Shame and interpersonal sensitivity: Gender differences and the association between internalized shame coping strategies and interpersonal sensitivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus B. T. Nyström ◽  
Emilie Kjellberg ◽  
Ulrica Heimdahl ◽  
Bert Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Interpersonal Sensitivity ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Internalized Shame ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

The present study investigated gender differences in interpersonal sensitivity and internalized shame coping strategies in 252 undergraduate students. To measure interpersonal sensitivity and shame coping strategies, the self-assessment forms Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure and Compass of Shame Scale were used. The analyses revealed that compared to men, women display interpersonal sensitivity to a higher degree, and they use internalized shame coping strategies to a greater extent. The results also showed that interpersonal sensitivity is highly correlated with shame coping strategies. However, in contrast to earlier research, no gender difference was found, and gender did not significantly mediate the association between interpersonal sensitivity and internalized shame coping. These results could aid clinicians and researchers in promoting, designing, delivering, and evaluating treatments for patients with, for example, depression, anxiety, and interpersonal and/or relational problems.

scholarly journals Gender differences in perceived stress and coping among college students

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255634
Author(s):  
B. Sue Graves ◽  
Michael E. Hall ◽  
Carolyn Dias-Karch ◽  
Michael H. Haischer ◽  
Christine Apter
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Work Lives ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Coping

Background Many college students register each semester for courses, leading to productive careers and fulfilled lives. During this time, the students have to manage many stressors stemming from academic, personal, and, sometimes, work lives. Students, who lack appropriate stress management skills, may find it difficult to balance these responsibilities. Objectives This study examined stress, coping mechanisms, and gender differences in undergraduate students towards the end of the semester. Design and method University students (n = 448) enrolled in three different undergraduate exercise science courses were assessed. Two instruments, the Perceived Stress Scale and Brief Cope, were administered during the twelfth week of the semester, four weeks prior to final exams. T-tests were used to detect gender differences for the stress levels and coping strategies. Results Overall, females indicated higher levels of stress than their male counterparts. Gender differences were evident in both coping dimensions and individual coping strategies used. Females were found to utilize the emotion-focused coping dimension and endorsed the use of four coping strategies more often than males. These included self-distraction, emotional support, instrumental support, and venting. Conclusions This research adds to the existing literature by illuminating the level of perceived stress and different coping strategies used by undergraduate female and male students. In turn, students may need educational interventions to develop effective and healthy coping strategies to last a lifetime. Faculty and other university officials may want to highlight and understand these various factors to protect the students’ wellbeing in their classes.

Student self-assessment of oral explanations: Use of language learning progressions

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despina P. Goral ◽  
Alison L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Elementary Students ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
The Self ◽  
Learning Progressions ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Assessment Activity ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
And Gender

Students’ self-assessment of language features in their oral explanations of a mathematics task was supported by language learning progressions. Learning progressions map a continuum of knowledge or skills development as they increase in sophistication over time. Learning progressions can be a framework to support formative assessment by both teachers and students. Fifty-eight predominantly English-speaking US elementary students used language learning progressions to complete their self-assessment of either discourse stamina or vocabulary usage in the elicited oral explanations. Students were guided through a four-step, highly scaffolded self-assessment protocol that was analyzed for (1) concordance with researcher placements of their explanations on the progressions, and (2) student commentary on their own placements. Overall, 50% of the students self-assessed in accordance with researchers’ independent placement of their explanations on the progressions. However, significant grade-level and gender differences in concordance were found. Results were consistent with prior research findings that upper-elementary students’ self-assessments are more aligned with external measures than are younger students’ self-assessments (e.g., Butler & Lee, 2006). However, even the youngest students in the current study were able to complete the self-assessment activity, if not always with the same degree of concordance. Successful participation may be attributable to the format, scaffolding, and contextualization of the self-assessment activity with its use of language learning progressions. Also consistent with prior research, girls were more likely to agree with researchers’ placements than boys. Student self-assessment differed by the two language features. Most students found the self-assessment activity to be a useful learning experience. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Gender differences in the self-assessment of surgical residents

2005 ◽  
Vol 189 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Minter ◽  
Larry D. Gruppen ◽  
Kelly S. Napolitano ◽  
Paul G. Gauger
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Surgical Residents

scholarly journals Gender as Embedded Social Cognition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Diekman ◽  
Toni Schmader
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The Self ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Categories ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Gendered Expectations

We examine gender as a cultural construct enacted through social cognitive processes that are embedded within the self, social interactions, and societal institutions. The embeddedness perspective elaborates how the binary gender categorization can create quite real gendered outcomes and experiences even if gender differences are not biologically essential. These categories take on a reality outside of the mind of perceivers because the meanings attached to gender categories are shared by others in the culture, enacted in social interactions, internalized into self-views, and maintained by social systems. Societal institutions explicitly and implicitly organize around gender, producing gendered norms, roles, and expectations. These norms, roles, and expectations shape the nature of interpersonal interactions both within and across gender lines and an individual’s self-selected experiences. Critically, these social interactions and personal choices in turn create behavioral and cognitive confirmation of the gendered expectations of others. Gendered expectations and experiences become internalized into the self, including one’s own self-concept and gender identity. We close by examining implications of this perspective for gender differences and similarities in social cognition, as well as malleability and stability in gender cognitions and outcomes.

scholarly journals Construcción colaborativa de una e-rúbrica para la autoevaluación formativa en estudios universitarios de pedagogía

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanesa María Gámiz Sánchez ◽  
Norma Torres Hernández ◽  
María Jesús Gallego Arrufat
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Collaborative Process ◽  
Education Professionals ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Final Questionnaire ◽  
The Subject

<p>Este artículo presenta un estudio sobre la construcción de e-rúbricas para la autoevaluación. Las rúbricas, como instrumento de autoevaluación, permiten la reflexión, aportan al estudiante una mayor implicación en su aprendizaje y un mayor grado de conciencia de sus propios logros. En este caso, se logró la colaboración del estudiante desde el mismo momento del diseño y creación de la rúbrica a través de un proceso de construcción colaborativa donde participaron estudiantes y profesorado. La investigación1 se realizó con estudiantes del grado de Pedagogía de la Universidad de Granada que cursaron una materia optativa de tercer curso de la titulación. Se desarrolló en varias etapas sucesivas durante un cuatrimestre: la formación para el uso de rúbricas electrónicas, el diseño y construcción de las e-rúbricas, la utilización de las e-rúbricas elaboradas como instrumento de autoevaluación y la aplicación de un cuestionario a las estudiantes participantes para conocer sus opiniones y valoración sobre el uso de la e-rúbrica. Es importante considerar que cuando se evalúa con herramientas innovadoras es fundamental que los alumnos no sólo conozcan el instrumento, sino que se les forme e informe sobre el potencial e importancia que este tiene para la mejora de sus aprendizajes y, lo más importante, lo usen y lo incorporen a sus propias prácticas evaluadoras. Como resultado principal, las estudiantes destacaron la importancia de la rúbrica para guiar y reflexionar sobre su aprendizaje y su capacidad para predecir sus resultados en la asignatura.</p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Building a collaborative e-rubric for educational self-assessment in degree of pedagogy.</strong></p><p>This paper is focused on the self-assessment trough e-rubrics. Rubrics as an instrument of self-assessment involve a process of reflection that can contribute to increase the involvement and awareness of their own achievements. Here we wanted to engage students from the design and creation of rubric through a collaborative process of building an e-rubric by the students and the teacher. In this study, undergraduate students of Pedagogy participated in an elective subject in their third year. It was developed in several stages in a semester: training for using e-rubrics, designing and construction of e-rubrics, using the e-rubric as a tool for self-assessment and filling a final questionnaire to collect their views. It’s important to consider that when we work with innovative strategies of assessment, students have to know not only the features of the instrument but also they have to know the influence to improve their learning processes and they have to achieve the ability to incorporate it to their own skills as education professionals. As main result, students highlighted the importance of rubrics to guide their learning processes and to reflect about it and the capacity of rubric to predict their performance in the subject.</p>

scholarly journals Reflexive self-assessment of competencies by teachers and bachelor-students

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (118) ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
Elena V. Karpova ◽  
◽  
Anna V. Nevzorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Student Teachers ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
The Self ◽  
Professional Competencies ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Certification Procedure ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Assessment Of Competencies

The article presents theoretical and empirical materials devoted to the urgent problem of justification and implementation of the competence approach in pedagogical education. The most important component of the methodology of the competence approach is a reasonable assessment of the degree of formation of the main competencies of professional activity, including pedagogical activity. In addition, the assessment of competencies is also an important component of the teacher certification procedure. Of particular importance in this case there is the self-assessment of competencies: the teacher’s idea of the extent to which he has formed certain competencies. The study of this issue is relevant, first of all, in practical terms. The article presents and interprets the results of a comparative study of reflexive self-assessment of competencies by bachelor-students and teachers. The analysis of modern foreign and domestic approaches to the assessment and selfassessment of professional competencies is given, and their differences are characterized. It is shown, in particular, that individual aspects of pedagogical activity are mainly evaluated abroad, there is no integral characteristic of the teacher’s work, and the criteria for evaluating competencies are not clearly defined. Russian education is characterized by a comprehensive and multi-stage assessment of the teacher’s activity, taking into account the indicators of self-assessment of professional achievements and self-assessment of the formation of professional competencies. An empirical study has established that the self-assessment of competencies by both students and teachers is on average and below average levels. In addition, there is a very pronounced similarity in the self-assessment of competencies by third- and fourthyear undergraduate students. So, they both overestimate the competence in providing the information basis of teaching and competence of area of personal qualities and also have a low opinion of the competence of motivating learners to undertake learning activity. A new scientific fact was obtained and interpreted, which is that, contrary to the traditional opinion: not only students, but also professional teachers have a poorly differentiated view of the structure of their activity. As a result, their self-assessment of the degree of formation of the activity components and, accordingly, the main competencies of pedagogical activity is also poorly differentiated, generalized and in some cases syncretic. Therefore, an important direction for improving the training of student-teachers is the formation of correct and complete ideas about the psychological content and structural organization of their professional activity, as well as its main components.

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