An evaluation of the construct of earned security in adolescents: Evidence from an inpatient sample

2015 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Venta ◽  
Carla Sharp ◽  
Yael Shmueli-Goetz ◽  
Elizabeth Newlin
Keyword(s):  
Earned Security

Relations between Attachment, Resilience, and Earned Security in Japanese University Students

2014 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Shibue ◽  
Makiko Kasai
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Internal Working Model ◽  
Japanese University ◽  
Internal Working ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Earned Security ◽  
Positive Correlations

This study investigated the relations between attachment, resilience, and earned security in Japanese university students. It was hypothesized that resilience would have a positive relationship with attachment and that people who had an insecure attachment style but high resilience would also have high earned security. An earned security scale was developed, based on the Naikan thought scale and attachment theory. The earned-security scales, a resilience scale, and an internal working model scale were administered to 343 university students. Three trends were apparent: (1) positive correlations between secure attachment scores and resilience scores; (2) negative correlations between insecure ambivalent attachment scores and resilience scores, but people classified in the ambivalent attachment cluster and high resilience group had higher earned security; and (3) avoidant attachment scores had negligible correlations with resilience and earned security.

Earned- and continuous-security in adult attachment: Relation to depressive symptomatology and parenting style

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane L. Pearson ◽  
Deborah A. Cohn ◽  
Philip A. Cowan ◽  
Carolyn Pape Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Adult Attachment Interview ◽  
Model Classification ◽  
Working Models ◽  
Working Model ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
Earned Security ◽  
Early Relationships

AbstractThe secure working model classification of adult attachment, as derived from Main and Goldwyn's (in press) Adult Attachment Interview scoring system, was considered in terms of earned-security and continuous-security. Earned-security was a classification given to adults who described difficult, early relationships with parents, but who also had current secure working models as indicated by high coherency scores; continuous-security referred to a classification in which individuals described secure early attachment relationship with parents and current secure working models. Working models of attachment were classified as earned-secure, continuous-secure, or insecure in a sample of 40 parents of preschool children. Comparisons among the classifications were conducted on a measure of depressive symptoms and two sets of ratings of observed parenting styles. Adults with earned-secure classifications had comparable depressive symptomatology to insecures, with 30% of the insecures, 40% of the earned-secures, and only 10% of the continuous-secures having scores exceeding the clinical cut-off. The rate of depressive symptomatology in the earned-secure group suggests that reconstructions of past difficulties may remain emotional liabilities despite a current secure working model. With regard to parenting styles with their preschoolers, the behavior of earned-secure parents was comparable to that of the continuous-secures. This refinement in conceptualizing secure working models suggests ways for understanding variation in pathways to competent parenting as well as a possible perspective on how adults' adverse early experiences may continue to place them and their children at risk.

Earned security, daily stress, and parenting: A comparison of five alternative models

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUNE LICHTENSTEIN PHELPS ◽  
JAY BELSKY ◽  
KEITH CRNIC
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Practices ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Adult Attachment Interview ◽  
Daily Hassles ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
Earned Security ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Intergenerational Cycle

Research suggests that adults who have developed a coherent perspective on their negative, early attachment relationships (i.e., earned secures) do not reenact poor parenting practices with their own children. However, no studies have addressed whether earned secures maintain positive parenting under the pressures of aversive environmental conditions. This study tested five alternative models that predict how earned secures parent under low and high stress in comparison to adults who had a positive upbringing (i.e., continuous secures) and adults who have an incoherent perspective on a troubled childhood (i.e., insecures). Only if earned secures exhibit effective caregiving under high stress, in comparison to the other security groups, can it be assumed that they have broken the intergenerational cycle of poor parenting. The Adult Attachment Interview was used to classify 97 mothers as earned secure, continuous secure, and insecure. Home observations of parenting and maternal self-reports of daily hassles (our stress measure) were obtained when children were 27 months old. Planned comparisons revealed that the diathesis-stress/incoherent present state of mind model most accurately predicted parenting. Thus, under high stress, the earned secures parented equivalently to the continuous secures and more positively than the insecures; under low stress no group differences were obtained. These findings indicate that in a normative sample earned secures break the intergenerational cycle and exhibit resilient parenting even under high stress conditions.

Religious Healing Experiences and Earned Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 487-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Rodriguez Nygaard ◽  
Anne Austad ◽  
Tormod Kleiven ◽  
Elisabeth Mæland
Keyword(s):  
Religious Healing ◽  
Earned Security

Earned-Security Scale

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Shibue ◽  
Makiko Kasai
Keyword(s):  
Earned Security

Pathways to earned-security: The role of alternative support figures

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Saunders ◽  
Deborah Jacobvitz ◽  
Maria Zaccagnino ◽  
Lauren M. Beverung ◽  
Nancy Hazen
Keyword(s):  
Earned Security
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