentally retarded young males. It was found that the HCG-inhibitory principles had no effect when assayed against the boys' own urinary gonadotrophins. The excretion rate of urinary gonadotrophin was found to be independent of the presence of urinary or plasma HCG-inhibitors, which in turn were not related to the boys' physical development. Certain similarities between the properties of the plasma and urinary HCG-inhibitor and deproteinized pineal extracts are discussed.

STEROID EXCRETION IN IDIOPATHIC HIRSUTISM

1962 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. H. T. JAMES ◽  
W. S. PEART ◽  
S. D. ILES
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Urinary Steroids ◽  
Idiopathic Hirsutism ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Steroid Excretion

SUMMARY The excretion of urinary steroids and their response to corticotrophin has been studied in a group of patients with idiopathic hirsutism. The mean resting levels of 17-oxosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids were higher, and the response to corticotrophin was greater, in the patients as compared to control subjects. Fractionation of 17-oxosteroids in eight patients showed an elevated or abnormally high excretion of steroid metabolites which were presumably being derived from androgen. This appeared to be associated with an adequate production of cortisol, as judged from urinary excretion studies.

ROUTINE DETERMINATIONS OF 17-KETOSTEROIDS AND PORTER-SILBER CHROMOGENS COMPARED WITH THE CHROMATOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENT OF GROUPED AND INDIVIDUAL STEROIDS

1964 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Ernest ◽  
Britt Håkansson ◽  
Jörgen Lehmann ◽  
Björn Sjögren
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Routine Method ◽  
Urinary Steroids ◽  
Urinary Content ◽  
Chromatographic Measurement

ABSTRACT The accuracy of two routine methods for the determination of urinary steroids – 17-ketosteroids (17-KS) and Porter-Silber chromogens – has been investigated by chromatographic separation and quantitative determination of individual 17-KS and Porter-Silber reacting steroids in 141 urine samples. For this purpose urine was submitted to enzyme hydrolysis and subsequent solvolysis. The pertinent steroids were separated by column chromatography into three groups, 11-deoxy-17-KS, 11-oxy-17-KS and Porter-Silber reacting steroids. The final separation was accomplished by paper chromatography. As a mean, the urinary excretion of true 17-KS corresponded to about 40–50 per cent of the routine figures. Due to non specific chromogens, individual routine figures were completely unreliable and probably had no more significance than showing a difference between a high and a low urinary content of 17-KS A true figure, however, was never higher than that indicated by the routine method. The routine method for determination of Porter-Silber chromogens also overestimated the urinary content of steroids, the true excretion of Porter-Silber steroids being, on an average, about 25 % lower. Again, the significance of individual determinations was low. The determination of 17-KS and Porter-Silber steroids by column chromatography was found to be rather simple and reliable as only minor amounts of unspecific chromogens were included in the results. Moreover with this method, the 17-KS were separated into 11-deoxy-17-KS and 11-oxy-17-KS.

Effects of prolactin on steroid production by human luteal cells in vitro

1983 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. S. Tan ◽  
J. S. G. Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Steroid Production ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Progesterone Production

The effects of prolactin on steroidogenesis were studied in dispersed luteal cells prepared from human corpora lutea of the menstrual cycle. Prolactin, at concentrations of 0·1–1000 ng/ml, had no effect on progesterone production by luteal cells during short-term incubation (3 h). However, in two out of five corpora lutea, higher concentrations of prolactin (100 and 1000 ng/ml) significantly reduced the oestradiol-17β production induced by human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG; 10 i.u./ml); lower doses of prolactin had little effect. In the remaining corpora lutea, prolactin failed to affect either basal or hCG-induced production of oestradiol-17β. These results are discussed in relation to the mechanism by which prolactin influences human ovarian function.

Elliptically Polarized Natural Modes in Pulsar Magnetospheres

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle C. Allen ◽  
D.B. Melrose
Keyword(s):  
Circular Polarization ◽  
Linear Polarization ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Position Angle ◽  
Average Degree ◽  
Pole Model ◽  
Magnetic Pole ◽  
Pulse Profile ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
High Degree

The most obvious feature of the polarization of the radio emission from most pulsars is the rotation of the plane of linear polarization across pulses. The original interpretation of this in terms of the magnetic pole model (Radhakrishnan 1969, Radhakrishnan et al. 1969, Radhakrishnan and Cooke 1969) accounts for the variation of position angle extremely well for some pulsars (e.g. Manchester and Taylor 1977, Manchester 1978). Conversely, this provides strong support for the magnetic pole model for pulsar emission. It also suggests that the emission is basically linearly polarized as implied by virtually all proposed emission mechanisms, e.g. the reviews by Ginzburg and Zheleznyakov (1975) and Arons (1979). However, there are two features of the polarization which require a separate explanation. First, some pulsars have a moderately high degree of circular polarization, even in the integrated pulse profile (Manchester 1971, Lyne, Smith and Graham 1971). In some pulsars the average degree of circular polarization can exceed the average degree of linear polarization, e.g. in PSR 0835-41 and 0959-54 (McCulloch et al. 1978). Second, some pulsars exhibit the phenomenon of transitions between orthogonal elliptical polarizations (Manchester, Taylor and Huguenin 1975, Backer, Rankin and Campbell 1976, Cordes and Hankins 1977, Cordes, Rankin and Backer 1978). In many pulsars the orthogonal polarizations have substantial circular components, e.g. in PSR 1133 + 16 (Manchester et al. 1975) and PSR 2020 + 28 (Cordes et al. 1978).

GROSS SOLIDS IN SEWER SYSTEMS: TEMPORAL AND CATCHMENT BASED RELATIONSHIPS

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jefferies ◽  
R. M. Ashley
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Daily Variation ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Observation Point ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Predictive Methods ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Degree

The behaviour of gross and visible solids was studied at two combined sewer overflow sites using the WRc Gross Solids Sampler. At one of the sites the daily variation of gross solids during dry weather was determined. There was found to be close correspondence between the variations of gross and suspended solids in the sewage. A relationship was developed between the load of gross solids and that of suspended solids at the observation point in dry weather. This relationship is presented for use with other predictive methods. A chart is presented which differentiates with a high degree of reliability the gross solids production of two different types of catchments, one being a collector sewer catchment, the other being a trunk. The rate of gross solids production has been found to be a critical factor in differentiating between the catchments. A consistent and further differentiation in the accumulation of gross solids is presented on the basis of antecedent dry period, greater than 24h allowing considerably greater accumulations than shorter dry periods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document