Emotional Processing in Categorization: Understanding the Cognitive Structure of the Self

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Ditzfeld ◽  
Carolin J. Showers
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Cognitive Structure ◽  
The Self

scholarly journals Development and validation of the Interoceptive States Static Images (ISSI) database

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Biotti ◽  
Sarah Ahmad ◽  
Racquel Quinn ◽  
Rebecca Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Internal State ◽  
The Self ◽  
State Action ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Static Images ◽  
Category Variability ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
And Control

AbstractInternal bodily signals provide an essential function for human survival. Accurate recognition of such signals in the self, known as interoception, supports the maintenance of homeostasis, and is closely related to emotional processing, learning and decision-making, and mental health. While numerous studies have investigated interoception in the self, the recognition of these states in others has not been examined despite its crucial importance for successful social relationships. This paper presents the development and validation of the Interoceptive States Static Images (ISSI), introducing a validated database of 423 visual stimuli for the study of non-affective internal state recognition in others, freely available to other researchers. Actors were photographed expressing various exemplars of both interoceptive states and control actions. The images went through a two-stage validation procedure, the first involving free-labelling and the second using multiple choice labelling and quality rating scales. Five scores were calculated for each stimulus, providing information about the quality and specificity of the depiction, as well as the extent to which labels matched the intended state/action. Results demonstrated that control action stimuli were more recognisable than internal state stimuli. Inter-category variability was found for the internal states, with some states being more recognisable than others. Recommendations for the utilisation of ISSI stimuli are discussed. The stimulus set is freely available to researchers, alongside data concerning recognisability.

scholarly journals Self-bias and the emotionality of foreign languages

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lela Ivaz ◽  
Kim L Griffin ◽  
Jon Andoni Duñabeitia
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
The Self ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Bias Effect ◽  
Self Bias ◽  
Emotional Distance ◽  
Language Effects ◽  
Language Context

Foreign language contexts impose a relative psychological and emotional distance in bilinguals. In our previous studies, we demonstrated that the use of a foreign language changes the strength of the seemingly automatic emotional responses in the self-paradigm, showing a robust asymmetry in the self-bias effect in a native and a foreign language context. Namely, larger effects were found in the native language, suggesting an emotional blunting in the foreign language context. In the present study, we investigated the source of these effects by directly comparing whether they stem from a language’s foreignness versus its non-nativeness. We employed the same self-paradigm (a simple perceptual matching task of associating simple geometric shapes with the labels “you,” “friend,” and “other”), testing unbalanced Spanish–Basque–English trilinguals. We applied the paradigm to three language contexts: native, non-native but contextually present (i.e., non-native local), and non-native foreign. Results showed a smaller self-bias only in the foreign language pointing to the foreign-language-induced psychological/emotional distance as the necessary prerequisite for foreign language effects. Furthermore, we explored whether perceived emotional distance towards foreign languages in Spanish–English bilinguals modulates foreign language effects. Results suggest that none of the different indices of emotional distance towards the foreign language obtained via questionnaires modulated the self-biases in the foreign language contexts. Our results further elucidate the deeply rooted and automatic nature of foreign-language-driven differential emotional processing.

scholarly journals The Impact of Ruminative Processing on the Development of Intrusive Memories

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alishia D. Williams ◽  
Michelle L. Moulds
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Processing Condition ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Intrusive Memories ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDespite substantial evidence of the detrimental effects of ruminative self-focus, paradoxically (as noted and reviewed by Watkins, 2004) there are clear suggestions that under some circumstances self-focused attention can actually promote well-being and confer benefits. We sought to replicate the findings of Watkins (2004) that adopting an abstract/analytical mode of processing following a negative event results in increased spontaneous intrusions of the event; that is, results in poor emotional processing. In the current study 57 low (BDI-II ≤ 7) and 59 high (BDI-II ≥ 12) dysphoric undergraduate participants viewed a four minute emotion-eliciting video, were randomly assigned to an analytical, experiential, or distraction processing condition, then monitored the frequency of video-related intrusions. Results indicated the effectiveness of the video in inducing moderately distressing intrusions, and suggest that the hypothesised effects of ruminative self-focus on intrusion severity may be dependent upon the self-referential nature of the material to be processed. Results did support previous findings (Williams & Moulds, 2007) that intrusion-related distress is not merely a function of intrusion frequency. Directions for future investigations of the cognitive processes that are important in the maintenance of depressive disorders are discussed.

The autoperception of intelligence in group psychotherapy of paranoid patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1324-1324
Author(s):  
J. Nikolic-Popovic ◽  
S. Manojlovic
Keyword(s):  
Group Psychotherapy ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Cognitive Structure ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
False Image ◽  
And Behavior

Self-perception, as a part of self - concept, is a form of perception where the object being observed and the observer are one and the same. The self-concept is a cognitive structure and it mediates between social structures and behavior. In group psychotherapy, a therapist's interventions are focused on the replacement of a false paranoid identity (where the overestimation of one's own intelligence is part of the false image one has of himself) with a real one. Six psychotherapeutic groups of paranoid patients were studied. The methodological procedure known as the analysis of relations was used. It is a combination of the sociometric questionnaire and the test of social perception. The degree of appropriateness of auto-perception of intelligence is evaluated. The determination of the auto-perception of intelligence was carried out by comparing real ranks (from the real IQ) and the ascribed ranks (on the basis of the selected positions where the patient marked his own intelligence to be). The results for all the groups are consistent: there is a definitive (both in terms of the number and the degree) overestimation of one's own intelligence. It can be found at the basis of the paranoid pathology expression where we find the parallel nature of the projection of the introject of the aggressor and the introject of narcissistic superiority, partially incorporated into the unreal self concept. Psychotherapy at this level of solidly fixated conceptual categorization with a “falsification” of perceptual data is of crucial importance for the “dissolution” of the paranoid state.

The Self-Organization of Cognitive Structure

2010 ◽  
pp. 343-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Dixon ◽  
Damian G. Stephen ◽  
Rebecca Boncoddo ◽  
Jason Anastas
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Structure ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization

scholarly journals Using Self-Organizing Neural Network Map Combined with Ward’s Clustering Algorithm for Visualization of Students’ Cognitive Structural Models about Aliveness Concept

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurettin Yorek ◽  
Ilker Ugulu ◽  
Halil Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Cognitive Structure ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Visualization Method ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Self Organizing

We propose an approach to clustering and visualization of students’ cognitive structural models. We use the self-organizing map (SOM) combined with Ward’s clustering to conduct cluster analysis. In the study carried out on 100 subjects, a conceptual understanding test consisting of open-ended questions was used as a data collection tool. The results of analyses indicated that students constructed the aliveness concept by associating it predominantly with human. Motion appeared as the most frequently associated term with the aliveness concept. The results suggest that the aliveness concept has been constructed using anthropocentric and animistic cognitive structures. In the next step, we used the data obtained from the conceptual understanding test for training the SOM. Consequently, we propose a visualization method about cognitive structure of the aliveness concept.

Investigating vulnerability to eating disorders: biases in emotional processing

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pringle ◽  
C. J. Harmer ◽  
M. J. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
The Self ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Self Schema ◽  
Eat 26

BackgroundBiases in emotional processing and cognitions about the self are thought to play a role in the maintenance of eating disorders (EDs). However, little is known about whether these difficulties exist pre-morbidly and how they might contribute to risk.MethodFemale dieters (n=82) completed a battery of tasks designed to assess the processing of social cues (facial emotion recognition), cognitions about the self [Self-Schema Processing Task (SSPT)] and ED-specific cognitions about eating, weight and shape (emotional Stroop). The 26-item Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26; Garner et al.1982) was used to assess subclinical ED symptoms; this was used as an index of vulnerability within this at-risk group.ResultsRegression analyses showed that biases in the processing of both neutral and angry faces were predictive of our measure of vulnerability (EAT-26). In the self-schema task, biases in the processing of negative self descriptors previously found to be common in EDs predicted vulnerability. Biases in the processing of shape-related words on the Stroop task were also predictive; however, these biases were more important in dieters who also displayed biases in the self-schema task. We were also able to demonstrate that these biases are specific and separable from more general negative biases that could be attributed to depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThese results suggest that specific biases in the processing of social cues, cognitions about the self, and also about eating, weight and shape information, may be important in understanding risk and preventing relapse in EDs.

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