scholarly journals Power and Vertical Positions in an Organization Chart: A Pre-Registered Replication Report of Study 3a and a Modification of Study 1a, Giessner & Schubert (2007)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen R. Giessner ◽  
Thomas W. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Spatial Difference ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Spatial Cues ◽  
Null Finding

Study 1a of Giessner and Schubert (2007) found a causal effect of vertical spatial cues on power judgments. Recent work showed that this was a false positive (Klein et al., 2018). Here, we test whether another paradigm (i.e., original Study 3a) can be replicated, and develop an adjusted paradigm of original Study 1a to clarify what kind of vertical spatial cues influence power judgments. Our current preregistered Study 1 confirms original Study 3a of Giessner and Schubert (2007). It shows that information about the power of a leader is represented spatially by placing the leader’s box higher in an organigram. Our current Study 2 distinguishes vertical ranks from magnitude of vertical spatial difference without changes in rank. The original Study 1a and the failed replication manipulated only magnitude while leaving rank equal. We confirm the null finding here. However, we also find that vertical rank order does indeed affect power judgments, again in a preregistered study, and in line with prior work. In sum, building on earlier work and the failed replication, we clarify that vertical rank order, but not magnitude of elevation, are associated with power judgments.

Formation of internal structure in a lexical category

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
School Children ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Paired Comparisons ◽  
Internal Representations ◽  
Function Information ◽  
Lexical Concept

ABSTRACTWhat does the word chair mean? How does the category of objects bearing this name differ between adults and pre-school children? And how does the knowledge of a possible function of an object affect subjects' judgements? Answers to these questions were sought by means of sorting and rank ordering tasks. Subjects were shown drawings of a variety of objects on which one could sit, and were asked to indicate which ones they would call chairs. Those objects so judged to be category members were rank ordered for degree of typicality (or ‘best example’) by a paired-comparisons procedure. Half the subjects saw drawings of the objects alone, while the others saw a person sitting on each object. The results revealed that adults consistently judged some objects to be better examples than others, and that the provision of function information affected the judgements in a characteristic way. A different, less stable typicality structure was found in the children's category. Function cues caused the children's rank order judgements to change greatly. These findings are discussed within the framework of some recent theories of lexical concept formation in young children, and in relation to recent work on the nature of internal representations.

scholarly journals Advantages of Matched Over Unmatched Opt-in Samples for Studying Criminal Justice Attitudes: A Research Note

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Graham ◽  
Justin Pickett ◽  
Francis T. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Similar Magnitude ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Wrong Direction ◽  
Data Source

PURPOSE: Despite the growing popularity of online opt-in samples in criminology, recent work shows that resultant findings often do not generalize. Not all opt-in samples are alike, however, and matching may improve data quality. Replicating and extending prior work, we compare the generalizability of relational inferences from unmatched and matched opt-in samples.METHODS: Estimating identical models for four criminal justice outcomes, we compare multivariate regression results from national matched (YouGov) and unmatched (MTurk) opt-in samples to those from the General Social Survey (GSS). RESULTS: YouGov coefficients are almost always in the same direction as GSS coefficients, especially when statistically significant, and are mostly of a similar magnitude; less than 10% of the YouGov and GSS coefficients differ significantly. By contrast, MTurk coefficients are more likely to be in the wrong direction, more likely to be much larger or smaller, and are over twice as likely to differ significantly from GSS coefficients.CONCLUSIONS: Matched opt-in samples provide a relatively inexpensive data source for criminal justice researchers, compared to probability samples, and also appear to carry a smaller generalizability penalty than unmatched samples. Our study suggests relational inferences from matched opt-in samples are more likely to generalize than those from unmatched samples.

scholarly journals The Mirror Effect: A Preregistered Replication

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Monéger ◽  
Armand Chatard ◽  
Leila Selimbegović
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Outlier Detection ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Mirror Effect ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Self Awareness

When individuals are exposed to their own image in a mirror, known to increase self-awareness, they may show increased accessibility of suicide-related words (a phenomenon labeled “the mirror effect”; Selimbegović & Chatard, 2013). We attempted to replicate this effect in a pre-registered study (N = 150). As in the original study, self-awareness was manipulated using a mirror and recognition latencies for accurately detecting suicide-related words, negative words, and neutral words in a lexical decision task were assessed. We found no evidence of the mirror effect in pre-registered analyses. A multiverse analysis revealed a significant mirror effect only when excluding extreme observations. An equivalence TOST test did not yield evidence for or against the mirror effect. Overall, the results suggest that the original effect was a false positive or that the conditions for obtaining it (in terms of statistical power and/or outlier detection method) are not yet fully understood. Implications for the mirror effect and recommendations for pre-registered replications are discussed.

scholarly journals Re-evaluating the mechanism of histone lactylation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunada Khadka ◽  
Yasaman Barekatain ◽  
Florian Muller
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Metabolic Role

Recent work by Zhang et al. published in Nature identified a unique non-metabolic role of the glycolysis end-product lactate, in post-translational lactylation of histones. The original study as well as follow-up editorials allude that lactate after being activated as lactyl-CoA mediates histone lactylation. Review of the experiments performed and the controls employed in the original study raises doubts on the proposed source and mechanism of lactylation. Herein, guided by findings from multiple labs including metabolomic studies from our own, we argue that S-lactoyl-glutathione is a more plausible substrate for histone lactylation.

Does Flexibility Promote Cooperation? An Application to the Global Trade Regime

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Kucik ◽  
Eric Reinhardt
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
World Trade ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Trade Regime ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
The World

Do flexibility provisions in international agreements—clauses allowing for legal suspension of concessions without abrogating the treaty—promote cooperation? Recent work emphasizes that provisions for relaxing treaty commitments can ironically make states more likely to form agreements and make deeper concessions when doing so. This argument has particularly been applied to the global trade regime, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and its successor, the World Trade Organization (WTO). Yet the field has not produced much evidence bearing on this claim. Our article applies this claim to the global trade regime and its chief flexibility provision, antidumping. In contrast to prior work, this article explicitly models the endogeneity and selection processes envisioned by the theory. We find that states joining the WTO are more likely to adopt domestic antidumping mechanisms. Likewise, corrected for endogeneity, states able to take advantage of the regime's principal flexibility provision, by having a domestic antidumping mechanism in place, are significantly more likely to (1) join the WTO, (2) agree to more tightly binding tariff commitments, and (3) implement lower applied tariffs as well.

scholarly journals Am I My Brother's Barkeeper? Sibling Spillovers in Alcohol Consumption at the Minimum Legal Drinking Age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Schnorr ◽  
Eunju Lee
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Drinking Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Minimum Legal Drinking Age ◽  
Rule Out

We use data on sibling pairs near the minimum legal drinking age to provide causal estimates of peer effects in alcohol consumption. Following prior work on other outcomes, we exploit the discontinuous increase in alcohol consumption of the older sibling at the legal drinking age in a regression discontinuity design. Our preferred point estimates imply that the number of binge drinking days reported by the younger sibling decreases by 27% of the mean at the cutoff. While our estimates are somewhat imprecise, we are consistently able to rule out positive estimates from the existing literature. Our research design provides estimates which are interpretable as the causal effect of the peer's alcohol consumption. This is in contrast to most prior work which instead identifies the causal effect of exposure to the peer. We explain how this distinction matters for policy.

scholarly journals Advantages of Matched Over Unmatched Opt-in Samples for Studying Criminal Justice Attitudes: A Research Note

2020 ◽  
pp. 001112872097743
Author(s):  
Amanda Graham ◽  
Justin T. Pickett ◽  
Francis T. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Similar Magnitude ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Wrong Direction ◽  
Data Source

Despite the growing popularity of online opt-in samples in criminology, recent work shows that resultant findings often do not generalize. Not all opt-in samples are alike, however, and matching may improve data quality. Replicating and extending prior work, we compare the generalizability of relational inferences from unmatched and matched opt-in samples. Estimating identical models for four criminal justice outcomes, we compare multivariate regression results from national matched (YouGov) and unmatched (MTurk) opt-in samples to those from the General Social Survey (GSS). YouGov coefficients are almost always in the same direction as GSS coefficients, especially when statistically significant, and are mostly of a similar magnitude; less than 10% of the YouGov and GSS coefficients differ significantly. By contrast, MTurk coefficients are more likely to be in the wrong direction, more likely to be much larger or smaller, and are about three times as likely to differ significantly from GSS coefficients. Matched opt-in samples provide a relatively inexpensive data source for criminal justice researchers, compared to probability samples, and also appear to carry a smaller generalizability penalty than unmatched samples. Our study suggests relational inferences from matched opt-in samples are more likely to generalize than those from unmatched samples.

scholarly journals When we want them to fear us: The motivation to influence outgroup emotions in collective action

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 724-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siwar Hasan-Aslih ◽  
Liat Netzer ◽  
Martijn van Zomeren ◽  
Tamar Saguy ◽  
Maya Tamir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Disadvantaged Group ◽  
Nonviolent Action ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Violent Action ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Action Tendencies

Prior work has shown that the experience of group-based emotions can motivate disadvantaged group members to engage in collective action. In the current research, we tested whether such action can also be driven by the motivation to induce certain emotions among the outgroup to the extent that disadvantaged group members believe this would help them attain their social change goals. We tested this hypothesis in three studies (two correlational and one experimental) within the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Study 1 showed that individuals’ motivation to induce outgroup regret was associated with nonviolent collective action tendencies, whereas the motivation to induce outgroup fear was related to violent action. Study 2 moved beyond Study 1 by assessing corrective and punitive goals of social change. We found that preferences for inducing outgroup regret mediated the relationship between endorsement of corrective goals and nonviolent action tendencies, whereas preferences for outgroup fear mediated the relationship between punitive goals and violent action. Study 3 provided experimental support for the causal effect of goals on emotion motivations and collective action tendencies. Together, our findings are in line with the notion of instrumental emotion regulation as applied to collective action.

scholarly journals Transformative continuations, (dis)affiliation, and accountability in Japanese interaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Haugh ◽  
Yasuko Obana
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Prior Work

AbstractStudies of joint productions have often focused on instances where a recipient anticipates through completions what a speaker might be about to say, or through expansion what that speaker could plausibly go on to say. However, recent work suggests that grammatically fitted continuations may also alter or redirect the projected trajectory of a prior speaker’s turn or utterance. In this paper, building on this prior work, we focus on cases in Japanese interaction where grammatically fitted continuations of one speaker’s turn or utterance by another speaker accomplished through “format tying” (

MIND, BODY, AND SOUL: IDEAS IN CONTEXT

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-652
Author(s):  
ALAN CHARLES KORS
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Critical Editions ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Body And Soul

Ann Thomson's Bodies of Thought is simultaneously an outgrowth of her prior work and a new direction in her scholarship. She has done rigorous and original study of the mid-eighteenth-century French materialist Julien Offray de La Mettrie, offering important critical editions and major articles. She also has done fruitful studies of broader issues of eighteenth-century medicine, vitalism, Epicureanism, and clandestine literature. These endeavors immersed her in precisely the consequences—both intended and unintended, in France, above all—of the sorts of debates that she examines here. She knows well the early modern issues and implications of debates about mind and body, and she can explain them with precision and fluency.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document