““Pure”” Maple Syrup?

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
matthew holmes
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Maple Syrup ◽  
Organic Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
The U.S

This article examines the organic maple syrup industry in Canada, providing personal anecdote, a brief history of maple production and the underlying practice and philosophy of the organic movement as it applies to maple products. Often thought as inherently organic, modern, industrial maple syrup production includes a number of ways in which concerns may be raised for environment, sustainable farming practices or human health. Through interviews and research, the article presents some possible responses organic practices can make to such concerns, while also questioning whether organic maple production is everything it claims to be. The troubling and continued use of paraformaldehyde by the maple industry, though outlawed in both the U.S. and Canada, is raised, as are the accountability and inspection standards of regulatory bodies, both in conventional and organic maple production. The article concludes with the efforts at sustainability and diversity as practiced by an organic maple farm in New Brunswick and offers the author's personal views on the subject of sustainability and the merits of traditional methods of maple production.

Chicano/a Challenges to Nineteenth-Century History

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúúl A. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Imperial Expansion ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The U.S

This article explores the usefulness of Chicano/a history to teaching and representing the nineteenth-century history of northern Mexico, U.S. imperial expansion, and the constructed nature of borders. Typically considered a twentieth-century discipline, Chicano/a historians have a long history of engaging the subject in the nineteenth century. This focus dovetails with recent critical works on race and gender in the U.S. West as well as transnational approaches to history. This article makes the case that the perspective on the nineteenth century provided by Chicano/a historians forces readers to reframe their understanding of the sweep of U.S. history.

scholarly journals Me-FAS, You-FAS, We All Eat PFAS: What To Do About the Forever Chemical

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Initial Release ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Human Health Effects

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl, more commonly known as PFAS, has been found in the blood of 95% of the population. PFAS is a family of over 3,000 human-made chemicals. One chemical in the PFAS family, PFOA, is most well-known for its use in Teflon products and has been the subject of multiple litigations. While PFOA has been phased out of production in the United States due to its known negative human health effects, other PFAS that are just as harmful are now used in place of PFOA. The molecular structure of PFAS contains strong bonds that are difficult to break down through natural processes. This characteristic makes PFAS both extremely helpful to industrial processes and harmful to human health and the environment. Because of its resiliency, PFAS remain in the environment long after initial release. Its stability and endurance have led scientists to dub PFAS as “the forever chemical.” This Note explores the history of PFAS production in the United States and concludes with potential regulatory action that can be taken to limit human exposure to PFAS.

scholarly journals Theoretical Generalizations in Epidemiology: from History to the Present

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
N. I. Briko
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The article presents an analysis of theoretical generalizations in epidemiologists at all stages of its development and development. It is shown that the components that make up the content of the subject of epidemiology have evolved in the understanding of their essence, in particular, causality, the mechanism of development and epidemiological manifestations. Representations and terminology about the content and essence of the subject have changed: from the epidemic, to the epidemic process, and, finally, to the population level of organization of pathology and human health (morbidity and public health). The greatest scientific discussions and intellectual struggle of opinions passed through the whole history of science. The concepts that prevailed in the ancient world, the Middle Ages, in the 20th century and theoretical generalizations in epidemiology of the modern period are presented. Problems were revealed and directions for further research in the field of theory and practice of epidemiology were suggested.

America post-razziale? Percorsi di analisi su razza ed etnicitŕ negli Stati Uniti

2012 ◽  
pp. 123-136
Author(s):  
Nadia Venturini
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigrant Student ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Unites States ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Scholarly Attention ◽  
Post Racial America

Some interpretations of the meanings of race and ethnicity in contemporary Unites States. Since the new century the United States has witnessed a popular debate on the concept of "post-racial America". This debate has attracted scholarly attention, and has been greatly enhanced by the election as President of Barack H. Obama, a bi-racial person who also happens to be the son of an immigrant student from Africa. The article presents a synthetic review of some of the books and articles on the subject itself, as well as historical interpretations of the multiracial history of the U.S.

Teaching Field Ecology

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ehrenfeld
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Natural History ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Teaching Career ◽  
Final Exams ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Class Room

The first thing I did when I arrived at Rutgers in the late summer of 1974was to plan the courses I would teach. My principal fall course was to be based on one that I had helped teach for a few years at Barnard College: The Natural History of the New York Area. At Barnard, I had learned the subject by accompanying far more experienced colleagues—Tony Warburton, an evolutionary biologist, and Patricia Dudley, an ecologist—on their field trips. Now, in New Brunswick, I had a new teaching partner, Jim Applegate, a wildlife biologist, but I didn’t anticipate any changes. Jim listened to my plans for the course with gratifying attention and enthusiasm. He had only a few questions. “What are we going to call the course?” “‘The Natural History of the New York Area,’” I answered, “or may be ‘The Natural History of New Jersey.’ That’s what it is, isn’t it?” “Sure. But we already have our course in General Ecology, which you run. That’s mostly theoretical, indoor classroom learning. Why not call the new course ‘Field Ecology’ and design it to let students who have had General Ecology apply their knowledge to the real world? In other words, we want to teach them more than descriptive natural history—they should understand the ecological and human processes that make each place what it is.”This meant a pretty complete rethinking of the course, which I hadn’t expected to do, but I grudgingly agreed. Thus began what has be-come the most remarkable experience of my teaching career. For the first three or four years, we taught together: two different sections a week, each with the two of us and fourteen students crammed into a fifteen-passenger van for field trips that lasted from 1:00 to 6:30 P.M. From the start we decided that there would be almost no class-room teaching, just field trips, regardless of weather. And so we have witnessed the majestic silence of a white cedar swamp in the October sun-shine, have walked the springy, low-tide–bared Spartina salt marsh in torrential rain, and have given final exams on abandoned landfills during snowstorms.

scholarly journals Cryptocurrencies for the Payment of Products or Services: Risks, Accounting Practices and Regulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
David Allen ◽  
James Aselta ◽  
Russell Engel
Keyword(s):  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Securities And Exchange Commission ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Internal Revenue Service ◽  
Financial Accounting Standards Board ◽  
Internal Revenue ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
The Subject

This paper examines the risks, accounting practices and disclosures of companies who accept cryptocurrency for the payment of products or services. We provide a brief history of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology that allows the reader to deepen their understanding of the subject before moving on to a discussion of how regulatory bodies such as the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) are treating the accounting for cryptocurrency transactions. 

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

An American Language

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosina Lozano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S

An American Language is a political history of the Spanish language in the United States. The nation has always been multilingual and the Spanish language in particular has remained as an important political issue into the present. After the U.S.-Mexican War, the Spanish language became a language of politics as Spanish speakers in the U.S. Southwest used it to build territorial and state governments. In the twentieth century, Spanish became a political language where speakers and those opposed to its use clashed over what Spanish's presence in the United States meant. This book recovers this story by using evidence that includes Spanish language newspapers, letters, state and territorial session laws, and federal archives to profile the struggle and resilience of Spanish speakers who advocated for their language rights as U.S. citizens. Comparing Spanish as a language of politics and as a political language across the Southwest and noncontiguous territories provides an opportunity to measure shifts in allegiance to the nation and exposes differing forms of nationalism. Language concessions and continued use of Spanish is a measure of power. Official language recognition by federal or state officials validates Spanish speakers' claims to US citizenship. The long history of policies relating to language in the United States provides a way to measure how U.S. visions of itself have shifted due to continuous migration from Latin America. Spanish-speaking U.S. citizens are crucial arbiters of Spanish language politics and their successes have broader implications on national policy and our understanding of Americans.

History of the Study of Apocrypha in Early Medieval England

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Brandon W. Hawk
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Medieval England ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Early Judaism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Early English

Literature written in England between about 500 and 1100 CE attests to a wide range of traditions, although it is clear that Christian sources were the most influential. Biblical apocrypha feature prominently across this corpus of literature, as early English authors clearly relied on a range of extra-biblical texts and traditions related to works under the umbrella of what have been called “Old Testament Pseudepigrapha” and “New Testament/Christian Apocrypha." While scholars of pseudepigrapha and apocrypha have long trained their eyes upon literature from the first few centuries of early Judaism and early Christianity, the medieval period has much to offer. This article presents a survey of significant developments and key threads in the history of scholarship on apocrypha in early medieval England. My purpose is not to offer a comprehensive bibliography, but to highlight major studies that have focused on the transmission of specific apocrypha, contributed to knowledge about medieval uses of apocrypha, and shaped the field from the nineteenth century up to the present. Bringing together major publications on the subject presents a striking picture of the state of the field as well as future directions.

From Dust to Life

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Chambers ◽  
Jacqueline Mitton
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Extrasolar Planets ◽  
Planetary Systems ◽  
History Of Astronomy ◽  
Human Origins ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Emergence Of Life

The birth and evolution of our solar system is a tantalizing mystery that may one day provide answers to the question of human origins. This book tells the remarkable story of how the celestial objects that make up the solar system arose from common beginnings billions of years ago, and how scientists and philosophers have sought to unravel this mystery down through the centuries, piecing together the clues that enabled them to deduce the solar system's layout, its age, and the most likely way it formed. Drawing on the history of astronomy and the latest findings in astrophysics and the planetary sciences, the book offers the most up-to-date and authoritative treatment of the subject available. It examines how the evolving universe set the stage for the appearance of our Sun, and how the nebulous cloud of gas and dust that accompanied the young Sun eventually became the planets, comets, moons, and asteroids that exist today. It explores how each of the planets acquired its unique characteristics, why some are rocky and others gaseous, and why one planet in particular—our Earth—provided an almost perfect haven for the emergence of life. The book takes readers to the very frontiers of modern research, engaging with the latest controversies and debates. It reveals how ongoing discoveries of far-distant extrasolar planets and planetary systems are transforming our understanding of our own solar system's astonishing history and its possible fate.

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