scholarly journals Lički i sjevernodalmatinski prostor u kontekstu suvremene regionalizacije Hrvatske

Geoadria ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Damir Magaš
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Regional System ◽  
Adriatic Coast ◽  
Sea Ports ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Nature Parks ◽  
Venetian Republic ◽  
Coastal Front ◽  
Plitvice Lakes

The modern county system in the Republic of Croatia, and the strategic motorway network linking the Croatian regions, particularly the central and southern parts of the Adriatic coast via the Lika area, have defined new functional links in the central part of Adriatic Croatia. In contrast to reversions to previous divisions and demarcations in the Croatian area made by the Ottoman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy and Venetian Republic, the late 20th and early 21st centuries have seen renewed processes in the transport, economic and functional connectivity of modern Lika and North Dalmatia, which are similar to those in Antiquity and periods when the original nucleus of the Croatian state was affirmed. The construction of the motorway within the Adriatic-Ionian corridor, the focus on the nearest coastal frontage with an airport and sea ports, linking tourist complexes in the chain Novalja / Karlobag – Nin – Zadar – Biograd – Vodice – Šibenik – Primošten – Rogoznica with the Plitvice Lakes tourist complex, and a greater number of national and nature parks, have encouraged new, improved connectivity through direct, easily perceptible sociogeographic processes. This has been helped by relatively simple, spontaneous permeation in trade, transport, banking, administration, education, the judiciary, security, etc., which in spite of individual, political or inherited solutions and local issues prompted by groups with different or overlapping interests, has facilitated appropriate, effective, modern-day and essential integration towards a gravitationally unique, functional regional complex. The significance of existing, established centres of gravity, among which Zadar is prominent as an old developmental hub and node on the Croatian Adriatic coastal front, is of prime importance, particularly in a period of demographic recession, not only for small, rural centres, but also larger urban ones, this regional complex, and Croatia as a whole. Scientific, multidisciplinary recognition of modern processes in development, and spatial determinants in selecting a modern regional system in the Republic of Croatia, are also linked to the modern administrative-territorial, i.e. inherited, traditional county system. It is equally desirable to align these with EU NUTS regionalisation (particularly the NUTS-3 level), which is a challenging, but undeferrable task, for the purpose of the equitable distribution of basic goods, and balanced, decentralised, high quality development in Lika and North Dalmatia and Croatia as a whole in the future.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ЕDUCATION IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE XVI TH CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Holbek Davronov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Education System ◽  
Unity Of Language ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

This article discusses the education system and its important aspects, which were the basis for the development of the Ottoman Empire, which reached its peak of development in the XVI th century. There is also evidenceof the extensive attention paid to the field by sultans and other officials, as well as credible sources on its results. The article emphasizes that relations between independent Uzbekistan and the Republic of Turkey have always been in the spirit of friendship and solidarity, the proximity of the two peoples is associated not only with ethnicity, but also with the unity of language and religion, the historical unity of cultures.Index Terms: “Sibyan” schools, “dorut-talim”, “Darul-ibn”, “khalfa”, “Pusar”, Vaqfiya, “mudarris”, “mufid”, “donishmand”, “suhte”, Dor-al hadis, Dor al -kurra, Dor-at-tib

The Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Tax Reforms and Revenue System

1975 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanford J. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Tax Structure ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Radical Transformation

One of the most significant, but unstudied, aspects of the reforms accomplished in the Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth century under the leadership of the Tanzimat statesmen and of Sultan Abd ul-Hamid II was a radical transformation of the traditional Ottoman tax structure and the introduction of the system that has remained in force, with relatively few changes, to the present day, at least in the Republic of Turkey.

The End of the Ottoman Empire, 2017. Color, 104 min. In English, French, and German with English and German subtitles. Director: Mathilde Damoise. Distributor: Icarus Films, http://icarusfilms.com/if-otto.

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-177
Author(s):  
Didem Havlioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Europe Today ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

Since the 1950s, historiographical trends in scholarship have re-considered the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and the subsequent nation-state building of the Republic of Turkey. The social and political evolution of the imperial system into a nation-state has been alternatively explained through geopolitical pressures, domestic resistance, the expanding economy and modernism in Europe, and the inability of the Ottoman establishment to cope with the rapid changes of the nineteenth century. Constructing one holistic narrative of a vast time period of upheaval is a difficult endeavor for any scholar. In the case of the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the rise of the Republic of Turkey, ethno-religious networks, two world wars, geopolitical competition between the great powers, regional and pan-regional insurgencies, demographic displacement, nationalist fervor sweeping through the Balkan and Arab provinces and into Anatolia, and finally the Kurdish armed resistance renders succinct historical narratives all but impossible to achieve. Thus, while there are many stories of the end of the Ottoman Empire, an overview of the issues for students and general audiences is a much needed, but audacious, undertaking. Yet for understanding the Middle East and Southeastern Europe today, a critical narrative must be told in all its complexity.

scholarly journals 1918 and the Habsburg Monarchy as Reflected in Slovak Historiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-229
Author(s):  
Júlia Čížová ◽  
Roman Holec
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Social History ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
New Generation

With regard to the “long” nineteenth-century history of the Habsburg monarchy, the new generation of post-1989 historians have strengthened research into social history, the history of previously unstudied social classes, the church, nobility, bourgeoisie, and environmental history, as well as the politics of memory.The Czechoslovak centenary increased historians’ interest in the year 1918 and the constitutional changes in the Central European region. It involved the culmination of previous revisitations of the World War I years, which also benefited from gaining a 100-year perspective. The Habsburg monarchy, whose agony and downfall accompanied the entire period of war (1914–1918), was not left behind because the year 1918 marked a significant milestone in Slovak history. Exceptional media attention and the completion of numerous research projects have recently helped make the final years of the monarchy and the related topics essential ones.Remarkably, with regard to the demise of the monarchy, Slovak historiography has focused not on “great” and international history, but primarily on regional history and its elites; on the fates of “ordinary” people living on the periphery, on life stories, and socio-historical aspects. The recognition of regional events that occurred in the final months of the monarchy and the first months of the republic is the greatest contribution of recent historical research. Another contribution of the extensive research related to the year 1918 is a number of editions of sources compiled primarily from the resources of regional archives. The result of such partial approaches is the knowledge that the year 1918 did not represent the discontinuity that was formerly assumed. On the contrary, there is evidence of surprising continuity in the positions of professionals such as generals, officers, professors, judges, and even senior old regime officers within the new establishment. In recent years, Slovak historiography has also managed to produce several pieces of work concerned with historical memory in relation to the final years of the monarchy.

scholarly journals LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL SITUATION IN AGRICULTURE OF THE VIROVITICA COUNTY AND THE CITY OF OSIJEK IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 18TH CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Daniel Haman ◽  
◽  
Darko Iljkić ◽  
Ivana Varga
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
New Era ◽  
Regional Administration ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Laws And Regulations

The Treaty of Karlowitz signed in 1699 concluded the rule of the Ottoman Empire in most parts of Central and Eastern Europe. Liberation of Osijek in 1687, and consequently of whole Slavonia in 1699 brought a new era of freedom and prosperity to its citizens. At least for a short time, since the Habsburg Monarchy re-established their rule over the country by bringing feudal laws and regulations back into force. Austrian empress and Hungarian-Croatian Queen Maria Theresa united Slavonia with Croatia, and re-established the counties of Virovitica, Požega and Syrmia, meaning that the regional administration of Slavonia was completely relinquished to the civil authorities.

scholarly journals Venetian Hosts and Ottoman Guests in the Venedik Sarayı in Constantinople (c. 1670-1681)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pia Pedani
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Religious Festivals ◽  
The Republic

After the end of the Cretan war (1645-1669) and before the starting of the Morean war (1684-1699) Venetian diplomats settled again in Constantinople and in the Venetian Palace (Venedik Sarayı) that had been the embassy of the Republic for centuries. In this period baili and extraordinary ambassadors (ambasciatori straordinari) used to celebrate Venetian or Ottoman civic and religious festivals with dinners and parties. Their guests were above all other European diplomats and middle-ranking Ottoman officials. Some Turks, above all those who lived in the neighbourhood, contributed to the organisation of such events with their gifts and, in exchange, they received money or other presents. This paper aims to study the circulation of objects and commodities between Europe and the Ottoman Empire and, in particular, which kind of items were exchanged before or during official dinners held in the Venetian Palace or in the Venetian summer houses in Arnavutköy and Balta Liman. The Turks brought or sent mostly vegetables, flowers and different kind of food, while Venetians used to give to their guests not only the famous Venetian cloths but also unusual objects such as ivory boxes, gloves, brushes, glass sculptures, mirrors, fans, fake flowers and so on. The sources used for this research are the accounting books of the Venetian embassy for the years 1670-83.

Harvest of Briars

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-158
Author(s):  
A. Wess Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Third Phase

This chapter examines the competition with the Ottoman Empire and Russia, from the reconquest of Hungary to Joseph II’s final Turkish war. On its southern and eastern frontiers, the Habsburg Monarchy contended with two large land empires: a decaying Ottoman Empire, and a rising Russia determined to extend its influence on the Black Sea littorals and Balkan Peninsula. In balancing these forces, Austria faced two interrelated dangers: the possibility of Russia filling Ottoman power vacuums that Austria itself could not fill, and the potential for crises here, if improperly managed, to fetter Austria’s options for handling graver threats in the west. In dealing with these challenges, Austria deployed a range of tools over the course of the eighteenth century. In the first phase (1690s–1730s), it deployed mobile field armies to alleviate Turkish pressure on the Habsburg heartland before the arrival of significant Russian influence. In the second phase (1740s–70s), Austria used appeasement and militarized borders to ensure quiet in the south while focusing on the life-or-death struggles with Frederick the Great. In the third phase (1770s–90s), it used alliances of restraint to check and keep pace with Russian expansion, and recruit its help in comanaging problems to the north. Together, these techniques provided for a slow but largely effective recessional, in which the House of Austria used cost-effective methods to manage Turkish decline and avoid collisions that would have complicated its more important western struggles.

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