Influence of nifedipine on cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity after unilateral nephrectomy in the spontaneously hypertensive rat

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. McNally ◽  
F. Baker ◽  
N. Mistry ◽  
J. Walls ◽  
J. Feehally
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Denervation ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive

1. Nifedipine ameliorates cyclosporin A-induced renal impairment in surgically intact (two-kidney) rats. This study investigates the effect of nifedipine on cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity in spontaneously hypertensive rats after either uninephrectomy or uninephrectomy with contralateral renal denervation. 2. Fourteen days after uninephrectomy pair-fed rats were injected for 14 days with cyclosporin A (25 mg/kg body weight) via the subcutaneous route and with nifedipine (0.1 mg/kg body weight) via the intraperitoneal route. Renal and systemic haemodynamics were measured in conscious unrestrained rats. 3. Whole-blood levels of cyclosporin A did not differ between groups (overall 352 ± 22 ng/ml, means ± sem). After uninephrectomy, cyclosporin A decreased the glomerular filtration rate (olive oil versus cyclosporin A: 0.96 ± 0.04 versus 0.70 ± 0.06 ml min−1 100 g body weight, P < 0.02) and effective renal plasma flow (1.94 ± 0.10 versus 1.38 ± 0.13, P < 0.01), and increased renal vascular resistance {(20.2 ± 1.8) × 104 versus (31.6 ± 3.3) × 104 kPa l−1 s [(20.2 ± 1.8) × 103 versus (31.6 ± 3.3) × 103 dyn s cm−5], P < 0.02} and mean arterial pressure (146.7 ± 6.7 versus 167.3 ± 2.9 mmHg, P < 0.05). Neither renal denervation nor nifedipine prevented the reduction in glomerular filtration rate or effective renal plasma flow induced by cyclosporin A. 4. This study infers that the sympathetic nervous system does not play an active role in cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity and demonstrates that the concomitant administration of nifedipine to rats with reduced renal mass does not ameliorate cyclosporin A-induced renal impairment.

Effects of High- and Low-Osmolar Contrast Media on Renal Plasma Flow and Glomerular Filtration Rate in Euvolaemic and Dehydrated Rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nygren ◽  
H. R. Ulfendahl ◽  
A. Fasching
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow

The effects of a slow intravenous injection of contrast media (CM) on renal function and haemodynamics were investigated in euvolaemic and dehydrated rats. Iodine-equivalent doses (1600 mg I/kg body weight) of ioxithalamate, ioxaglate, iopamidol and iohexol were used. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) were assessed with clearance techniques. In euvolaemic rats no statistically significant decrease in GFR or RPF was found after CM injections. In the dehydrated rats the changes in GFR were more pronounced and this was significantly decreased in the ioxithalamate and iopamidol groups while RPF was still not decreased. This study indicates that dehydration potentiates adverse effects of CM on GFR and that there may be differences between the effects of low-osmolar and high-osmolar CM on GFR and also between different low-osmolar CM.

Renal Effects of Amino Acids and Dopamine in Renal Transplant Recipients Treated with or without Cyclosporin A

1996 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Melchior Hansen ◽  
Niels Vidiendal Olsen ◽  
Paul Peter Leyssac
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients

1. The nephrotoxic effects of cyclosporin A may diminish the ability of the transplanted kidney to increase the glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow during infusion of dopamine or amino acids. 2. The present study included 16 renal transplant recipients transplanted for more than 6 months. Eight of the patients were on immunosuppressive treatment including cyclosporin A [cyclosporin A group; cyclosporin A dose, 2.7 ± 0.4 mg/kg; S-creatinine, 105 ± 12 μmol/l (means ± SEM)], whereas eight patients had never received cyclosporin A (non-cyclosporin A group; S-creatinine, 89 ± 6 μmol/l). The renal response to infusion of dopamine and of amino acids was investigated on two separate days. All clearance measurements were carried out at nadir cyclosporin A blood levels. 3. Effective renal plasma flow increased significantly in the non-cyclosporin A group and cyclosporin A group by 31.0 ± 4.1% and 35.9 ± 6.6%, respectively, during infusion of dopamine, and by 18.7 ± 6.7% and 13.9 ± 5.3%, respectively, during infusion of amino acids. Glomerular filtration rate increased significantly in the non-cyclosporin A group and cyclosporin A group by 15.7 ± 3.3% and 18.3 ± 4.7%, respectively, during infusion of dopamine, and by 18.9 ± 4.5% and 15.0 ± 3.7%, respectively, during infusion of amino acids. 4. Furthermore, the amino acid- and dopamine-induced increases in proximal tubular outflow (renal clearance of lithium) and calculated changes in renal proximal and distal tubular handling of sodium (and water) were comparable between the two groups of patients. Dopamine caused significant natriuresis in both groups. 5. In conclusion, low-dose cyclosporin A seems not to attenuate the renal haemodynamic and tubular response to infusions of amino acids and of dopamine in renal transplant recipients with a good graft function.

Prostaglandin blockade impairs denervation diuresis and natriuresis in the rat

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (5) ◽  
pp. F895-F900
Author(s):  
J. D. Barber ◽  
W. W. Harrington ◽  
N. G. Moss ◽  
C. W. Gottschalk
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Denervation ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Effective Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Inhibition Of Prostaglandin Synthesis

Acute unilateral renal denervation of control rats produced an ipsilateral diuresis (5.5 +/- 0.8 to 10.0 +/- 1.0 microliter/min, P less than 0.01) and natriuresis (579 +/- 202 to 2,668 +/- 225 neq/min, P less than 0.01) without a significant change in glomerular filtration rate or effective renal plasma flow. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis with indomethacin or meclofenamate (4 mg/kg iv) after acute unilateral denervation eliminated the diuresis (13.3 +/- 1.6 to 5.0 +/- 0.9 microliter/min, P less than 0.01) and attenuated the natriuresis (3,098 +/- 462 to 1,097 +/- 163 neq/min, P less than 0.01). Denervation diuresis and natriuresis were significantly impaired to the same extent when denervation was performed after inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis (3.2 +/- 0.3 to 4.9 +/- 0.4 microliter/min, NS; and 490 +/- 154 to 1,036 +/- 274 neq/min, P less than 0.05 vs. control, respectively). These results indicate that the natriuresis and diuresis seen after acute unilateral denervation in anesthetized rats are highly dependent upon prostaglandins and cannot be initiated or maintained when prostaglandin synthesis is impaired by indomethacin or meclofenamate.

Clinical Renal Function Testing by External Double Isotope Monitoring Technique

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
J. Fog Pedersen ◽  
M. Fog Pedersen ◽  
Paul Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Effective Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

SummaryAn accurate catheter-free technique for clinical determination simultaneouslyof glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow by means of radioisotopes has been developed. The renal function is estimated by the amount of radioisotopes necessary to maintain a constant concentration in the patient’s blood. The infusion pumps are steered by a feedback system, the pumps being automatically turned on when the radiation measured over the patient’s head falls below a certain preset level and turned off when this level is again readied. 131I-iodopyracet was used for the estimation of effective renal plasma flow and125I-iothalamate estimation of the glomerular filtration rate. These clearances were compared to the conventional bladder clearances and good correlation was found between these two clearance methods (correlation coefficients 0.97 and.90 respectively). The advantages and disadvantages of this new clearance technique are discussed.

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