Ice-age isolation, postglacial hybridization and recent population bottlenecks shape the genetic structure of Meum athamanticum in Central Europe

Flora ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 207 (6) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Huck ◽  
Burkhard Büdel ◽  
Thomas Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Population Bottlenecks

Genetic structure of endangered species Adenophora liliifolia and footprints of postglacial recolonisation in Central Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Vaculná ◽  
Ľuboš Majeský ◽  
Tahir Ali ◽  
Alexey P. Seregin ◽  
Romana Prausová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Central Europe

Phenotypic and genotypic signature of saponin chemical composition in Chinese wild soybean (Glycine soja): revealing genetic diversity, geographical variation and dispersal history of the species

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1126
Author(s):  
Yuya Takahashi ◽  
Xiang-Hua Li ◽  
Chigen Tsukamoto ◽  
Ke-Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
The North ◽  
Or Genes

Saponin chemical composition was phenotyped and genotyped, and saponin composition-based geographical genetic diversity and differentiation were evaluated in Chinese wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.). Thirty-two phenotypes and 34 genotypes were confirmed from 3805 wild soybean accessions. Eleven phenotypes (AaαK, AaαIK, AaαIJK, AaBcEαJ, AaBcαK, AbEαIJ, AbαK, AbαIK, AbαIJK, AbβHAb and Aβ0) were newly detected. Four genes had frequencies: Sg-1a 78.8% and Sg-1b 21.0% at the Sg-1 locus; Sg-4 30.7% and Sg-6e 13.7% at their respective loci. The north-eastern and southern populations showed high genetic diversity; the Northeast region contained more novel variants (AuAe, A0, A0Bc, αH, αI αJ, αK, and AbβHAb), and the southern populations contained high frequencies of the Sg-4 gene. Gene differentiation (Fst) analysis suggested that Sg-4 and four group-α saponin alleles or genes (Sg-6e, Sg-6h, Sg-6i, Sg-6j) were important factors influencing the genetic structure and differentiation in Chinese wild soybeans. Geographical differentiation was characterised mainly by latitudinal differences, with two primary groups (north and south) based on saponin genes. Chinese wild soybean accessions differed from Japanese and South Korean ones in genetic structure based on saponin composition, the latter two being likely to have spread from southern China in the glacial stages during the last Ice Age.

scholarly journals Genetic structure and admixture between the Posavina and Croatian Coldblood in contrast to Lipizzan horse from Croatia

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Galov ◽  
K. Byrne ◽  
T. Gomerčić ◽  
M. Duras ◽  
H. Arbanasić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Allele Frequency Distribution ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Genetic Introgression ◽  
Population Bottlenecks ◽  
Mode Shift ◽  
Heterozygosity Excess ◽  
Distribution Mode ◽  
Distinct Genetic Group ◽  
Breeding Schemes

The Posavina and Croatian Coldblood are Croatian autochthonous horse breeds with interwoven breeding histories for which studbooks have only recently been established. The Lipizzan breed has the oldest formalized breeding and no record of recent genetic introgression from other breeds in Croatia. We analyzed the genetic structure, interbreeding, and breed characteristics by genotyping nine dinucleotide microsatellite loci for 53 Posavina, 37 Croatian Coldblood, and 33 Lipizzan horses and showed that differing breeding schemes and histories have had a strong and measurable impact on the population genetic structure within and between the three breeds. A Bayesian clustering method demonstrated that two population clusters best explain the genetic structure. Samples from the pre-defined breeds of the Posavina and Croatian Coldblood were assigned to a separate genetic cluster, while Lipizzan specimens were assigned to another distinct genetic group. Twelve samples of the Posavina/Croatian Coldblood cluster (13%) showed admixed ancestry with Lipizzan horses. A test for heterozygosity excess, allele frequency distribution mode-shift, and M-ratio test were used to detect genetic evidence of recent population bottlenecks, none of which provided evidence for bottlenecks in the Posavina and Croatian Coldblood populations. In contrast, although somewhat ambiguous, evidence suggests a genetic bottleneck in the Lipizzan population in Croatia.

A millennium-length temperature reconstruction for the eastern Mediterranean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Esper ◽  
Lara Klippel ◽  
Paul J. Krusic ◽  
Oliver Konter ◽  
Christoph Raible ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Temperature Reconstruction ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
Scale Temperature ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Millennial Scale

<p>The Mediterranean has been identified as particularly vulnerable to climate change, yet a high-resolution temperature reconstruction extending back into the Medieval Warm Period is still lacking. Here we present such a record from a high-elevation site on Mt. Smolikas in northern Greece, where some of Europe’s oldest trees provide evidence of warm season temperature variability back to 730 CE. The reconstruction is derived from 192 annually resolved, latewood density series from ancient living and relict Pinus heldreichii trees calibrating at r<sub>1911-2015</sub> = 0.73 against regional July-September (JAS) temperatures. Although the recent 1985-2014 period was the warmest 30-year interval (JAS T<sub>wrt.1961-90</sub> = +0.71°C) since the 11<sup>th</sup> century, temperatures during the 9-10<sup>th</sup> centuries were even warmer, including the warmest reconstructed 30-year period from 876-905 (+0.78°C). These differences between warm periods are statistically insignificant though. Several distinct cold episodes punctuate the Little Ice Age, albeit the coldest 30-year period is centered during high medieval times from 997-1026 (-1.63°C). Comparison with reconstructions from the Alps and Scandinavia shows that a similar cold episode occurred in central Europe but was absent at northern latitudes. The reconstructions also reveal different millennial-scale temperature trends (NEur = -0.73°C/1000 years, CEur = -0.13 °C, SEur = +0.23°C) potentially triggered by latitudinal changes in summer insolation due to orbital forcing. These features, the opposing millennial-scale temperature trends and the medieval multi-decadal cooling recorded in Central Europe and the Mediterranean, are not well captured in state-of-the-art climate model simulations.</p>

scholarly journals Genetic structure of the vairone Telestes souffia in the eastern part of Lake Constance, central Europe

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1158-1164
Author(s):  
F. M. Muenzel ◽  
W. Salzburger ◽  
M. Sanetra ◽  
B. Grabherr ◽  
A. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Lake Constance

scholarly journals The genetic structure of raccoon introduced in Central Europe reflects multiple invasion pathways

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1611-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Biedrzycka ◽  
Andrzej Zalewski ◽  
Magdalena Bartoszewicz ◽  
Henryk Okarma ◽  
Ewa Jędrzejewska
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Invasion Pathways

scholarly journals Corded Ware cultural complexity uncovered using genomic and isotopic analysis from south-eastern Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Linderholm ◽  
Gülşah Merve Kılınç ◽  
Anita Szczepanek ◽  
Piotr Włodarczak ◽  
Paweł Jarosz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Cultural Complexity ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Kin Relations ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Burial Rites

AbstractDuring the Final Eneolithic the Corded Ware Complex (CWC) emerges, chiefly identified by its specific burial rites. This complex spanned most of central Europe and exhibits demographic and cultural associations to the Yamnaya culture. To study the genetic structure and kin relations in CWC communities, we sequenced the genomes of 19 individuals located in the heartland of the CWC complex region, south-eastern Poland. Whole genome sequence and strontium isotope data allowed us to investigate genetic ancestry, admixture, kinship and mobility. The analysis showed a unique pattern, not detected in other parts of Poland; maternally the individuals are linked to earlier Neolithic lineages, whereas on the paternal side a Steppe ancestry is clearly visible. We identified three cases of kinship. Of these two were between individuals buried in double graves. Interestingly, we identified kinship between a local and a non-local individual thus discovering a novel, previously unknown burial custom.

scholarly journals Grape Phylloxera Genetic Structure Reveals Root–Leaf Migration within Commercial Vineyards

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Jurrian Wilmink ◽  
Michael Breuer ◽  
Astrid Forneck
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Population Bottlenecks ◽  
Grape Phylloxera ◽  
Sexual Recombination ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
Natural Infestation ◽  
Root Feeding

Depending on their life cycle, grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) leaf-feeding populations are initiated through asexually produced offspring or sexual recombination. The vine’s initial foliar larvae may originate from root-feeding phylloxera or wind-drifted foliar larvae from other habitats. Though some studies have reported phylloxera leaf-feeding in commercial vineyards, it is still unclear if they are genetically distinct from the population structure of these two sources. Using seven SSR-markers, this study analyzed the genetic structure of phylloxera populations in commercial vineyards with different natural infestation scenarios and that of single-plant insect systems that exclude infestation by wind-drifted larvae. We saw that during the vegetation period, phylloxera populations predominately go through their asexual life cycle to migrate from roots to leaves. We provided evidence that such migrations do not exclusively occur through wind-drifted foliar populations from rootstock vines in abandoned thickets, but that root populations within commercial vineyards also migrate to establish V. vinifera leaf populations. Whereas the former scenario generates foliar populations with high genotypic diversity, the latter produces population bottlenecks through founder effects or phylloxera biotype selection pressure. We finally compared these population structures with those of populations in their native habitat in North America, using four microsatellite markers.

scholarly journals The Elbrus (Caucasus, Russia) ice core glaciochemistry to reconstruct anthropogenic emissions in central Europe: The case of sulfate

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Preunkert ◽  
Michel Legrand ◽  
Stanislav Kutuzov ◽  
Patrick Ginot ◽  
Vladimir Mikhalenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
First Century ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Basal Ice ◽  
Common Era

Abstract. This study reports on the glaciochemistry of a deep ice core (182 m long) drilled in 2009 at Mount Elbrus (43°21′ N, 42°26′ E; 5115 m above sea level) in the Caucasus, Russia. Radiocarbon dating of the particulate organic carbon fraction in the ice suggests a basal ice age of ~ 1670 ± 400 cal yr BP. Based on chemical stratigraphy, the upper 168.6 m of the core were dated by counting annual layers. The seasonally resolved chemical records cover the years 1774–2009 (Common Era), thus, being useful to reconstruct many aspects of atmospheric pollution in central Europe from pre-industrial times to present-day. After having examined the extent to which the arrival of large dust plumes originating from Sahara and Middle East modifies the chemical composition of the Elbrus (ELB) snow and ice layers, we focus on the sulfur pollution. The ELB sulfate levels indicate a four- and six-fold increase from 1774–1900 to 1980–1995 in winter and summer, respectively. Remaining close to 116 ± 28 ppb during the nineteen century, the summer sulfate levels started to rise at a mean rate of ~ 6 ppb per year from 1920 to 1950. The summer sulfate increase accelerated between 1950 and 1975 (11 ppb per year), levels reaching a maximum between 1980 and 1990 (730 ± 152 ppb) and subsequently decreasing to 630 ± 130 ppb at the beginning of the twenty first century. Long-term sulfate trends observed in the ELB ice cores are compared with those previously obtained in Alpine ice, the most important difference consists in a more pronounced decrease of the sulfur pollution over the three last decades in western than central Europe.

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