scholarly journals Patterns of biomass allocation between foliage and woody structure: the effects of tree size and specific functional traits

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvanus Mensah ◽  
Romain Glèlè Kakaï ◽  
Thomas Seifert
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Tree Size

Traits associated with nutrient impoverishment and shade-tolerance in tree juveniles of three Bornean rain forests with contrasting nutrient availability

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Aoyagi ◽  
Kanehiro Kitayama
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Shade Tolerance ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Site Factor ◽  
Dipterocarp Forests ◽  
Nutrient Impoverishment

Abstract:In this study, we tested the hypothesis that functional traits associated with nutrient impoverishment contribute to enhancing shade-tolerance (survival at low light) for the juveniles of canopy tree species in Bornean rain forests. To test the hypothesis, survival and functional traits (biomass allocation, leaf dynamics and foliar nutrient concentration) were investigated as a function of light conditions for saplings of 13 species in three forests with different levels of nutrient availability. As predicted by the hypothesis, the species in the severely nutrient-poor site (a tropical heath forest on nutrient-poor soils) showed greater shade-tolerance (>91% survival for 8 mo at 5% global site factor) than in the other two sites (mixed dipterocarp forests) (54–87% survival). Across the species, greater shade-tolerance was associated with a higher biomass allocation to roots, a slower leaf production and a higher foliar C concentration, which are considered as C-conservation traits under nutrient impoverishment. These results suggest that the juveniles of the canopy species occurring on nutrient-poor soils can enhance shade-tolerance by the same mechanisms as the adaptation to nutrient impoverishments. Tree species in nutrient-poor environments may be selected for surviving also in shaded conditions.

scholarly journals Elevated air humidity affects hydraulic traits and tree size but not biomass allocation in young silver birches (Betula pendula)

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Sellin ◽  
Katrin Rosenvald ◽  
Eele Õunapuu-Pikas ◽  
Arvo Tullus ◽  
Ivika Ostonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Air Humidity

scholarly journals Biomass Allocation into Woody Parts and Foliage in Young Common Aspen (Populus tremula L.)—Trees and a Stand-Level Study in the Western Carpathians

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohdan Konôpka ◽  
Jozef Pajtík ◽  
Vladimír Šebeň ◽  
Peter Surový ◽  
Katarína Merganičová
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Biomass Models ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Independent Variable

Our research of common aspen (Populus tremula L.) focused on the forested mountainous area in central Slovakia. Forest stands (specifically 27 plots from 9 sites) with ages between 2 and 15 years were included in measurements and sampling. Whole tree biomass of aspen individuals was destructively sampled, separated into tree components (leaves, branches, stem, and roots), and then dried and weighed. Subsamples of fresh leaves from three crown parts (upper, middle, and lower) were scanned, dried, and weighed. Allometric biomass models with stem base diameter as an independent variable were derived for individual tree components. Basic foliage traits, i.e., leaf mass, leaf area, and specific leaf area, were modelled with regard to tree size and leaf position within the crown. Moreover, biomass stock of the woody parts and foliage as well as the leaf area index were modelled using mean stand diameter as an independent variable. Foliage traits changed with both tree size and crown part. Biomass models showed that foliage contribution to total tree biomass decreased with tree size. The total foliage area of a tree increased with tree size, reaching its maximum value of about 12 m2 for a tree with a diameter of 120 mm. Leaf area index increased with mean stand diameter, reaching a maximum value of 13.5 m2 m−2. Since no data for biomass allocation for common aspen had been available at either the tree or stand levels, our findings might serve for both theoretical (e.g., modelling of growth processes) and practical (forestry and agro-forestry stakeholders) purposes.

Belowground and aboveground biomass in young postfire lodgepole pine forests of contrasting tree density

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Creighton M Litton ◽  
Michael G Ryan ◽  
Daniel B Tinker ◽  
Dennis H Knight
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Coarse Root ◽  
Wide Range

As much as 40% of live biomass in coniferous forests is located belowground, yet the effect of tree density on biomass allocation is poorly understood. We developed allometric equations using traditional harvesting techniques to estimate coarse root biomass for [Formula: see text]13-year-old postfire lodgepole pine trees (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.). We then used these equations, plus estimates of fine root and aboveground biomass, to estimate total tree biomass and belowground to aboveground biomass ratios in young postfire lodgepole pine stands with a wide range of tree densities. Belowground biomass allocation increased with tree density, but the increase was largely determined by inherent differences associated with tree size, not competition. Stand biomass in trees ranged from 46 to 5529 kg·ha–1 belowground, from 176 to 9400 kg·ha–1 aboveground, and from 222 to 13 685 kg·ha–1 for total biomass. For individual trees, the ratio of belowground to total biomass declined with tree size from 0.44 at a basal diameter of 0.5 cm to 0.11 at a basal diameter of 8 cm. This shift in individual tree allocation caused the proportion of total stand biomass in belowground tissues to increase from 19% in low-density stands with larger trees to 31% in high-density stands with small trees.

Plasticity of functional traits and optimality of biomass allocation in elevational ecotypes of Arabidopsis halleri grown at different soil nutrient availabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Wei Wang ◽  
Maya Daumal ◽  
Soichiro Nagano ◽  
Naofumi Yoshida ◽  
Shin-Ichi Morinaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Arabidopsis Halleri

Plant size, environmental factors and functional traits jointly shape the stem radius growth rate in an evergreen coniferous species across ontogenetic stages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhili Liu ◽  
Kouki Hikosaka ◽  
Fengri Li ◽  
Liangjun Zhu ◽  
Guangze Jin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Ontogenetic Stages

Abstract Aims Plant size, environmental conditions and functional traits are important for plant growth; however, it is less clear which combination of these factors is the most effective for predicting tree growth across ontogenetic stages. Methods We selected 65 individuals of an evergreen coniferous species, Pinus koraiensis, with diameters at breast height (DBH) from 0.3 to 100 cm in Northeast China. For each individual, we measured the stem radius growth rate (SRGR, μm/year) for the current year, environmental factors (light, soil nutrients and water) and functional traits (leaf, branch and root traits). Important Findings SRGR increased with DBH when the DBH was lower than 58 cm, whereas it decreased with DBH when the DBH was larger than 58 cm. Structural equation modeling analysis suggested that , when the DBH was 0-15 cm, plant size had a direct negative influence on SRGR and an indirect positive influence on SRGR due to the light intensity above the plant. Plant size had direct positive and negative effects when the DBH was 16-58 cm and 59-100 cm, respectively. When the DBH was larger than 15 cm, soil parameters were more important than light intensity for SRGR. The functional traits selected for use in the best model were changed from the specific leaf area and wood density to the root nitrogen concentration with increasing tree size. In summary, plant size, environmental factors and functional traits jointly shaped tree growth, and their relative influence varied with size, suggesting that the resources limiting tree growth may change from light to soil nutrients with increasing tree size.

Global trade-offs in tree functional traits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Maynard ◽  
Lalasia Bialic-Murphy ◽  
Constantin M. Zohner ◽  
Colin Averill ◽  
Johan van den Hoogen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Plant Trait ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Structure Tree ◽  
And Function

AbstractDue to massive energetic investments in woody support structures, trees are subject to unique physiological, mechanical, and ecological pressures not experienced by herbaceous plants. When considering trait relationships across the entire plant kingdom, plant trait frameworks typically must omit traits unique to large woody species, thereby limiting our understanding of how these distinct ecological pressures shape trait relationships in trees. Here, by considering 18 functional traits—reflecting leaf economics, wood structure, tree size, reproduction, and below-ground allocation—we quantify the major axes of variation governing trait expression of trees worldwide. We show that trait variation within and across angiosperms and gymnosperms is captured by two independent processes: one reflecting tree size and competition for light, the other reflecting leaf photosynthetic capacity and nutrient economies. By exploring multidimensional relationships across clusters of traits, we further identify a representative set of seven traits which captures the majority of variation in form and function in trees: maximum tree height, stem conduit diameter, specific leaf area, seed mass, bark thickness, root depth, and wood density. Collectively, this work informs future trait-based research into the functional biogeography of trees, and contributes to our fundamental understanding of the ecological and evolutionary controls on forest biodiversity and productivity worldwide.

Ecology and biogeography in the introduction to “De bestiis marinis” by Georg Wilhelm Steller

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Stefano Mattioli
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Restricted Range ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Modern Biology

The rediscovery of the original, unedited Latin manuscript of Georg Wilhelm Steller's “De bestiis marinis” (“On marine mammals”), first published in 1751, calls for a new translation into English. The main part of the treatise contains detailed descriptions of four marine mammals, but the introduction is devoted to more general issues, including innovative speculation on morphology, ecology and biogeography, anticipating arguments and concepts of modern biology. Steller noted early that climate and food have a direct influence on body size, pelage and functional traits of mammals, potentially affecting reversible changes (phenotypic plasticity). Feeding and other behavioural habits have an impact on the geographical distribution of mammals. Species with a broad diet tend to have a wide distribution, whereas animals with a narrow diet more likely have only a restricted range. According to Steller, both sea and land then still concealed countless animals unknown to science.

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