A Case of Oral Exostosis that Showed an Extensive Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-246
Author(s):  
YU KITAMURA ◽  
TAKAYUKI NAKASHIMA ◽  
IWAO HYODO
Keyword(s):  
Extensive Growth

INTERACTIONS OF OESTRONE AND TESTOSTERONE ON MAMMARY GLANDS OF MALE RABBITS

1961 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bengtsson ◽  
A. Norgren
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
List Type ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Growth Reaction ◽  
Extensive Growth ◽  
Higher Doses

ABSTRACT The effect of testosterone and oestrone on the mammary glands of castrated male rabbits was studied. Testosterone propionate was used in daily doses from 0.5 to 80 mg. The doses of oestrone ranged from 0.05 to 25 μg per day. Mammary glands were examined after 14, 28 or 56 days of injections. 1) Testosterone in doses below 20 mg failed to affect the mammary glands. With 40 or 80 mg a distinct, though abnormal growth reaction was consistently obtained. 2) Oestrone in doses lower than 0.5 μg did not stimulate mammary growth. With 0.5 μg and higher doses extensive growth of the mammary glands occurred. Stunted growth and secretion were found in the mammary glands of rabbits injected with 12.5 or 25 μg oestrone. 3) Testosterone in doses of 1 or 5 to 10 mg depressed or abolished the response of the mammary glands to 0.5 μg oestrone. When testosterone, in doses ineffective when given alone, was added to at least 3.125 μg oestrone, the mammary glands developed alveoli. The abnormalities produced by the highest doses of oestrone studied were exaggerated by the addition of testosterone. 4) The observations indicate a complicated interplay between the actions of testosterone and oestrone on the mammary gland of the rabbit. The interactions between testosterone and oestrone are presumably different from those observed between progesterone and oestrone.

Artificial mixing to reduce growth of the blue-green alga Microcystis in Lake Nieuwe Meer, Amsterdam: an evaluation of 7 years of experience

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jungo ◽  
Petra M. Visser ◽  
Jasper Stroom ◽  
Luuc R. Mur
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Bubble Plume ◽  
Annual Fluctuation ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Mechanical Parts ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Artificial Mixing ◽  
Flexible Pipes ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Extensive Growth

The problem of Lake Nieuwe Meer (area = 1.3 km2, max. depth 30 m, Ptot = 500 mg/m3) was extensive growth of Microcystis with disturbing scum forming. Since 1993 the lake has been artificially mixed in summer by a bubble plume installation. The result is quite successful since the mass of Microcystis is up to 20 times lower than in the years before mixing and no scum is present any more. The study in Lake Nieuwe Meer showed a shift from cyanobacterial dominance (mainly Microcystis) to flagellates, green-algae and diatoms when artificial mixing was applied. Total phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations did not change as a result of mixing and had apparently no effect on the shift in the phytoplankton composition. The chlorophyll-a concentration was much lower in the mixed lake as a result of dilution. The total algae biomass decreased. The transparency did not improve. The total heat energy of the lake is slightly higher than before mixing but still remains in the range of annual fluctuation. The temperature on the surface is approximately 2°C lower. In the whole water-body oxygen was always higher than 5 mg/l. Living space for fish is therefore wider. The installation in Lake Nieuwe Meer consists of flexible pipes near the sediment, built in a way to prevent sediment erosion and transport into the water. There are no constructions in the water-body. All mechanical parts are on land. The layout of the installation is shown in Fig. 1. Installed compressor energy is 85 kW. This is equivalent to an upper middle-class motor-car. The design was made specifically for this problem. It is based on the physical data of the algae and the plant. It would be beneficial to use this 7 year's experience for further applications e.g. elimination of toxic algae in drinking-water reservoirs.

An experimental study of Web switching behavior

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
James Otto ◽  
Mohammad Najdawi ◽  
William Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Web Site ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Switching Behavior ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Wait Times ◽  
Web Page ◽  
Extensive Growth ◽  
The Impact

With the extensive growth of the Internet and electronic commerce, the issue of how users behave when confronted with long download times is important. This paper investigates Web switching behavior. The paper describes experiments where users were subjected to artificially delayed Web page download times to study the impact of Web site wait times on switching behavior. Two hypotheses were tested. First, that longer wait times will result in increased switching behavior. The implication being that users become frustrated with long waiting times and choose to go elsewhere. Second, that users who switch will benefit, in terms of decreased download times, from their decision to switch.

Electricity Liberalisation in Developing Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hall ◽  
Tue Anh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Power Markets ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
Global North ◽  
Extensive Growth

Liberalisation of the electricity sector by unbundling the networks from generation and creating power markets has been promoted to developing countries by the World Bank and others for nearly two decades, in order to stimulate private sector investment. The paper presents cross-country comparisons of progress with liberalisation in the largest developing economies along with investment indicators of generating capacity and access to electricity networks, showing extensive growth in investment regardless of the extent of liberalisation, predominantly by the public sector. The liberalisation model is now losing credibility even in the global north.

Extensive growth is followed by neurodegenerative pathology in the continuously expanding adult zebrafish retina

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Van houcke ◽  
Emiel Geeraerts ◽  
Sophie Vanhunsel ◽  
An Beckers ◽  
Lut Noterdaeme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Neurodegenerative Pathology ◽  
Extensive Growth

scholarly journals Association between morphologic distortion of sickle cells and deoxygenation-induced cation permeability increase

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 450-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Mohandas ◽  
ME Rossi ◽  
MR Clark
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Sickle Cells ◽  
Cation Permeability ◽  
Extensive Growth ◽  
Permeability Increase ◽  
K Permeability ◽  
Mean Cell Hemoglobin

We hypothesized that the deoxygenation-induced increase in cation permeability of sickle cells was related to mechanical distention of the membrane by growing HbS polymer within the cell. To test this hypothesis, we determined the effect of deoxygenation on cation fluxes in sickle cells under conditions that restricted or permitted extensive growth of polymer, producing different degrees of membrane distention. Manipulation of suspending medium osmolality for density-isolated high and low mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) cells was used to regulate the extensional growth of polymer bundles and hence membrane distortion. For initially low MCHC cells, the deoxygenation-induced increase in both Na and K fluxes was markedly suppressed when the MCHC was increased by increasing the osmolality. This suppression corresponded to the inhibition of extensive morphologic cellular distortion. For initially high MCHC, ISC-rich cells, deoxygenation had minimal effect on K permeability. However, reduction of MCHC by a decrease in osmolality produced a concomitant increase in cation permeability and cellular distortion. These observations support the idea that the sickling-associated increase in membrane permeability is related to mechanical stress imposed on the membrane by bundles of HbS polymer.

scholarly journals Root Colonization by Agrobacterium tumefaciens Is Reduced in cel, attB,attD, and attR Mutants

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 2341-2345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann G. Matthysse ◽  
Susan McMahan
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Bacterial Pathogenesis ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Extensive Growth ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

ABSTRACT Root colonization by Agrobacterium tumefaciens was measured by using tomato and Arabidopsis thaliana roots dipped in a bacterial suspension and planted in soil. Wild-type bacteria showed extensive growth on tomato roots; the number of bacteria increased from 103 bacteria/cm of root length at the time of inoculation to more than 107 bacteria/cm after 10 days. The numbers of cellulose-minus and nonattachingattB, attD, and attR mutant bacteria were less than 1/10,000th the number of wild-type bacteria recovered from tomato roots. On roots of A. thalianaecotype Landsberg erecta, the numbers of wild-type bacteria increased from about 30 to 8,000 bacteria/cm of root length after 8 days. The numbers of cellulose-minus and nonattaching mutant bacteria were 1/100th to 1/10th the number of wild-type bacteria recovered after 8 days. The attachment of A. tumefaciens to cut A. thaliana roots incubated in 0.4% sucrose and observed with a light microscope was also reduced with cel andatt mutants. These results suggest that cellulose synthesis and attachment genes play a role in the ability of the bacteria to colonize roots, as well as in bacterial pathogenesis.

Political constraints on economic efficiency: a reconsideration of the American and Soviet economies

1981 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
R.T. Maddock
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Extensive Growth

The formulation and execution of economic policy towards the Soviet block has generally been based on the presumption by Western governments of the inevitable and demonstrable economic superiority of capitalist over communist systems. Expectations derived from theoretical analysis of the misallocation of economic resources that would obtain in an economy lacking a rational price system appear to be sustained by empirical investigation of the Soviet Union. The impossibility of ensuring consistent and optimal plans, the failure to meet demand in terms of both quantity and quality of consumer goods and the requirement of excessive inputs of factors and resources per unit of output in both industry and agriculture compared with the mixed economies have been well documented, and appear to be endemic in Eastern Europe. Although it is more difficult to make international comparisons of dynamic efficiency due to the lack of an appropriate conceptual framework, both theoretical and empirical analyses appear to sustain the conventional orthodoxy. Material balances planning, and in particular the system of factor rewards prevailing in the U.S.S.R., give rise to expectations of bias against technical progress. The most comprehensive investigation into the sources of technological progress in the Soviet Union shows that in the period 1945–65, only 11 per cent of the technologies then in use had been internally generated, the rest being imported from capitalist sources. It has been estimated that, the technology gap between the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R. may be between 10 and 25 years. The impressively high growth rates achieved by the Soviet Union in the 1950s and early 1960s, it is further claimed, are not evidence of the eventual dynamic superiority of the planned system, as Soviet economists insist, but are no more than a reflection of the low level of economic development which the Soviet economy had attained by the beginning of the period of the Five Year Plans. Once abundant and under-utilized factors of production were fully absorbed into the economy, the requirement of the extensive growth model for large inputs of labour and capital per unit of output would cause a deceleration of growth rates. Statistics for the 1970s appear to bear out the prediction.

Democracy and Nonprofit Growth: A Cross-National Panel Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 702-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok Eun Kim ◽  
You Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Political System ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Nonprofit Sector ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Extensive Growth ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross National

This study hypothesizes that a country with a high level of democracy should experience more extensive growth in its nonprofit sector than authoritarian or less democratic countries, controlling for the relevant social and economic variables. We tested this hypothesis using cross-national longitudinal data. The results indicate that a democratic political system affects positively on the emergence and growth of the nonprofit sector across sample countries. However, the relationship appears to be non-linear, although nonprofit activities are sustained at a certain level. We also found different developmental trajectories among the nonprofit sectors that depended on how different countries operated their democratic political systems.

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