THE EFFECT OF CERTAIN METALLIC CATIONS ON THE IODIDE UPTAKE IN THE THYROID GLAND OF MICE

1964 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Anbar ◽  
M. Inbar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Iodide Uptake ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Metallic Cations

ABSTRACT Ferric, cupric, mercuric, zinc, cadmium and nickel ions at the dose level of 0.1 millimole per kg body weight were found to decrease the uptake of iodine in the thyroid gland. Manganous ions exhibited a similar effect when the dose was doubled. A parallel decrease in the BF4− uptake could be demonstrated; this suggests an interference at the stage of iodide accumulation. Cobaltous, cobaltic, magnesium, beryllium and zirconium ions were shown to have no effect on iodine uptake at the same dose level. The mechanism of the effect is discussed.

The effect of a single injection of estradiol benzoate on thyroid function in intact male rats

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Brown-Grant
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Federation Proc

The changes observed in the metabolism of radioiodide and radiophosphorus by the thyroid gland of intact adult male rats following a single injection of estradiol benzoate (4 μg/100 g body weight) are consistent with the suggestion (F. Labrie, G. Pelletier, and C. Fortier. Federation Proc. 26, 484 (1967). Abstr.) that at this dose level estrogen causes a hypersecretion of TSH in such animals.

CORRELATION OF IODIDE TRANSPORT WITH Na+, K+ -ATPase, HCO−3-ATPase AND CARBONIC ANHYDRASE ACTIVITIES IN DIFFERENT FUNCTIONAL STATES OF THE RAT THYROID GLAND

1982 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-Y. CHOW ◽  
J. W. KEMP ◽  
D. M. WOODBURY
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Cell Water ◽  
Iodide Uptake ◽  
G Cell ◽  
Functional States ◽  
Rat Thyroid ◽  
Rat Thyroid Gland

The effects of thyrotrophin, hypophysectomy, and chronic treatment with thyroxine and methimazole on radioiodide uptake (thyroid/plasma (T/P) 125I− ratio), protein and DNA contents and activities of Na+,K+ -ATPase, HCO−3-ATPase, and carbonic anhydrase (CA) of rat thyroid gland were evaluated. Thyrotrophin given to intact rats slightly increased thyroid iodide uptake, did not affect protein or DNA content, and slightly inhibited CA activity (units/g cell water). Hypophysectomy markedly decreased T/P 125I− ratio, increased protein content, decreased activity of Na+,K+-ATPase, and slightly increased HCO−3-ATPase (nmol/mg DNA per min) and CA (units/g cell water) activities. Thyro-trophin given to hypophysectomized rats (as compared with untreated hypophysectomized control animals) markedly increased T/P 125I− ratio, slightly decreased protein content and decreased Na+,K+-ATPase and CA activities. Chronic treatment with methimazole increased T/P 125I− ratio, decreased protein content, markedly increased Na+,K+-ATPase and HCO−3-ATPase activities, and decreased CA activity. Chronic treatment with thyroxine, in contrast, decreased T/P 125I− ratio, decreased Na+,K+-ATPase activity, and increased CA activity. There was a significant inverse correlation between T/P 125I− ratio and CA activity in follicular cells for the various induced functional states of the thyroid.

scholarly journals Changes in the thyroid gland during the reproductive cycle of the male vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi

1998 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KRISHNA ◽  
K. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Seasonal Change ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Winter Dormancy ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Low Concentration

The aim of present study was to compare the changes in thyroid gland with the reproductive cycle of S. heathi. Thyroid showed marked seasonal variation in weight, quantity of colloid and follicular epithelial height, suggesting the thyroid gland to be inactive during quiescence and winter dormancy and active during the time of recrudescence and breeding similarly to the testicular cycle. Plasma thyroxin (T4) concentration showed a significant seasonal change with high concentration during breeding and post-breeding and low concentration during quiescence. However, the T4 concentration increased from breeding to post-breeding phase, when the testes weight was declining. It is suggested that in S. heathi the positive correlation between thyroid and testicular cycles occurs only during the phases of the reproductive cycle when the body weight and testicular activity are also closely correlated.

Hypothermia in the Rat, Hamster, Ground Squirrel and Pigeon Following Chlorpromazine

1958 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hoffman ◽  
M. X. Zarrow
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Dose Levels

Body temperature changes induced by two dose levels of chlorpromazine HCl were compared in the rat, hamster, ground squirrel and pigeon. In addition, the effect of cold exposure was determined in the hamster. All three mammalian species showed a rapid decline in temperature by the first 2 hours following the injection of 10 mg/kg body weight of chlorpromazine, after which a gradual return toward normal was evident. However, a further decrease in body temperature occurred at the higher dose level of chlorpromazine (100 mg/kg body weight) and the degree of hypothermia varied with the species. The hamster appeared to be the most resistant to this compound while the ground squirrel was the least resistant. The female of the three mammalian species was less susceptible than the male. The combination of cold exposure and chlorpromazine in the hamster produced a decline in body temperature that was greater than that produced by either stressor alone. Again a sex difference was noted. The pigeon failed to respond to the drug in any degree comparable to that seen in the mammals. This was thought to be due to the lack of effect on respiration, an important thermoregulatory mechanism in the bird.

STUDIES OF IODINE METABOLISM IN ICELAND

1964 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Alexander ◽  
Th. Veiger Gudmundsson ◽  
M. M. Bluhm ◽  
R. McG. Harden
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
High Iodine ◽  
Iodine Level ◽  
Iodine Metabolism ◽  
Inorganic Iodine

ABSTRACT The relation between plasma inorganic iodine level, thyroid clearance and absolute iodine uptake of the thyroid gland has been studied in Iceland and compared with results obtained in Glasgow using identical methods. In Iceland the plasma inorganic iodine (PII) is higher than in Glasgow due to the high iodine content of the diet and the thyroid clearance lower. This adjustment is, however, incomplete, relatively high PII levels being associated with a low thyroid clearance and a raised absolute uptake by the thyroid. There was no evidence of increased hormone production as reflected in the serum PBI.

ASSAY OF THYROTROPHIN BY THE ACCUMULATION OF RADIOACTIVE IODINE IN THE THYROID OF THE INTACT RAT

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Stephenson ◽  
W. P. McKinley ◽  
P. J. Kavanagii
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dosage Group ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Response Line ◽  
Dose Levels

The ability of the thyroid gland of intact weanling rats to collect injected radioactive iodine was diminished by inclusion of a small amount of iodinated casein in the diet. The administration of exogenous thyrotrophin increased the thyroidal uptake of I131 in rats treated in this manner. Both the degree of inhibition of the thyroid and the ability of the animals to differentiate between dosage levels of thyrotrophin were dependent upon the amount of iodinated casein in the diet. Graded doses of thyrotrophin provided a linear log dose –response line over the range 0.01 to 0.08 U.S.P. units. The response approached a maximum value at dose levels above 0.16 U.S.P. units. The thyroid gland of the female weanling rat retained, on the average, significantly more radioactive iodine than that of the male weanling rat when stimulated by thyrotrophin. Although the hormonal response was not correlated with the body weight of the rats within dosage groups, more precise assays were obtained by equalizing the total weight of the rats in each dosage group before the assay. Relatively large doses of I131 appeared to have an adverse effect on the precision of the assay but did not influence the response to thyrotrophin.

THE EFFECT OF THYROID ADMINISTRATION ON THE PANCREATIC AMYLASE ACTIVITY OF HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AND INTACT RATS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1373-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelaine O. Maykut ◽  
Margaret T. Nishikawara ◽  
R. E. Haist
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Pancreatic Amylase ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Marked Atrophy ◽  
Intact Rats

The administration of desiccated thyroid gland to hypophysectomized rats prevented the marked atrophy of the pancreas which was consistently observed following hypophysectomy. Thyroid feeding at two dose levels led to a significant increase in the pancreatic amylase activity of hypophysectomized rats. This held whether the results were expressed as total activity or were given as activity per unit of body weight, per unit of pancreas, or per mg nitrogen. Except for the activity per unit of body weight, the amylase activity of the thyroid-treated hypophysectomized rats was significantly lower than the amylase activity in untreated, intact controls. In the thyroid-fed, hypophysectomized rats the amylase activity per unit of body weight was not significantly different from that of intact, untreated controls.Thyroid administration in intact rats resulted in a decrease in the pancreatic amylase activity.

ASSAY OF THYROTROPHIN BY THE ACCUMULATION OF RADIOACTIVE IODINE IN THE THYROID OF THE INTACT RAT

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-255
Author(s):  
N. R. Stephenson ◽  
W. P. McKinley ◽  
P. J. Kavanagii
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dosage Group ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Response Line ◽  
Dose Levels

The ability of the thyroid gland of intact weanling rats to collect injected radioactive iodine was diminished by inclusion of a small amount of iodinated casein in the diet. The administration of exogenous thyrotrophin increased the thyroidal uptake of I131 in rats treated in this manner. Both the degree of inhibition of the thyroid and the ability of the animals to differentiate between dosage levels of thyrotrophin were dependent upon the amount of iodinated casein in the diet. Graded doses of thyrotrophin provided a linear log dose –response line over the range 0.01 to 0.08 U.S.P. units. The response approached a maximum value at dose levels above 0.16 U.S.P. units. The thyroid gland of the female weanling rat retained, on the average, significantly more radioactive iodine than that of the male weanling rat when stimulated by thyrotrophin. Although the hormonal response was not correlated with the body weight of the rats within dosage groups, more precise assays were obtained by equalizing the total weight of the rats in each dosage group before the assay. Relatively large doses of I131 appeared to have an adverse effect on the precision of the assay but did not influence the response to thyrotrophin.

Treatment of schistosomiasis by seeds of lagenaria siceraria and its comparison with allopathic drugs in Buffaloes

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Niaz ◽  
Tanveer Akhter ◽  
Naser M. AbdEl-Salam ◽  
Sultan Ayaz ◽  
Sumaira Shams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Initial Dose ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Dose Intensity ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Group B ◽  
Bovine Schistosomiasis

A number of antihelmintic drugs are reported for treatment of bovine Schistosomiasis. Side effects observed for most of these drugs. The seeds of Lagenaria siceraria were utilized as an alternative for the treatment of Schistosomiasis in buffaloes. It is divided in three groups Group A1 to group A3. A dose of 75, 150 and 225 mg/kg of body weight are given to Group A1 to group A3 respectively. Their effectiveness was weighed against that of Praziquantel at dose intensity of ten mg per Kg of body weight placed as group-B. Effectiveness of “Praziquantel” was found to be hundred per cent after initial dose level. Second dose of the herbal medicines reach up to this mark. The percentage of effectiveness of “Proziquantel” compared with 75mg/kg dose level showed a considerable difference (P

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