How Music Moves Us

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander P. Demos ◽  
Roger Chaffin
Keyword(s):  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Recorded Sound ◽  
Expressive Content ◽  
Recorded Performances ◽  
Musical Communication ◽  
As If

We measured the postural sway of two trombonists as they each recorded multiple performances of two solo pieces in each of three different expressive styles (normal, expressive, non-expressive). We then measured the postural sway of 29 non-trombonist listeners as they moved their arms and body, “air-conducting” the recorded sound as if to draw out the emotion from the performance (Experiment 1), and of the two trombonists as they played along with the same recorded performances (Experiment 2). In both experiments, the velocity of listeners’ postural sway was more like that of the performer than expected by chance. Listeners entrained more to back-and-forth than to side-to-side sway in Experiment 1 and only to back-and-forth sway in Experiment 2. Entrainment was not due entirely to performer and listener both swaying to the musical pulse in the same way. Listeners in Experiment 1 rated performances as more expressive when they entrained more, suggesting that entrainment enhanced their aesthetic experience of the music. The whole body appears to contribute to unpacking the expressive content of musical communication.

TOOTH-RASHES AS DESCRIBED BY MICHAEL UNDERWOOD (1737-1820), THE FOUNDER OF MODERN PEDIATRICS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-459
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
Scarlet Fever ◽  
Erythema Nodosum ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Pediatrics ◽  
Benign Nature ◽  
Almost All ◽  
As If

I know of no contemporary pediatrician who believes that the cutting of deciduous teeth causes skin rashes. But, almost all the great figures in the history of pediatrics believed firmly that teething was associated with a riety of rashes. Michael Underwood, who more than anyone else laid the foundation of modern pediatrics, wrote about tooth-rashes as follows: A very common rash, appears chiefly in teething children, which yery much resembles the measles, and has been sometimes mistaken for it. It is preceded by sickness at the stomach, but is attended by very little fever; though the rash continues very florid for three days, like the measles, but does not dry off in the manner of that disease. . . . While the double or eye-teeth are cutting, I have noticed a rash Which at its first appearance is very similar to the above, and has likewise been mistaken for the measles. It, however, soon spreads into larger spots and patches of bright red, and afterwards of a darker hue, resembling the ill-looking petechiae which appear in bad fevers, but is, nevertheless, of a benign nature. It is, indeed, attended with some fever, arising possibly from the irritation occasioned by teething, and has been followed by small and hard round tumours on the legs, which softening in two or three days, always appear as if they would suppurate, though I believe they never do . . . [? erythema nodosum, T. E. C., Jr.] I have seen a third kind of rash, in appearance resembling the measles, and, like it, covering the whole body, but with larger intermediate patches, like the eruption in the scarlet fever. . . .

scholarly journals Magnetic behaviour of supraconducting tin spheres

1935 ◽  
Vol 151 (873) ◽  
pp. 316-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mendelssohn ◽  
J. D. Babbitt ◽  
Frederick Alexander Lindemann
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
External Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Magnetic Behaviour ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Measured Field ◽  
Lines Of Force ◽  
As If ◽  
Field Strengths

Until a year ago it was generally accepted that if a body is made supraconducting while in a magnetic field the lines of magnetic force were "frozen in," i. e ., whatever lines of force passed through the body at the time when it became supraconducting remained there afterwards, unaffected by any change in the external field, so long as the body was supraconducting. Meissner and Ochsenfeld, however, showed that this supposition was not true. They measured field strengths in the immediate neighbourhood of cylinders which had been cooled to supraconductivity in an external magnetic field, and found that the field of force was then of the same nature as that to be expected in the neighbourhood of perfectly diamagnetic bodies. Thus it appeared that when a body becomes supraconducting in a magnetic field the lines of force are all pressed out of the body, and the induction inside the body falls to zero. At the same time, however, these authors report on another experiment, the result of which appears to us not entirely in accordance with the assumption that the induction in the whole body became zero. They measured the field strengths inside and outside a hollow cylinder, after it had become supraconducting in a field perpendicular to its axis, and found again that the field strength outside was as if the cylinder were almost perfectly diamagnetic, but the field inside was appreciably the same as if the cylinder were non-supraconducting. We therefore made a number of experiments, hoping to find out more exactly the nature of the phenomenon.

Traditional Aesthetics

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Julianne Newmark
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
The Body ◽  
Southwestern United States ◽  
Community History ◽  
As If

D. H. Lawrence’s essays ‘The Spinner and the Monks’ of 1913 and ‘The Hopi Snake Dance’ of 1924 offer evocative textual considerations of aesthetic mediation through acts of the body. In these essays, readers can understand ‘traditional’ aesthetic acts to be those that are not contrivances of modernity; through such acts, history is invoked in the now, as if unchanged. This chapter identifies Lawrence’s engagements with traditional aesthetics as unique experiences of the human sensorium. The examples this chapter examines – the first from Lawrence’s earliest trip outside England (Italy), and the second from New Mexico (in the Southwestern United States) – show how Lawrence progressively experienced and then wrote about ‘traditional’ aesthetic acts as having a unique capacity to engage with community, history and truth. They thus have broad implications concerning Lawrence’s movement toward a refined articulation of aesthetic difference and viscerally mediated relationships. Lawrence’s accounts of Hopi dance and Italian handiwork reveal an openness to the viscerally-mediating capacity of aesthetic experience. As a result of his multi-sensorial engagements, Lawrence experiences and textually records ‘traditional’ aesthetic performances or outputs as both meditating and transformational.

Changes in postural sway frequency and complexity in altered sensory environments following whole body vibrations

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1238-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Clark Dickin ◽  
Matthew A. McClain ◽  
Ryan P. Hubble ◽  
Jon B. Doan ◽  
David Sessford
Keyword(s):  
Postural Sway ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Whole Body Vibrations ◽  
Sway Frequency

SCLEREMA NEONATORUM DESCRIBED FOR THE FIRST TIME IN 1784 BY DR. MICHAEL UNDERWOOD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 744-744
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Sclerema Neonatorum ◽  
First Time ◽  
Morbid State ◽  
As If

Michael Underwood (1737-1820), the most advanced writer on diseases of children in the eighteenth century, was the first physician to describe sclerema neonatorum. His description of this serious disease follows: It may be proper in this place to take notice of a peculiar tightness and hardness of the skin over almost the whole body, that sometimes attends that kind of purging when the stools are of a waxey or clayey consistence, and usually takes place in the last stage of the disease, always affording a very unfavorable prognostic. It very rarely appears, I believe, but in disorders of the bowels on which account I have not assigned it a distinct head, though otherwise of sufficient importance. This symptom, or perhaps rather disease, somewhat similar to that called hide-bound in quadmpeds has not been mentioned in this view, by any writer on the diseases of infants. The ancients indeed described a somewhat similar affection under the name of Stegnosis and Cutis adstricto, but appear always to speak of it as a complaint of adults, often occasioned by cold. Dr. Denman first took notice of it in children, and has for some years paid great attention to it. It seems to be a spasm depending upon a certain morbid state of the first passages with which the skin is known to have a peculiar sympathy which instead of lying loose and pliable on the cellular membrane, is perfectly rigid as if it adhered to the bones. Some children indeed have been born with the complaint, none of whom have been known to live.

scholarly journals Whole Body Vibration at Different Exposure Frequencies: Infrared Thermography and Physiological Effects

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anelise Sonza ◽  
Caroline C. Robinson ◽  
Matilde Achaval ◽  
Milton A. Zaro
Keyword(s):  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Cutaneous Temperature ◽  
Before And After

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of whole body vibration (WBV) on physiological parameters, cutaneous temperature, tactile sensitivity, and balance. Twenty-four healthy adults (25.3±2.6years) participated in four WBV sessions. They spent 15 minutes on a vibration platform in the vertical mode at four different frequencies (31, 35, 40, and 44 Hz) with 1 mm of amplitude. All variables were measured before and after WBV exposure. Pressure sensation in five anatomical regions and both feet was determined using Von Frey monofilaments. Postural sway was measured using a force plate. Cutaneous temperature was obtained with an infrared camera. WBV influences the discharge of the skin touch-pressure receptors, decreasing sensitivity at all measured frequencies and foot regions (P≤0.05). Regarding balance, no differences were found after 20 minutes of WBV at frequencies of 31 and 35 Hz. At 40 and 44 Hz, participants showed higher anterior-posterior center of pressure (COP) velocity and length. The cutaneous temperature of the lower limbs decreased during and 10 minutes after WBV. WBV decreases touch-pressure sensitivity at all measured frequencies 10 min after exposure. This may be related to the impaired balance at higher frequencies since these variables have a role in maintaining postural stability. Vasoconstriction might explain the decreased lower limb temperature.

scholarly journals Kinematic Validation of Postural Sway Measured by Biodex Biosway (Force Plate) and SWAY Balance (Accelerometer) Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birendra M. Dewan ◽  
C. Roger James ◽  
Neeraj A. Kumar ◽  
Steven F. Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Standing Balance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Motion Capture System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range

Background. The Biodex Biosway® Balance System and SWAY Balance® Mobile smartphone application (SBMA) are portable instruments that assess balance function with force plate and accelerometer technology, respectively. The validity of these indirect clinical measures of postural sway merits investigation. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the concurrent validity of standing postural sway measurements by using the portable Biosway and SBMA systems with kinematic measurements of the whole body Center of Mass (COM) derived from a gold-standard reference, a motion capture system. Study Design. Cross-sectional; repeated measures. Methods. Forty healthy young adults (21 female, 19 male) participated in this study. Participants performed 10 standing balance tasks that included combinations of standing on one or two legs, with eyes open or closed, on a firm surface or foam surface and voluntary rhythmic sway. Postural sway was measured simultaneously from SBMA, Biosway, and the motion capture system. The linear relationships between the measurements were analyzed. Results. Significant correlations were found between Biosway and COM velocity for both progressively challenging single and double leg stances (τb = 0.3 to 0.5, p<0.01 to <0.0001). SBMA scores and COM velocity were significantly correlated only for single leg stances (τb = −0.5 to −0.6, p<0.0001). SBMA scores had near-maximal values with zero to near-zero variance in double leg stances, indicating a ceiling effect. Conclusion. The force plate-based Biodex Biosway is valid for assessing standing postural sway for a wide range of test conditions and challenges to standing balance, whereas an accelerometer-based SWAY Balance smartphone application is valid for assessing postural sway in progressively challenging single leg stance but is not sensitive enough to detect lower-magnitude postural sway changes in progressively challenging double leg stances.

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