THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE OVARY OF THE RAT

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Eckstein
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Developing Rat

ABSTRACT The response of ovarian weight, uterine weight, and enzyme activity of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) to chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and serum gonadotrophin (PMS) treatment at various ages of the developing rat were compared. The greatest response was found at the age of about 30 days. While the uterine weight increases to the same extent as a result of HCG and PMS treatment at all ages examined, the ovarian weight increase and the enzyme activity of SDH are different for these two gonadotrophins. The possible reasons for the maximal reactivity at the age of 30 days are discussed.

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HUMAN URINARY FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Petrusz ◽  
C. Robyn ◽  
E. Diczfalusy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Female Mice

ABSTRACT The biological effects of human follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) preparations were studied in intact immature female mice and in hypophysectomized immature female and male rats, following the complete neutralization of the luteinizing hormone (LH) content of human urinary menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) preparations having – prior to neutralization – FSH:LH ratios ranging between 1.0 and 500.0. Neutralization of LH was achieved by the addition of rabbit anti-human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) sera of known anti-LH potency. The amount of anti-LH employed was 1.5 to 730 times more than that required for 100% neutralization. In intact immature female mice, such »LH-free« FSH preparations induced an increased ovarian weight, follicle stimulation, as well as a uterine weight increase. In immature hypophysectomized female rats, »LH-free« FSH preparations induced ovarian weight increase, growth and maturation of the Graafian follicles without repair of the deficient interstitial cells and without any signs of luteinization. These ovarian changes were associated with an increase in uterine weight and with vaginal cornification. In view of these data, it is concluded that human urinary FSH per se is capable of inducing oestrogen synthesis in hypophysectomized female rats. In immature hypophysectomized male rats, »LH-free« FSH preparations induced testicular enlargement without any stimulation of the testicular interstitial cells and without any growth of the ventral prostate and seminal vesicles. The same effects were obtained following a prolonged administration (3 weeks); spermiogenesis was stimulated, but no mature spermatozoa were found.

AUGMENTATION OF THE RAT UTERINE WEIGHT RESPONSE TO HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN BY VARIOUS STEROIDS

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Hipkin
Keyword(s):  
Dose Level ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion

ABSTRACT Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) augments the activity of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in the rat by increasing endogenous pituitary gonadotrophin secretion. The following experiments were undertaken to investigate the mechanism underlying this effect. Androstenedione (40 μg), dihydrotestosterone (200 μg) and testosterone (200 μg) augmented the rat uterine weight response to 0.5 IU of HCG. At these doses, the steroids did not affect basal uterine weight although this was increased when 1 mg of a steroid was injected. Androsterone (1 mg), 17α-hydroxypregnenolone (1 mg) and progesterone (200 μg) neither augmented HCG activity nor increased basal uterine weight. Ovarian weight differences were not significant in any of the experiments. Androstenedione, DHA, dihydrotestosterone and testosterone (200 μg dose level) did not significantly affect the uterine weight of castrated animals, and responses to 0.04 μg of oestradiol were not potentiated. The results with androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone and testosterone are identical to those obtained with DHA and suggest that these steroids may also increase pituitary gonadotrophin secretion.

THE ASSAY OF GONADOTROPHIN FROM URINE OF NON-PREGNANT HUMAN SUBJECTS

1955 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY Two convenient bioassays of urinary gonadotrophins, using immature mice, are described. The first is based upon the initial doubling of uterine weight. The second, using the ovarian weight response, attempts to increase specificity to follicle stimulating hormone by priming with human chorionic gonadotrophin. The usefulness of both methods is discussed, and the influence of non-specific impurities during the assay of urinary extracts is stressed.

UTERO-OVARIAN INTERRELATIONSHIPS IN PREPUBERAL AND GONADOTROPHS TREATED GILTS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. SHAW ◽  
B. E. McDONALD ◽  
R. D. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Uterine Wall ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Uterine Growth

Reproductive tracts from 66 prepuberal, 45 cycling and 59 gonadotrophin-treated prepuberal gilts were examined and measured to determine the effect of puberty and gonadotrophin treatment on utero-ovarian interrelationships. Occurrence of the first ovulation resulted in significant (P < 0.05) increases in uterine weight and length but not in uterine wall thickness. This change was observed after both the first spontaneous ovulation and ovulation induced by injecting 1000 IU or 2000 IU of pregnant mare’s serum (PMS) followed 48 hours later by an injection of 500 IU of human chorionic gonadotrophin. Increasing the dose of PMS from 1000 IU to 2000 IU had no effect on uterine growth. Within untreated puberal females, ovarian weight was positively (P < 0.01) correlated with uterine horn weight, length and wall thickness, whereas within prepuberal females only uterine wall thickness was correlated (P < 0.01) with ovarian weight. Seven (41%) of the 17 gilts induced to ovulate at 55 kg and slaughtered at 90 kg were cycling when slaughtered, while none of the control females were cycling. Effects of the gonadotrophin treatment on tract development in prepuberal gilts were not apparent after the first spontaneous ovulation.

ANTIOESTROGENIC ACTIVITY IN FAHLI CLOVER HAY AND OAT HAY

1965 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Trifolium Alexandrinum ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Fodder Plants

ABSTRACT The presence of oestrogen inhibitory activity in oat hay (Avena sativa) and Fahli clover hay (Trifolium alexandrinum var. Fahli) has been established. The antioestrogenic effect was demonstrated by the inhibition of uterine weight increase in rats (Astwood test) in response to oestradiol injected together with the above mentioned plant extracts. The extraction procedures are described in detail and the possible biological implications of antioestrogenic and oestrogenic activity in fodder plants is discussed.

AUGMENTATION BY CHLORMADINONE OF THE UTERINE WEIGHT RESPONSE TO HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN INTACT IMMATURE RATS

1965 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-454
Author(s):  
M. J. K. HARPER
Keyword(s):  
Single Injection ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Orally Active ◽  
Stimulation Of

SUMMARY Administration of chlormadinone, an orally active progestational agent without significant oestrogenic activity, to intact immature female rats did not affect either ovarian or uterine weight significantly compared with controls. A single injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) caused a 73 % increase in uterine weight in 24 hr. over the control value. This dose significantly increased ovarian weight and although it caused some stimulation of follicular development, ovulation during this time did not occur. When animals were treated with chlormadinone for 8 days, and received HCG on the 8th day, uterine weight was 170% greater than in the controls and 56% greater than with HCG alone. The uterine weight produced was similar to that found in animals treated with mestranol, a potent oestrogen, and HCG. In ovariectomized animals HCG did not affect uterine weight, while the small increase produced by chlormadinone was unaltered when HCG also was given. Mechanisms are discussed by which this augmentation of the uterine response to HCG might be produced. It seems most likely that chlormadinone administration causes storage of endogenous gonadotrophin in the pituitary, and that the exogenous gonadotrophin acts as the 'trigger' for the release of stored hormone, probably by a direct action on the hypothalamus.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF INFECTION WITH M. TUBERCULOSIS AND OF TUBERCULIN SHOCK ON THE SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY OF GUINEA PIG TISSUES

1953 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Chaudhuri ◽  
Samuel P. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Tissue Extract ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
H37rv Strain ◽  
Sublethal Doses

The kidney of guinea pigs infected with the H37Rv and BCG strains of M. tuberculosis showed a diminution in succinic dehydrogenase activity when measured by the tetrazolium technique. This effect was also seen in the liver and spleen of animals infected with the BCG strain. Sensitized animals showed similar results when given tuberculin in sublethal doses. The succinic oxidase was also low in the kidneys of animals infected with the H37Rv strain. The depressed enzyme activity of the tissues of infected animals could be restored to normal by addition of normal tissue extract or dialysate. This suggests that the alteration in tissue metabolism observed in tuberculosis may depend upon the loss of some as yet unidentified factor important for succinic dehydrogenase activity.

THE EFFECTS OF FEEDING COUMESTROL ON THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF PREPUBERTAL LAMBS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. NEWSOME ◽  
W. D. KITTS
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Endometrial Cell ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Relative Binding

Coumestrol and estradiol were fed to prepubertal ewe lambs for 12 days. The level of coumestrol fed relative to estradiol was estimated from the relative binding affinities of the uterine cytosol estrogen receptors to be the biologically effective amount. The effects of coumestrol treatment were increased uterine weight and decreased ovarian weight and follicular development. There was a relationship between uterine weight and exchanged tritiated estradiol bound to the endometrial cell nuclear pellet.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE ASSAY OF HUMAN URINARY FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE BY THE AUGMENTATION TEST IN MICE

1966 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. BROWN ◽  
M. WELLS
Keyword(s):  
No Value ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
C3h Mice ◽  
C57bl Mice ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY The follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) content of urinary gonadotrophic extracts was assayed by its effect on the ovarian weight of immature mice when given in conjunction with 40 i.u. human chorionic gonadotrophin. About three-quarters of all routine assays gave values of λ between 0·15 and 0·30. Precision was slightly increased when the material was given in three rather than in five injections. Correction of ovarian weight for body weight was either invalid or of no value in reducing variance. Removal of between-litter variance increased precision considerably. Mice of three randomly bred colonies were all satisfactory, and inbred C57BL mice were also suitable for the assay. C3H mice were less sensitive. The efficiency of different methods of extracting FSH from urine was examined. The method of Johnsen (1958) using precipitation with tannic acid was considered the most satisfactory and gave extracts of high potency and low bulk. Limited experiments in which purified human pituitary FSH was assayed with and without added luteinizing hormone, gave results compatible with the assumption that the method is specific for FSH.

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