AMINO ACID FORMATION FROM GLUCOSE IN THE ISOLATED ADRENOCORTICAL AND THYROID TISSUE OF THE RABBIT

1963 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Hammar ◽  
Bo Hellman ◽  
Stig Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Acid Formation ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT Quantitative paper-radiochromatography was used for measuring the amino acid formation from uniformly labelled 14C-glucose in slices from the isolated adrenal cortex and the thyroid. In both these organs glucose was utilized in the synthesis of the following amino acids: alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, arginine, proline, glycine and isoleucine/leucine. Distinct differences were noted in the rate of formation of the individual amino acids; the value for alanine being no less than 5 times higher in the thyroid than in the adrenocortical tissue. While TSH had no effect on the conversion of glucose in the thyroid, there was a tendency for a lower amino acid (glutamine) formation, when the adrenal cortex was incubated with ACTH.

Studies on reproduction in prolific ewes:8. The concentrations and rates of accretion of amino acids in the foetuses

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Robinson ◽  
I. McDonald ◽  
D. S. Brown ◽  
C. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Foetal Life ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
The Individual

SUMMARYData are presented for the amino acid contents of 64 litters of Suffolk × (Finnish Landrace × Dorset Horn) foetuses varying in gestational age from 90 to 145 days and in litter size from one to five. The concentrations of glycine, cystine, arginine, proline and hydroxyproline in foetal dry matter increased with age, those for threonine, serine, glutamic acid, valine and methionine remained fairly constant while those for aspartic acid, phenylalanine, histidine and lysine tended to decrease. The most pronounced of these age effects were for cystine and hydroxyproline which increased in concentrations by 60 and 100% respectively over the final 2 months of foetal life. The rates of accretion of the individual amino acids are discussed in relation to estimates of the amounts that may be supplied by microbial protein.

USE OF GLUTAMIC ACID-U-C14 TO DETERMINE NUTRITIONALLY ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS FOR LARVAE OF THE BLOW FLY, PHORMIA REGINA

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1229-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kasting ◽  
A. J. McGinnis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Phormia Regina ◽  
Blow Fly ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

The production of C14O2 by third-instar larvae of the blow fly, Phormia regina Meig., after it was injected with glutamic acid-U-C14, indicates that this substrate was metabolized under these conditions. However, the nutritionally essential amino acids lysine, phenylalanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, and threonine, isolated from the injected larvae, contained little radioactivity. A low level of radioactivity in arginine, histidine, and methionine suggests that they were slowly synthesized. The nutritionally non-essential amino acids alanine, serine, aspartic acid, and proline contained large quantities of radioactivity; tyrosine and glycine were exceptions. These results, in agreement with earlier work that used glucose-U-C14, show that radioactivity data are useful for determining certain of the nutritionally essential amino acids.

scholarly journals The effect of Cladophora glomerata exudates on the amino acid composition of Cladophora fracta and Rhizoclonium sp.

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Pikosz ◽  
Joanna Czerwik-Marcinkowska ◽  
Beata Messyasz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Chemical Stress ◽  
Cladophora Glomerata ◽  
Adaptation To Stress ◽  
Filamentous Green Algae

AbstractFilamentous green algae (FGA) frequently forms dense mats which can be either mono- or polyspecies. While various defense mechanisms of competition in algae are known, little is known about the interactions between different species of FGA. An experiment in controlled laboratory conditions was conducted to gather data on the changes in amino acids (AA) concentrations in FGA species in the presence of exudates from different other species. The aim of the present study was to identify the AA whose concentrations showed significant changes and to assess if the changes could be adaptation to stress conditions. The major constituents of the AA pool in Cladophora glomerata, C. fracta and Rhizoclonium sp. were Glutamic acid (Glu), Aspartic acid (Asp) and Leucine (Leu). In response to chemical stress, that is the increasing presence of exudates, a significant increase in the concentrations Proline (Pro) and Tryptophan (Trp) was noted. The increase in Proline levels was observed in C. fracta and Rhizoclonium in response to chemical stress induced by C. glomerata exudates. As the concentration of exudates increased in the medium, there was a progressive shift in the pattern of AA group in FGA.

Free Amino Acids in Human Tonsillar Tissue

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Doi ◽  
Akikatsu Kataura
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Amino Butyric Acid ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Abstract Free amino acids in the tonsils of 20 individuals were measured column chromatographically. Those always found in readily detectable amounts included O-phosphoserine, taurine, O-phosphoethanolamine, aspartic acid, hydroxyproline, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, α-amino-n-butyric acid, valine, cystine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, ornithine, γ-amino-butyric acid, lysine, histidine, and arginine. Results were compared for three clinical pathological groups and for four age groups. Some abnormal values may result from the pathological conditions.

USE OF GLUTAMIC ACID-U-C14 TO DETERMINE NUTRITIONALLY ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS FOR LARVAE OF THE BLOW FLY, PHORMIA REGINA

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1229-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kasting ◽  
A. J. McGinnis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Phormia Regina ◽  
Blow Fly ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

The production of C14O2 by third-instar larvae of the blow fly, Phormia regina Meig., after it was injected with glutamic acid-U-C14, indicates that this substrate was metabolized under these conditions. However, the nutritionally essential amino acids lysine, phenylalanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, and threonine, isolated from the injected larvae, contained little radioactivity. A low level of radioactivity in arginine, histidine, and methionine suggests that they were slowly synthesized. The nutritionally non-essential amino acids alanine, serine, aspartic acid, and proline contained large quantities of radioactivity; tyrosine and glycine were exceptions. These results, in agreement with earlier work that used glucose-U-C14, show that radioactivity data are useful for determining certain of the nutritionally essential amino acids.

Amino Acid Requirements for the Wheat Stem Sawfly Determined with Glucose-U-C14 after Vacuum-infiltration

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 1133-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kasting ◽  
A. J. McGinnis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Vacuum Infiltration ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Radioactive Substrate

AbstractGlucose-U-C14 was incorporated into immature larvae of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Nort., by vacuum-infiltration. These insects were too small to be conveniently injected and could not be easily fed on artificial diets. About half of them survived the infiltration treatment. C14O2 was produced by the organism showing that the radioactive substrate was metabolized. Of the amino acids isolated from the larvae, proline, alanine, glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid, and glycine contained relatively large quantities of carbon-14 indicating biosynthesis, and are classed as nutritionally non-essential. In contrast, arginine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine contained little, if any, radioactivity and are classed as nutritionally essential. The concentrations of some of the amino acids in the larval tissues are also presented.

Amino acid activity in the Nelson–Somogyi glucose assay

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1479-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh K. Upadhyaya ◽  
David W. Konesky
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Manganese Ions ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Glucose Assay ◽  
Color Development

The Nelson–Somogyi assay has been widely used to measure reducing sugars in plant research. We found that the L-amino acids cysteine, cystine, serine, tryptophan, and tyrosine (at 0.1 to 1 mM) react in the Nelson–Somogyi glucose assay, yielding high absorbance values. Alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, hydoxyproline, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, threonine, and valine showed little or no effect on color development. Manganese ions strongly inhibited color development in the presence of glucose, serine, cystine, and tryptophan. Investigators measuring glucose in biological materials using this assay must consider the activity of amino acids and (or) the effect of manganese ions in the reaction mixture when interpreting their results. Key words: Nelson–Somogyi assay, sugar analysis, glucose assay, reducing sugar assay.

scholarly journals Apparent amino acid absorption from feather meal by chicks

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Bielorai ◽  
Z. Harduf ◽  
B. Iosif ◽  
Eugenia Alumot
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Magnesium Ferrite ◽  
Feather Meal ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Lower Ileum

1. The apparent absorption values of individual amino acids from two samples of feather meal (FM) were determined in the lower ileum of chicks fed on diets containing magnesium ferrite as a marker.2. The average absorption values for FM amino acids were low, approximately 0.50, as compared with approximately 0.85 for soya bean, used as a control. Values for individual amino acids from FM differed distinctly, ranging from 0.20 to 0.70. Low values were obtained for aspartic acid, histidine, lysine, glutamic acid and cystine.3. An indication of the low absorption of the previously-mentioned amino acids was obtained by analysing the amino acid composition of the FM residues undigested by pepsin or pancreatin.4. The reasons for testing the apparent rather than the true absorption are discussed.

scholarly journals Determination of qualitative composition and quantitative content of amino acids in garlic bulbs and leaves

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Fedosov ◽  
V. S. Kyslychenko ◽  
O. M. Novosel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Amino Acids

Introduction. Plant amino acids have an important impact on functioning of various systems and organs of human body. In addition, they possess a wide range of pharmacotherapeutic properties, improve the digestion and potentiate the activity of biologically active compounds present in plants. Thus, the search of plant species that contain a large complex of plant amino acids and are used as food is of current interest. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) from Alliaceae family is one of such plants, and has been used since ancient times for the treatment of various disorders.The aim of the study – to determine the composition and quantitative content of free and bound amino acids of garlic bulbs and leaves.Research methods. The amino acid composition was determined using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method.Results and Discussion. 16 amino acids were detected in garlic bulbs as a result of the experiment. Arginine (3.04 %) and proline (1.56 %) were found to be accumulated infree state, while glutamic acid (10.59 %), aspartic acid (6.06 %) and arginine (5.94 %) prevailed in bound state. 15 free and 16 bound amino acids were identified and quantified in garlic leaves. Glutamic acid (2.11 %), leucine (1.79 %), valine (1.77 %), isoleucine (1.52 %), treonine and phenylalanine (1.44 %) dominated infree state, and glutamic acid (28.49 %), aspartic acid (12.90 %) and leucine (7.61 %) prevailed in bound state. Methionine was found only in bound state in garlic leaves.Conclusions. The amino acid composition of garlic bulbs and leaves was studied using the HPLC method. 16 amino acids in both free and bound state were detected and their content was determined in garlic bulbs, while in garlic leaves – 15 free and 16 bound amino acids. The results of the experiment showed that methionine is present only in bound state in garlic leaves.

SEPARATION OF THE PROTEIN CONSTITUENTS OF THE LARVAL DIETS OF THE HONEYBEE BY CONTINUOUS PAPER ELECTROPHORESIS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 957-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. J. Habowsky ◽  
R. W. Shuel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Paper Electrophoresis ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns

The protein constituents of the larval diets of queen and worker honeybees were separated by continuous paper electrophoresis. The electrophoretic patterns of royal jelly of any age and the early worker diet were similar and comprised five ninhydrin-reactive bands or fractions. Fraction 1 (nearest the cathode) contained lysine as a free amino acid. Fractions 3 and 4 appeared to be complex polypeptides. Alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine and/or leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, tyrosine, valine, and an unidentified substance were found in chromatograms of the acid hydrolyzate of fraction 3; the hydrolyzate of fraction 4 contained the same amino acids except for threonine. Fractions 2 and 5 were not characterized. Electrophoresis of the diet of worker larvae older than 3 days showed a pronounced fading of all bands, attributable to the dilution of the solids by the addition of honey which occurs at this time. There appeared to be no qualitative differences between the protein fractions of royal jelly and worker diet which would account for the differentiation of female honeybees into queens and workers. The decrease with age in the percentage of protein in the worker diet may be significant.

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