Evidence for Population Bottlenecks and Subtle Genetic Structure in the Yellow Rail

The Condor ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-112 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Bottlenecks

scholarly journals Genetic structure and admixture between the Posavina and Croatian Coldblood in contrast to Lipizzan horse from Croatia

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Galov ◽  
K. Byrne ◽  
T. Gomerčić ◽  
M. Duras ◽  
H. Arbanasić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Allele Frequency Distribution ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Genetic Introgression ◽  
Population Bottlenecks ◽  
Mode Shift ◽  
Heterozygosity Excess ◽  
Distribution Mode ◽  
Distinct Genetic Group ◽  
Breeding Schemes

The Posavina and Croatian Coldblood are Croatian autochthonous horse breeds with interwoven breeding histories for which studbooks have only recently been established. The Lipizzan breed has the oldest formalized breeding and no record of recent genetic introgression from other breeds in Croatia. We analyzed the genetic structure, interbreeding, and breed characteristics by genotyping nine dinucleotide microsatellite loci for 53 Posavina, 37 Croatian Coldblood, and 33 Lipizzan horses and showed that differing breeding schemes and histories have had a strong and measurable impact on the population genetic structure within and between the three breeds. A Bayesian clustering method demonstrated that two population clusters best explain the genetic structure. Samples from the pre-defined breeds of the Posavina and Croatian Coldblood were assigned to a separate genetic cluster, while Lipizzan specimens were assigned to another distinct genetic group. Twelve samples of the Posavina/Croatian Coldblood cluster (13%) showed admixed ancestry with Lipizzan horses. A test for heterozygosity excess, allele frequency distribution mode-shift, and M-ratio test were used to detect genetic evidence of recent population bottlenecks, none of which provided evidence for bottlenecks in the Posavina and Croatian Coldblood populations. In contrast, although somewhat ambiguous, evidence suggests a genetic bottleneck in the Lipizzan population in Croatia.

scholarly journals Grape Phylloxera Genetic Structure Reveals Root–Leaf Migration within Commercial Vineyards

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Jurrian Wilmink ◽  
Michael Breuer ◽  
Astrid Forneck
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Population Bottlenecks ◽  
Grape Phylloxera ◽  
Sexual Recombination ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
Natural Infestation ◽  
Root Feeding

Depending on their life cycle, grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) leaf-feeding populations are initiated through asexually produced offspring or sexual recombination. The vine’s initial foliar larvae may originate from root-feeding phylloxera or wind-drifted foliar larvae from other habitats. Though some studies have reported phylloxera leaf-feeding in commercial vineyards, it is still unclear if they are genetically distinct from the population structure of these two sources. Using seven SSR-markers, this study analyzed the genetic structure of phylloxera populations in commercial vineyards with different natural infestation scenarios and that of single-plant insect systems that exclude infestation by wind-drifted larvae. We saw that during the vegetation period, phylloxera populations predominately go through their asexual life cycle to migrate from roots to leaves. We provided evidence that such migrations do not exclusively occur through wind-drifted foliar populations from rootstock vines in abandoned thickets, but that root populations within commercial vineyards also migrate to establish V. vinifera leaf populations. Whereas the former scenario generates foliar populations with high genotypic diversity, the latter produces population bottlenecks through founder effects or phylloxera biotype selection pressure. We finally compared these population structures with those of populations in their native habitat in North America, using four microsatellite markers.

scholarly journals Spatial genetic structure in the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) meta-population from its core range in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-92
Author(s):  
Maria Buglione ◽  
Simona Petrelli ◽  
Claudia Troiano ◽  
Tommaso Notomista ◽  
Antonio Petrella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Lutra Lutra ◽  
Population Bottlenecks ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Eurasian Otter ◽  
Ecological Corridor ◽  
Heterozygosity Excess ◽  
Landscape Genetic

Abstract We characterized the genetic structure of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) meta-population living in the core of its Italian distribution range providing results from 191 fresh spraints, collected from 24 watercourses included in Southern Italy. Furthermore, according to ecological corridors and barriers, we discuss the likely ways of movement and possible evolutionary fate of these populations. We genotyped 136 samples using 11 Lut microsatellite nuclear markers amplified from faecal dna. Microsatellites were moderately variable (Ho = 0.45; He = 0.46), with a total number of alleles and average number of alleles per locus in the meta-population of 50 and 4.54, respectively. No significant heterozygosity excess was observed in meta-population suggesting no recent population bottlenecks. Bayesian clustering discriminated a sub-structuring of the meta-population in five putative clusters, indicating that local populations are genetically differentiated: three of these seem to be identifiable with geographically defined sub-populations (from the Cilento, Agri and Basento river basins). The fourth is represented by multiple sub-populations with admixed genotype, that include genotypes from the Lao, Sinni and Abatemaco river basins, living in a landscape with the higher environmental permeability. Landscape genetic analysis could provide evidence of an unexpected ecological corridor: the seacoast, highlighted, for the first time as a new way for the dispersion of the South-Italian otters. Deepening the knowledge of these perspectives is crucial to identify solid strategies aimed at the future health of the populations of the Italian otters, by restoring dispersal corridors and managing the watercourses.

Fine-scale genetic structure in Ethiopian wolves imposed by sociality, migration, and population bottlenecks

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Randall ◽  
John P. Pollinger ◽  
Kifle Argaw ◽  
David W. Macdonald ◽  
Robert K. Wayne
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Population Bottlenecks
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