An Interlanguage Study of Musical Timbre Semantic Dimensions and Their Acoustic Correlates

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asterios Zacharakis ◽  
Konstantinos Pastiadis ◽  
Joshua D. Reiss
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Spectral Centroid ◽  
Linguistic Group ◽  
Acoustic Correlates ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Common ◽  
Linguistic Groups

A study of musical timbre semantics was conducted with listeners from two different linguistic groups. In two separate experiments, native Greek and English speaking participants were asked to describe 23 musical instrument tones of variable pitch using a predefined vocabulary of 30 adjectives. The common experimental protocol facilitated the investigation of the influence of language on musical timbre semantics by allowing for direct comparisons between linguistic groups. Data reduction techniques applied to the data of each group revealed three salient semantic dimensions that shared common conceptual properties between linguistic groups namely: luminance, texture, and mass. The results supported universality of timbre semantics. A correlation analysis between physical characteristics and semantic dimensions associated: i) texture with the energy distribution of harmonic partials, ii) thickness (a term related to either mass or luminance) and brilliance with inharmonicity and spectral centroid variation, and iii) F0 with mass or luminance depending on the linguistic group.

scholarly journals Ethno-linguistic Groups during an Economic Recession: Low-income Earners in the 1990s’ Finland

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 87-103
Author(s):  
Camilla Härtull ◽  
Jan Saarela
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Register Data ◽  
Educational Reforms ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Linguistic Group ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Economic Position ◽  
Linguistic Groups

Little is known about low-income earners in the Swedish-speaking community in Finland, and particularly how this ethno-linguistic group positioned itself as compared with the Finnish speakers during the severe economic recession in the 1990s. Relating to the ethno-linguistic English-speaking minority in Quebec, we set out to study whether also Swedish speakers experienced a worsening of their economic position. Using register data from 1987–1999, we find that they did not, but rather improved their relative situation as compared with the Finnish speakers, although they on average had a higher propensity for being low-income earners also after the recession. In contrast to the situation in Quebec, no unfavourable language acts or educational reforms were imposed on the Swedish speakers during the study period. We see the results as reflecting a well-functioning welfare state, in which language acts and constitutional rights have worked to protect both ethno-linguistic groups.

Catalogue reduction techniques

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 389-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chr. de Vegt
Keyword(s):  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Measuring Process ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Observational Technique ◽  
The Common ◽  
Astrometric Data

AbstractReduction techniques as applied to astrometric data material tend to split up traditionally into at least two different classes according to the observational technique used, namely transit circle observations and photographic observations. Although it is not realized fully in practice at present, the application of a blockadjustment technique for all kind of catalogue reductions is suggested. The term blockadjustment shall denote in this context the common adjustment of the principal unknowns which are the positions, proper motions and certain reduction parameters modelling the systematic properties of the observational process. Especially for old epoch catalogue data we frequently meet the situation that no independent detailed information on the telescope properties and other instrumental parameters, describing for example the measuring process, is available from special calibration observations or measurements; therefore the adjustment process should be highly self-calibrating, that means: all necessary information has to be extracted from the catalogue data themselves. Successful applications of this concept have been made already in the field of aerial photogrammetry.

scholarly journals Cultural factors that affected the spatial and temporal epidemiology of kuru

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 160789 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Whitfield ◽  
W. H. Pako ◽  
J. Collinge ◽  
M. P. Alpers
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Mortuary Practices ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Linguistic Group ◽  
Epidemiological Changes ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Linguistic Groups ◽  
Initial Pattern

Kuru is a prion disease which became epidemic among the Fore and surrounding linguistic groups in Papua New Guinea, peaking in the late 1950s. It was transmitted during the transumption (endocannibalism) of dead family members at mortuary feasts. In this study, we aimed to explain the historical spread and the changing epidemiological patterns of kuru by analysing factors that affected its transmission. We also examined what cultural group principally determined a family's behaviour during mortuary rituals. Our investigations showed that differences in mortuary practices were responsible for the initial pattern of the spread of kuru and the ultimate shape of the epidemic, and for subsequent spatio-temporal differences in the epidemiology of kuru. Before transumption stopped altogether, the South Fore continued to eat the bodies of those who had died of kuru, whereas other linguistic groups, sooner or later, stopped doing so. The linguistic group was the primary cultural group that determined behaviour but at linguistic boundaries the neighbouring group's cultural practices were often adopted. The epidemiological changes were not explained by genetic differences, but genetic studies led to an understanding of genetic susceptibility to kuru and the selection pressure imposed by kuru, and provided new insights into human history and evolution.

scholarly journals Нормативи оцінки фітомаси компонентів стовбура соснових деревостанів Північного Степу України

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
В. М. Ловинська
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
The Common ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Information Tables

Мета статті – розробити нормативи оцінки компонентів стовбура надземної фітомаси соснових деревостанів в умовах Північного Степу України. Методика дослідження. У представленій роботі використана методика збору та обробки дослідного матеріалу проф. П.І. Лакиди. Зроблено статистичну обробку, кореляційний аналіз та пошук регресійних залежностей компонентів фітомаси стовбура сосни звичайної від таксаційних показників деревостану. Результати дослідження. Сформовано робочий масив даних, який характеризує компоненти фітомаси стовбура для оцінювання біотичної продуктивності штучних соснових деревостанів. Розроблено та наведено математичні моделі оцінки фітомаси деревостанів сосни звичайної за компонентами деревини стовбура, деревини стовбура у корі, кори стовбура. Визначено, що збільшення усіх досліджуваних компонентів надземної фітомаси стовбурів відбувається зі зростанням середніх висот та діаметрів деревостанів. Елементи наукової новизни. На основі регресійних моделей побудовано нормативно-інформаційні таблиці для зони Північного Степу України. Практична значущість. Одержані системи нормативів надають можливість оцінювання екологічних та енергетичних ресурсів, а також розрахувати депонування вуглецю у штучних соснових деревостанах досліджуваного регіону. The purpose of the article is to develop the standards for evaluating the trunk components of the aboveground phytomass of pine stands in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Methods of research. The method of collecting and processing the research material, developed by Professor P.I. Lakyda, was used in the presented paper. The statistical processing, correlation analysis and the search of regression dependences of phytomass components of the common pine trunk on the taxation indices of the tree stand were made.           The research results. The working data mass has been formed concerning the results of field and laboratory researches, which characterizes the components of the trunk phytomass for assessing biotic productivity of artificial pine stands in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Correlation analysis of the relation closeness of the main phytomass components of the tree stands with their basic taxational signs was carried out. A direct close relation of the trunk phytomass components in the bark and wood without bark with the average tree diameter and the height of stands has been established. The value of correlation coefficient of the bark phytomass with all taxational indices, except the density, demonstrates the moderate relation. Mathematical models have been developed and obtained to assess ordinary pine stands’ phytomass by the components of the trunk wood, trunk wood in the bark, and bark of the trunk. It has been determined that the increase of all the studied components of the aboveground trunk phytomass occurred together with increasing the average heights and diameters of tree stands. The elements of scientific novelty. Standard and information tables have constructed on the basis of regression models for the zone of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Practical significance. The obtained systems of standards enable to evaluate ecological and power resources and calculate the carbon sequestration in artificial pine tree stands of the studied region.

scholarly journals Using a smartphone video camera to reduce anxiety in speaking activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-55
Author(s):  
Nur Asma
Keyword(s):  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
And Control ◽  
Relevant Factors

The common problems faced by students in English speaking are anxiety and the lack of confidence and ideas. This research was conducted to determine the relevant factors and to provide a solution by using the smartphone video camera. To obtain the data in this research, experimental research was performed inside and outside the classroom with a series of treatments and a questionnaire sheet as the instrument. The data were analyzed using a model proposed by Smeda, Dakich, and Sharda (2014) and a Likert scale questionnaire, which was adapted from Spratt, Humphreys, and Chan (2002). The result from the test showed a significant difference between the experimental and control classes as the carried t-test presented the score of -8.36, which was out of the limit (between -1.96 and 1.96). Another result was the students developed positively which was shown by: the anxiety tends to decrease as they were given time before performing thus prepared better, their self-confidence was increased and challenged by using the smartphone video camera method due to the application of innovation in the speaking class. The conclusion of this research is lecturer needs to apply new methods, one of which is using a smartphone application.

Restructuring Education in Montserrat and St. Kitts

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Howard A. Fergus
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Educational Programmes ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Common

One of the common threads which run through the reading and rhetoric on education in the English-speaking Caribbean over the last twelve years is the need to structurally relate the education of the region to its socioeconomic goals. The assumption that education does in fact promote socio-economic development has become highly questionable. This paper is proposing that the translation of perceived national priorities into educational programmes and the implementation of the latter are much more problematic than is usually recognized.

An Awakening for Whom?

2020 ◽  
pp. 192-210
Author(s):  
David Komline
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
School Reform ◽  
Educational Reform ◽  
Educational Change ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
The Awakening ◽  
Common School ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Way

In the 1830s, the population of Ohio was much more diverse than was that of Massachusetts. For the most part, school reformers in both states came from a white, Protestant, English-speaking majority and did little to look beyond their narrow cultural horizons when advocating educational change. In Ohio, however, groups that fell outside of this majority were larger and could more feasibly, although not always successfully, engage the debate about school reform. This chapter highlights the way three such groups, African Americans, Germans, and Catholics, interacted with the Common School Awakening, illustrating how their objections to the key assumptions of the awakening adumbrated larger weaknesses that would eventually undermine this educational reform movement.

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