scholarly journals Attention Interacts With Emotion to Drive Perceptual Impairment of Images in an RSVP Task

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divita Singh ◽  
Meera Mary Sunny
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Target Detection ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Target Image ◽  
Attentional Allocation ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Systematic Comparison ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Perceptual Impairment

Emotion Induced Blindness (EIB) is characterized by an impairment in the detection of a neutral target image when it appears between 100-500ms after the presentation of an emotional image. EIB has been argued to be an early level perceptual impairment resulting from spatio-temporal competition between the neutral target and the emotional distractor. While the role of attentional processes is implied in EIB, there hasn’t been a systematic comparison between EIB and Attentional Blink (AB) concerning the locus of attentional control. That is, in most of the AB studies, participants are required to identify and report T1 while in EIB studies they are asked to ignore the emotional distractor. Hence, the differences between AB and EIB may stem from this difference in attentional control. In Expt. 1 and Expt. 2 participants were asked to report two targets in an RSVP stream and we found similar impairment in both the experiments, irrespective of the emotional nature of the target. However, in Expt. 3 and 4 where participants were required to report only one target, only the emotional distractor captured attention, leading to an impairment in target detection. Our result shows that target impairment in EIB is due to the exogenous attentional allocation to the emotional image. i.e., distractor image being emotionally salient captures attention in a bottom-up manner leading to the impairment in the less salient target.

scholarly journals Is there a dysexecutive syndrome?

2007 ◽  
Vol 362 (1481) ◽  
pp. 901-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald T Stuss ◽  
Michael P Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Supervisory System ◽  
Task Setting ◽  
Patient Groups

The role of the frontal lobes has often been described as a ‘paradox’ or a ‘riddle’. Ascribed to this region has been the loftiest of functions (e.g. executive; seat of wisdom); others contested that the frontal lobes played no special role. There has also been controversy about the unity or diversity of functions related to the frontal lobes. Based on the analysis of the effects of lesions of the frontal lobes, we propose that there are discrete categories of functions within the frontal lobes, of which ‘executive’ functioning is one. Within the executive category, the data do not support the concept of an undifferentiated central executive/supervisory system. The results are better explained as impairments in a collection of anatomically and functionally independent but interrelated attentional control processes. Evidence for three separate frontal attentional processes is presented. For each process, we present an operational description, the data supporting the distinctiveness of each process and the evidence for impairments of each process after lesions in specific frontal regions. These processes and their coarse frontal localizations are energization — superior medial , task setting — left lateral and monitoring — right lateral . The strength of the findings lies in replication: across different tasks; across different cognitive modalities (e.g. reaction time paradigms, memory); and across different patient groups. This convergence minimizes the possibility that any of the findings are limited to a specific task or to a specific set of patients. Although distinct, these processes are flexibly assembled in response to context, complexity and intention over real time into different networks within the frontal regions and between frontal and posterior regions.

The role of attention in the development of creativity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna R. Kauer ◽  
Paul T. Sowden
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Control ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Complete Picture ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Creative People ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Combine Information ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Creativity is typically defined as an output that is both novel and effective, and creative ability in adults is strongly linked to attentional processes. Creative thinking requires the attentional flexibility to combine information from internal and external inputs and to switch between ideas and representations, together with the attentional control to resist distraction, and persist with an idea over time. There are also indications that attention style may be qualitatively different in highly creative people, although we do not yet have a complete picture of the optimal attentional profile for creativity. However, the relationship between attention and creativity has hardly been explored in children. Consequently, we have little understanding of what the developmental attentional milestones for creativity might be. Here, the authors consider the evidence that the development of attention in children is as integral to the development of creativity as it is to other aspects of cognition and suggest potential avenues for future research.

The Mediating Role of Retrieval and Attentional Control on Probability Judgment

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Dougherty ◽  
Amber Sprenger ◽  
Sharona Atkins ◽  
Ana M. Franco-Watkins ◽  
Rick Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Control ◽  
Probability Judgment ◽  
Mediating Role

Target Detection in a Scenario of Natural Sounds: The Role of Spatial Sound Source Separation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Mayr ◽  
Gunnar Regenbrecht ◽  
Kathrin Lange ◽  
Albertgeorg Lang ◽  
Axel Buchner
Keyword(s):  
Target Detection ◽  
Sound Source ◽  
Source Separation ◽  
Natural Sounds ◽  
Sound Source Separation ◽  
Spatial Sound

scholarly journals An Integrated Perspective on Spatio-Temporal Attention and Infant Language Acquisition

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1592
Author(s):  
Sofia Russo ◽  
Giulia Calignano ◽  
Marco Dispaldro ◽  
Eloisa Valenza
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Speech Signal ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Temporal Attention ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Infant Language

Efficiency in the early ability to switch attention toward competing visual stimuli (spatial attention) may be linked to future ability to detect rapid acoustic changes in linguistic stimuli (temporal attention). To test this hypothesis, we compared individual performances in the same cohort of Italian-learning infants in two separate tasks: (i) an overlap task, measuring disengagement efficiency for visual stimuli at 4 months (Experiment 1), and (ii) an auditory discrimination task for trochaic syllabic sequences at 7 months (Experiment 2). Our results indicate that an infant’s efficiency in processing competing information in the visual field (i.e., visuospatial attention; Exp. 1) correlates with the subsequent ability to orient temporal attention toward relevant acoustic changes in the speech signal (i.e., temporal attention; Exp. 2). These results point out the involvement of domain-general attentional processes (not specific to language or the sensorial domain) playing a pivotal role in the development of early language skills in infancy.

scholarly journals The Role of Spatio-Temporal Information to Govern the COVID-19 Pandemic: A European Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Hartmut Müller ◽  
Marije Louwsma
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
National Level ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The Covid-19 pandemic put a heavy burden on member states in the European Union. To govern the pandemic, having access to reliable geo-information is key for monitoring the spatial distribution of the outbreak over time. This study aims to analyze the role of spatio-temporal information in governing the pandemic in the European Union and its member states. The European Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) system and selected national dashboards from member states were assessed to analyze which spatio-temporal information was used, how the information was visualized and whether this changed over the course of the pandemic. Initially, member states focused on their own jurisdiction by creating national dashboards to monitor the pandemic. Information between member states was not aligned. Producing reliable data and timeliness reporting was problematic, just like selecting indictors to monitor the spatial distribution and intensity of the outbreak. Over the course of the pandemic, with more knowledge about the virus and its characteristics, interventions of member states to govern the outbreak were better aligned at the European level. However, further integration and alignment of public health data, statistical data and spatio-temporal data could provide even better information for governments and actors involved in managing the outbreak, both at national and supra-national level. The Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE) initiative and the NUTS system provide a framework to guide future integration and extension of existing systems.

scholarly journals From Loschmidt daemons to time-reversed waves

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2069) ◽  
pp. 20150156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Fink
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Time Reversal ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Propagation Time ◽  
Reversal Invariance ◽  
Spatial Boundary ◽  
Dual Approaches ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Time-reversal invariance can be exploited in wave physics to control wave propagation in complex media. Because time and space play a similar role in wave propagation, time-reversed waves can be obtained by manipulating spatial boundaries or by manipulating time boundaries. The two dual approaches will be discussed in this paper. The first approach uses ‘time-reversal mirrors’ with a wave manipulation along a spatial boundary sampled by a finite number of antennas. Related to this method, the role of the spatio-temporal degrees of freedom of the wavefield will be emphasized. In a second approach, waves are manipulated from a time boundary and we show that ‘instantaneous time mirrors’, mimicking the Loschmidt point of view, simultaneously acting in the entire space at once can also radiate time-reversed waves.

Testing the impaired disengagement hypothesis: The role of attentional control and positive metacognitive beliefs in depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 103961
Author(s):  
José M. Salguero ◽  
Juan Ramos-Cejudo ◽  
Esperanza García-Sancho ◽  
Ilyana Arbulu ◽  
José L. Zaccagnini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Control ◽  
Metacognitive Beliefs

A geographical analysis of the first wave of Covid-19 with reference to highland and lowland regions of India

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-281
Author(s):  
Bindhy Wasini Pandey ◽  
◽  
Yuvraj Singh ◽  
Usha Rani ◽  
Roosen Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Regional Disparity ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Indian Himalayan Region ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Extensive Coverage ◽  
The World ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The issue of health has become a major concern in recent years as a result of extensive coverage of media reporting outbreaks of diseases and the spread of deadly infectious diseases around the world. There has been a growing concern over the accessibility and affordability of healthcare facilities. The spread of the ongoing pandemic COVID-19 has been felt all over the world. However, the rate of infection varies across certain regions of the world. There exists intra-regional disparity as well. Recent research shows that there are latitudinal and altitudinal variations in the spread of the COVID-19. This paper studies variation of infection COVID-19 across the highlands of the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) and the lowland areas in India. The paper also examines the role of geographical spaces in the spread of coronavirus in these regions. The study indicates that place-based effects (altitude, temperature, pollution levels, etc.) on health can be seen in a variety of ways; therefore, locational issues are very important for addressing health questions. The paper also analyses the Spatio-temporal pattern of the COVID-19 pandemic in the study area to understand the nature of the disease in different locations.

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