scholarly journals The Contributions of Selected Diseases to Disparities in Death Rates and Years of Life Lost for Racial/Ethnic Minorities in the United States, 1999–2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Howard ◽  
Frederick Peace ◽  
Virginia J. Howard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals Preventable Cancer Burden Associated With Poor Diet in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Fang Zhang ◽  
Frederick Cudhea ◽  
Zhilei Shan ◽  
Dominique S Michaud ◽  
Fumiaki Imamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cancer Burden ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Background Diet is an important risk factor for cancer that is amenable to intervention. Estimating the cancer burden associated with diet informs evidence-based priorities for nutrition policies to reduce cancer burden in the United States. Methods Using a comparative risk assessment model that incorporated nationally representative data on dietary intake, national cancer incidence, and estimated associations of diet with cancer risk from meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies, we estimated the annual number and proportion of new cancer cases attributable to suboptimal intakes of seven dietary factors among US adults ages 20 years or older, and by population subgroups. Results An estimated 80 110 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] = 76 316 to 83 657) new cancer cases were attributable to suboptimal diet, accounting for 5.2% (95% UI = 5.0% to 5.5%) of all new cancer cases in 2015. Of these, 67 488 (95% UI = 63 583 to 70 978) and 4.4% (95% UI = 4.2% to 4.6%) were attributable to direct associations and 12 589 (95% UI = 12 156 to 13 038) and 0.82% (95% UI = 0.79% to 0.85%) to obesity-mediated associations. By cancer type, colorectal cancer had the highest number and proportion of diet-related cases (n = 52 225, 38.3%). By diet, low consumption of whole grains (n = 27 763, 1.8%) and dairy products (n = 17 692, 1.2%) and high intake of processed meats (n = 14 524, 1.0%) contributed to the highest burden. Men, middle-aged (45–64 years) and racial/ethnic minorities (non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and others) had the highest proportion of diet-associated cancer burden than other age, sex, and race/ethnicity groups. Conclusions More than 80 000 new cancer cases are estimated to be associated with suboptimal diet among US adults in 2015, with middle-aged men and racial/ethnic minorities experiencing the largest proportion of diet-associated cancer burden in the United States.

scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Lost Earnings From Cancer Deaths in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingxuan Zhao ◽  
Kimberly D Miller ◽  
Farhad Islami ◽  
Zhiyuan Zheng ◽  
Xuesong Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Equal Access ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Background Little is known about disparities in economic burden due to premature cancer deaths by race or ethnicity in the United States. This study aimed to compare person-years of life lost (PYLLs) and lost earnings due to premature cancer deaths by race/ethnicity. Methods PYLLs were calculated using recent national cancer death and life expectancy data. PYLLs were combined with annual median earnings to generate lost earnings. We compared PYLLs and lost earnings among individuals who died at age 16-84 years due to cancer by racial/ethnic groups (non-Hispanic [NH] White, NH Black, NH Asian or Pacific Islander, and Hispanic). Results In 2015, PYLLs due to all premature cancer deaths were 6 512 810 for NH Whites, 1 196 709 for NH Blacks, 279 721 for NH Asian or Pacific Islanders, and 665 968 for Hispanics, translating to age-standardized lost earning rates (per 100 000 person-years) of $34.9 million, $43.5 million, $22.2 million, and $24.5 million, respectively. NH Blacks had higher age-standardized PYLL and lost earning rates than NH Whites for 13 of 19 selected cancer sites. If age-specific PYLL and lost earning rates for NH Blacks were the same as those of NH Whites, 241 334 PYLLs and $3.2 billion lost earnings (22.6% of the total lost earnings among NH Blacks) would have been avoided. Disparities were also observed for average PYLLs and lost earnings per cancer death for all cancers combined and 18 of 19 cancer sites. Conclusions Improving equal access to effective cancer prevention, screening, and treatment will be important in reducing the disproportional economic burden associated with racial/ethnic disparities.

scholarly journals “We Are Here to Assist All Individuals Who Need Hospice Services”: Hospices’ Perspectives on Improving Access and Inclusion for Racial/Ethnic Minorities

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 233372142092041 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Courtney Hughes ◽  
Erin Vernon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Native American ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Language Services ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background: Racial/ethnic minority populations in the United States are less likely to utilize hospice services nearing their end of life, potentially diminishing their quality of care while also increasing medical costs. Objective: Explore the minority hospice utilization gap from the hospice perspective by examining perceived barriers and facilitators as well as practices and policies. Method: Qualitative surveys were conducted with 41 hospices across the United States. Qualitative data analysis included performing a limited content analysis, including the identification of themes and representative quotations. Results: Commonly reported barriers to hospice care for racial/ethnic minorities included culture/beliefs, mistrust of the medical system, and language barriers. A major theme pertaining to successful minority hospice enrollment was an inclusive culture that provided language services, staff cultural training, and a diverse staff. Another major theme was the importance of community outreach activities that extended beyond the medical community and forming relationships with churches, racial/ethnic minority community leaders, and Native American reservations. Conclusion: The importance of incorporating a culture of inclusivity by forming committees, providing language services, and offering culturally competent care emerged in this qualitative study. Building strong external relationships with community groups such as churches is a strategy used to increase racial/ethnic minority utilization of hospice.

scholarly journals Differential Association of HIV Funding With HIV Mortality by Race/Ethnicity, United States, 1999-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 149S-157S
Author(s):  
Benedict I. Truman ◽  
Ramal Moonesinghe ◽  
Yolanda T. Brown ◽  
Man-Huei Chang ◽  
Jonathan H. Mermin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Black Residents ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Hiv Funding ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Hispanic White

Objective Federal funds have been spent to reduce the disproportionate effects of HIV/AIDS on racial/ethnic minority groups in the United States. We investigated the association between federal domestic HIV funding and age-adjusted HIV death rates by race/ethnicity in the United States during 1999-2017. Methods We analyzed HIV funding data from the Kaiser Family Foundation by federal fiscal year (FFY) and US age-adjusted death rates (AADRs) by race/ethnicity (Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Asian/Pacific Islander and American Indian/Alaska Native [API+AI/AN]) from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER detailed mortality files. We fit joinpoint regression models to estimate the annual percentage change (APC), average APC, and changes in AADRs per billion US dollars in HIV funding, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For 19 data points, the number of joinpoints ranged from 0 to 4 on the basis of rules set by the program or by the user. A Monte Carlo permutation test indicated significant ( P < .05) changes at joinpoints, and 2-sided t tests indicated significant APCs in AADRs. Results Domestic HIV funding increased from $10.7 billion in FFY 1999 to $26.3 billion in FFY 2017, but AADRs decreased at different rates for each racial/ethnic group. The average rate of change in AADR per US billion dollars was −9.4% (95% CI, −10.9% to −7.8%) for Hispanic residents, −7.8% (95% CI, −9.0% to −6.6%) for non-Hispanic black residents, −6.7% (95% CI, −9.3% to −4.0%) for non-Hispanic white residents, and −5.2% (95% CI, −7.8% to −2.5%) for non-Hispanic API+AI/AN residents. Conclusions Increased domestic HIV funding was associated with faster decreases in age-adjusted HIV death rates for Hispanic and non-Hispanic black residents than for residents in other racial/ethnic groups. Increasing US HIV funding could be associated with decreasing future racial/ethnic disparities in the rate of HIV-related deaths.

scholarly journals Is Culture More Important for Racial/Ethnic Minorities than for Whites? An Experiment and Survey on the Cultural (Mis)Attribution Bias Among College Students in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Causadias ◽  
Woochan Kwon ◽  
Christina Pedram ◽  
Kevin Michael Korous
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Psychological Dimension ◽  
Attribution Bias ◽  
Racial Ethnic

•Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the degree to which college students in the United States endorse the Cultural (Mis)Attribution Bias, the belief that culture matters more for racial/ethnic minorities than for Whites. We hypothesized that students will rate more favorably a sample of minorities for a homework assignment on culture (Hypothesis 1), more favorably a sample of Whites for an assignment on psychology (Hypothesis 2), will indicate that psychological processes are more influential in shaping the behavior of Whites (Hypothesis 3), that cultural processes are more influential in the behavior of minorities (Hypothesis 4), and will believe that other college students endorse these views (Hypothesis 5). We expected none of these effects to be moderated by participant’s race/ethnicity.•Methods: Convenience sample of college students (N = 798), 48% racial/ethnic minority, 66% female, Mage = 19.02. We conducted an experiment and survey with the same sample.•Results: We found support for Hypothesis 1, no support for Hypothesis 2, partial support for Hypothesis 3, support for Hypothesis 4, and partial support for Hypothesis 5. •Conclusions: These findings provide clear support to the “minorities are more cultural” dimension of this bias, but less support for the “Whites are more psychological” dimension. These findings have important implications, as they document that a sample of college students endorse this bias in ways that are both consistent and different to older, more educated, and less diverse faculty.

scholarly journals Changing Spatiotemporal Trends in County‐Level Heart Failure Death Rates in the United States, 1999 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam S. Vaughan ◽  
Mary G. George ◽  
Sandra L. Jackson ◽  
Linda Schieb ◽  
Michele Casper
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Local Context ◽  
County Level ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Spatiotemporal Trends ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background Amid recently rising heart failure (HF) death rates in the United States, we describe county‐level trends in HF mortality from 1999 to 2018 by racial/ethnic group and sex for ages 35 to 64 years and 65 years and older. Methods and Results Applying a hierarchical Bayesian model to National Vital Statistics data representing all US deaths, ages 35 years and older, we estimated annual age‐standardized county‐level HF death rates and percent change by age group, racial/ethnic group, and sex from 1999 through 2018. During 1999 to 2011, ~30% of counties experienced increasing HF death rates among adults ages 35 to 64 years. However, during 2011 to 2018, 86.9% (95% CI, 85.2–88.2) of counties experienced increasing mortality. Likewise, for ages 65 years and older, during 1999 to 2005 and 2005 to 2011, 27.8% (95% CI, 25.8–29.8) and 12.6% (95% CI, 11.2–13.9) of counties, respectively, experienced increasing mortality. However, during 2011 to 2018, most counties (67.4% [95% CI, 65.4–69.5]) experienced increasing mortality. These temporal patterns by age group held across racial/ethnic group and sex. Conclusions These results provide local context to previously documented recent national increases in HF death rates. Although county‐level declines were most common before 2011, some counties and demographic groups experienced increasing HF death rates during this period of national declines. However, recent county‐level increases were pervasive, occurring across counties, racial/ethnic group, and sex, particularly among ages 35 to 64 years. These spatiotemporal patterns highlight the need to identify and address underlying clinical risk factors and social determinants of health contributing to these increasing trends.

scholarly journals Association of Care at Minority-Serving vs Non–Minority-Serving Hospitals With Use of Palliative Care Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities With Metastatic Cancer in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e187633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander P. Cole ◽  
David-Dan Nguyen ◽  
Akezhan Meirkhanov ◽  
Mehra Golshan ◽  
Nelya Melnitchouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals 0756 SHORT SLEEP DURATION DRIVES ACCELERATED AGING IN THE UNITED STATES ESPECIALLY AMONG RACIAL/ETHNIC MINORITIES

SLEEP ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. A280-A280
Author(s):  
A Seixas ◽  
R Kanchi ◽  
A Langford ◽  
A Rogers ◽  
S Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
The United States ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Review of Hearing Loss Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 019394592097640
Author(s):  
Maichou Lor ◽  
Sara Thao ◽  
Sara M. Misurelli
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The United States ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The purpose of this study is to synthesize the literature on hearing loss among racial/ethnic minorities in the United States. A scoping review of primary source articles from 1950 to 2019 was conducted across four databases—CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus—to identify peer-reviewed studies. Twenty-two research studies were included. Of the 22 studies, 19 were descriptive, and 3 were interventions. Among the 19 descriptive studies, five themes related to hearing loss were identified: hearing loss prevalence, accuracy of hearing loss assessment, hearing loss risk factors, access to hearing care, and attitudes toward hearing loss. The three interventional studies focused on measuring hearing loss prevalence and promoting access to hearing care. Findings from this scoping review highlight that hearing loss is prevalent in racial/ethnic minorities. More research is needed on how economic, cultural, and age-related factors may influence hearing outcomes for racial/ethnic minorities.

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