scholarly journals Tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy use among racial/ethnic minorities in the United States: Considerations for primary care

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Webb Hooper ◽  
Michael Payne ◽  
Kimberly A. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals 1269. HIV Testing in a Large Community Health Center Serving a Multi-cultural Population: A Qualitative Study of Providers

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S387-S387
Author(s):  
Anthony James ◽  
Danelle Marable ◽  
Caroline Cubbison ◽  
Andrew Tarbox ◽  
Sarah Oo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Background In the United States, 15% of people with HIV (PWH) do not know their serostatus, leading to both individual morbidity and HIV transmission to others. While CDC guidelines recommend HIV screening for all individuals aged 13–64 years, racial and ethnic minorities in the United States continue to present to care with advanced HIV infection. Methods Our objective was to assess providers’ perspectives on barriers to and facilitators of HIV testing at an urban community health center serving a predominantly racial/ethnic minority population of low socio-economic status. Study staff conducted five focus groups from January 2017 to November 2017 with 74 health center staff: 20 adult medicine/primary care providers, 28 community health workers (CHWs), six urgent care physicians, six community health administrators, and 14 behavioral health providers. Each focus group ranged from six to 20 participants. In addition to exploring participants’ views on HIV testing in this setting, we also explored potential interventions to improve HIV testing. Interviews were digitally recorded. Data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. We used open coding to develop themes and compared themes among provider groups. Results The main facilitators of routine HIV testing were clinical training in HIV/hepatitis care and CHWs engaging patients in topics that intersect with HIV risk factors. Providers’ perceptions of key barriers were patients’ cultural perceptions of HIV (e.g. HIV-related stigma), patients’ concerns about test confidentiality, competing medical and social issues, and provider lack of HIV knowledge. All groups agreed that HIV testing should occur through the primary care provider though acknowledged that patients may be seeking healthcare more frequently through mental health, urgent care, or social services than primary care. Primary care physicians wanted easier mechanisms to identify patients in need of HIV testing and assistance with offering the test to non-English language speaking patients. Conclusion Specific, focused efforts can lead to improved HIV testing in racial ethnic minorities in community health centers. Training to improve provider comfort, increasing CHW engagement, and a focus on patients’ cultural beliefs may all have an impact. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Preventable Cancer Burden Associated With Poor Diet in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Fang Zhang ◽  
Frederick Cudhea ◽  
Zhilei Shan ◽  
Dominique S Michaud ◽  
Fumiaki Imamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cancer Burden ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Background Diet is an important risk factor for cancer that is amenable to intervention. Estimating the cancer burden associated with diet informs evidence-based priorities for nutrition policies to reduce cancer burden in the United States. Methods Using a comparative risk assessment model that incorporated nationally representative data on dietary intake, national cancer incidence, and estimated associations of diet with cancer risk from meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies, we estimated the annual number and proportion of new cancer cases attributable to suboptimal intakes of seven dietary factors among US adults ages 20 years or older, and by population subgroups. Results An estimated 80 110 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] = 76 316 to 83 657) new cancer cases were attributable to suboptimal diet, accounting for 5.2% (95% UI = 5.0% to 5.5%) of all new cancer cases in 2015. Of these, 67 488 (95% UI = 63 583 to 70 978) and 4.4% (95% UI = 4.2% to 4.6%) were attributable to direct associations and 12 589 (95% UI = 12 156 to 13 038) and 0.82% (95% UI = 0.79% to 0.85%) to obesity-mediated associations. By cancer type, colorectal cancer had the highest number and proportion of diet-related cases (n = 52 225, 38.3%). By diet, low consumption of whole grains (n = 27 763, 1.8%) and dairy products (n = 17 692, 1.2%) and high intake of processed meats (n = 14 524, 1.0%) contributed to the highest burden. Men, middle-aged (45–64 years) and racial/ethnic minorities (non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and others) had the highest proportion of diet-associated cancer burden than other age, sex, and race/ethnicity groups. Conclusions More than 80 000 new cancer cases are estimated to be associated with suboptimal diet among US adults in 2015, with middle-aged men and racial/ethnic minorities experiencing the largest proportion of diet-associated cancer burden in the United States.

scholarly journals “We Are Here to Assist All Individuals Who Need Hospice Services”: Hospices’ Perspectives on Improving Access and Inclusion for Racial/Ethnic Minorities

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 233372142092041 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Courtney Hughes ◽  
Erin Vernon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Native American ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Language Services ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background: Racial/ethnic minority populations in the United States are less likely to utilize hospice services nearing their end of life, potentially diminishing their quality of care while also increasing medical costs. Objective: Explore the minority hospice utilization gap from the hospice perspective by examining perceived barriers and facilitators as well as practices and policies. Method: Qualitative surveys were conducted with 41 hospices across the United States. Qualitative data analysis included performing a limited content analysis, including the identification of themes and representative quotations. Results: Commonly reported barriers to hospice care for racial/ethnic minorities included culture/beliefs, mistrust of the medical system, and language barriers. A major theme pertaining to successful minority hospice enrollment was an inclusive culture that provided language services, staff cultural training, and a diverse staff. Another major theme was the importance of community outreach activities that extended beyond the medical community and forming relationships with churches, racial/ethnic minority community leaders, and Native American reservations. Conclusion: The importance of incorporating a culture of inclusivity by forming committees, providing language services, and offering culturally competent care emerged in this qualitative study. Building strong external relationships with community groups such as churches is a strategy used to increase racial/ethnic minority utilization of hospice.

scholarly journals Is Culture More Important for Racial/Ethnic Minorities than for Whites? An Experiment and Survey on the Cultural (Mis)Attribution Bias Among College Students in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Causadias ◽  
Woochan Kwon ◽  
Christina Pedram ◽  
Kevin Michael Korous
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Psychological Dimension ◽  
Attribution Bias ◽  
Racial Ethnic

•Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the degree to which college students in the United States endorse the Cultural (Mis)Attribution Bias, the belief that culture matters more for racial/ethnic minorities than for Whites. We hypothesized that students will rate more favorably a sample of minorities for a homework assignment on culture (Hypothesis 1), more favorably a sample of Whites for an assignment on psychology (Hypothesis 2), will indicate that psychological processes are more influential in shaping the behavior of Whites (Hypothesis 3), that cultural processes are more influential in the behavior of minorities (Hypothesis 4), and will believe that other college students endorse these views (Hypothesis 5). We expected none of these effects to be moderated by participant’s race/ethnicity.•Methods: Convenience sample of college students (N = 798), 48% racial/ethnic minority, 66% female, Mage = 19.02. We conducted an experiment and survey with the same sample.•Results: We found support for Hypothesis 1, no support for Hypothesis 2, partial support for Hypothesis 3, support for Hypothesis 4, and partial support for Hypothesis 5. •Conclusions: These findings provide clear support to the “minorities are more cultural” dimension of this bias, but less support for the “Whites are more psychological” dimension. These findings have important implications, as they document that a sample of college students endorse this bias in ways that are both consistent and different to older, more educated, and less diverse faculty.

scholarly journals Association of Care at Minority-Serving vs Non–Minority-Serving Hospitals With Use of Palliative Care Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities With Metastatic Cancer in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e187633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander P. Cole ◽  
David-Dan Nguyen ◽  
Akezhan Meirkhanov ◽  
Mehra Golshan ◽  
Nelya Melnitchouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals 0756 SHORT SLEEP DURATION DRIVES ACCELERATED AGING IN THE UNITED STATES ESPECIALLY AMONG RACIAL/ETHNIC MINORITIES

SLEEP ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. A280-A280
Author(s):  
A Seixas ◽  
R Kanchi ◽  
A Langford ◽  
A Rogers ◽  
S Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
The United States ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Review of Hearing Loss Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 019394592097640
Author(s):  
Maichou Lor ◽  
Sara Thao ◽  
Sara M. Misurelli
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The United States ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The purpose of this study is to synthesize the literature on hearing loss among racial/ethnic minorities in the United States. A scoping review of primary source articles from 1950 to 2019 was conducted across four databases—CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus—to identify peer-reviewed studies. Twenty-two research studies were included. Of the 22 studies, 19 were descriptive, and 3 were interventions. Among the 19 descriptive studies, five themes related to hearing loss were identified: hearing loss prevalence, accuracy of hearing loss assessment, hearing loss risk factors, access to hearing care, and attitudes toward hearing loss. The three interventional studies focused on measuring hearing loss prevalence and promoting access to hearing care. Findings from this scoping review highlight that hearing loss is prevalent in racial/ethnic minorities. More research is needed on how economic, cultural, and age-related factors may influence hearing outcomes for racial/ethnic minorities.

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Heart and Cerebrovascular Disease Deaths During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishi Wadhera ◽  
Jose F. Figueroa ◽  
Fatima Rodriguez ◽  
Michael Liu ◽  
Wei Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Hispanic White

Background: Cardiovascular deaths increased during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. However, it is unclear whether racial/ethnic minorities have experienced a disproportionate rise in heart disease and cerebrovascular disease deaths. Methods: We used the National Center for Health Statistics to identify heart disease and cerebrovascular disease deaths for non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian, and Hispanic individuals from March-August 2020 (pandemic period), as well as for the corresponding months in 2019 (historical control). We determined the age- and sex-standardized deaths per million by race/ethnicity for each year. We then fit a modified Poisson model with robust standard errors to compare change in deaths by race/ethnicity for each condition in 2020 vs. 2019. Results: There were a total of 339,076 heart disease and 76,767 cerebrovascular disease deaths from March through August 2020, compared to 321,218 and 72,190 deaths during the same months in 2019. Heart disease deaths increased during the pandemic in 2020, compared with the corresponding period in 2019, for non-Hispanic White (age-sex standardized deaths per million, 1234.2 vs. 1208.7; risk ratio for death [RR] 1.02, 95% CI 1.02-1.03), non-Hispanic Black (1783.7 vs. 1503.8; RR 1.19, 1.17-1.20), non-Hispanic Asian (685.7 vs. 577.4; RR 1.19, 1.15-1.22), and Hispanic (968.5 vs. 820.4, RR 1.18, 1.16-1.20) populations. Cerebrovascular disease deaths also increased for non-Hispanic White (268.7 vs. 258.2; RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03-1.05), non-Hispanic Black (430.7 vs. 379.7; RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.10-1.17), non-Hispanic Asian (236.5 vs. 207.4; RR 1.15, 1.09-1.21), and Hispanic (264.4 vs. 235.9; RR 1.12, 1.08-1.16) populations. For both heart disease and cerebrovascular disease deaths, each racial and ethnic minority group experienced a larger relative increase in deaths than the non-Hispanic White population (interaction term, p<0.001). Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic in the US, Black, Hispanic, and Asian populations experienced a disproportionate rise in deaths due to heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, suggesting that racial/ethnic minorities have been most impacted by the indirect effects of the pandemic. Public health and policy strategies are needed to mitigate the short- and long-term adverse effects of the pandemic on the cardiovascular health of minority populations.

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