Lubricating Oils Evaluation of Dispersancy Capacity of Lubricating Oils and the Impact of Biofuels on Lubricant Dispersancy

2012 ◽  
pp. 126-126-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Abellaneda ◽  
Didier Pigeon
Keyword(s):  
Lubricating Oils ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Ecological and Health Effects of Lubricant Oils Emitted into the Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 3002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Nowak ◽  
Karolina Kucharska ◽  
Marian Kamiński
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Lubricating Oils ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Petroleum Origin ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cutting System ◽  
Petroleum Oil

Lubricating oils used in machines with an open cutting system, such as a saw or harvester, are applied in forest areas, gardening, in the household, and in urban greenery. During the operation of the device with an open cutting system, the lubricating oil is emitted into the environment. Therefore, the use of an oil base and refining additives of petroleum origin in the content of lubricants is associated with a negative impact on health and the environment. The current legal regulations concerning lubricants applicable in the European Union (EU) assess the degree of biodegradability. Legislation permits the use of biodegradable oils at 60% for a period of 28 days. This means that, in practice, lubricating oil considered to be biodegradable can contain up to 50% of the so-called petroleum oil base. The paper aims to draw public attention to the need to reduce the toxicity and harmful effects, due to their composition, of lubricating oils emitted into the environment on health. The authors discuss the impact of petroleum oil lubricants on soils, groundwater, vegetation, and animals, and the impact of petroleum-origin oil mist on health. An overview of test methods for the biodegradability of lubricating oils is presented, including the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 301 A–F, 310, and 302 A–D tests, as well as their standard equivalents. The current legal regulations regarding the use and control of lubricating oils emitted into the environment are discussed. Legal provisions are divided according to their area of application. Key issues regarding the biodegradability and toxicity of petroleum fractions in lubricating oils are also addressed. It is concluded that lubricating oils, emitted or potentially emitted into the environment, should contain only biodegradable ingredients in order to eliminate the negative impact on both the environment and health. Total biodegradability should be confirmed by widely applied tests. Therefore, a need to develop and implement low-cost and simple control procedures for each type of lubricating oil, ensuring the possibility of an indisputable conclusion about the presence and total absence of petroleum-derived components in oil, as well as the content of natural ingredients, occurs.

TRENDS IN THE PROCESS OF GREENING LUBRICANTS

Tribologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 290 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Wiesław ZWIERZYCKI ◽  
Kasper GÓRNY
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Technological Medium ◽  
Lubricating Oils ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Exchange Program ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Global Exchange ◽  
The Impact

In this article, the authors have characterized the main activities that reduce the impact of lubricants on the environment. To begin with, new solutions in the area of engine oils that reduce the emission of harmful substances in exhaust gases (“Low SAPS” oils) were discussed. Next, the activities concerning the improvement of biodegradability of lubricating oils used in devices in Nature Reserves, as well as in all of the “open lubrication systems” were characterized. Another problem was related to the non-toxicity (and other derivative features) of lubricants that may have incidental contact with a sensitive technological medium in production processes (in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries). The last issue that was discussed concerns the compatibility of compressor oils with refrigerants in connection with the global exchange program of Freon for more environmentally friendly substances (currently, mainly affecting global warming to a lesser extent).

AN ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF CARBON NANOPARTICLES ADDITIVE ON SELECTED PROPERTIES OF LUBRICATING OILS

Tribologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 296 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Marcin Frycz ◽  
Mateusz Labuda
Keyword(s):  
Ignition Temperature ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Viscosity Coefficient ◽  
Automatic Apparatus ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oils ◽  
The Impact ◽  
C60 Fullerenes ◽  
Mineral Base

This paper presents the results of an analysis of the influence of the addition of various types of carbon nanoparticles on selected essential physical and operational properties of lubricating oils. Two selected oils, i.e. the mineral base oil without additives and the typical marine lubricating circulating oil Marinol RG 1240, were modified with the addition of shungite nanoparticles, graphite nanotubes, and C60 fullerenes. The mass fraction of modifiers was 0.2% wt for each of the additives. As part of the experimental tests, measurements were made of the impact of the above-mentioned modifiers on the change in the value of the ignition temperature of oils, the effect on the changes in the value of the dynamic viscosity coefficient in the aspect of changes of temperature and shear rate, as well as the impact on the changes in the friction coefficient and the size of the wear size scar. These tests were carried out on an EraFlash automatic apparatus for determining ignition temperature using the closed cup method, with a Haake Mars III research rheometer, and a T-02U tribometer with a four-ball head.

The rheology of oils during impact I. Mineral oils

1970 ◽  
Vol 316 (1526) ◽  
pp. 391-413 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Good Description ◽  
Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Impulsive Load ◽  
Lubricating Oils ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Coefficient Of Viscosity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Initial Viscosity

An apparatus has been constructed to subject a film of oil to high transient stresses and rates of shear by applying an impulsive load. The apparatus makes it possible to derive the values of the instantaneous viscosity of the oil through out the duration of the impact and to detect whether the oil exhibits viscoelastic behaviour in these conditions. Typical mineral lubricating oils do not exhibit elastic properties in the apparatus and their behaviour is explicable on the assumption that the viscosity depends on pressure and temperature in the manner observed in the usual types of viscometer. However, when only elementary calculations are made the viscosity appears to be abnormally low. To explain the behaviour adequately, it is necessary to consider the viscosity of the lubricant not only with respect to temperature and pressure but also from place to place and instant to instant through out the impact. When this is done, the theory provides a good description of the behaviour of the system up to the point at which the pressures cause significant deformation of the plates containing the oil film. Two other oils, each having an initial viscosity and pressure coefficient of viscosity well above the range of typical lubricating oils, have been observed to exhibit anomalous behaviour. The evidence is consistent with the supposition that they behave viscoelastically but further work would be required to prove the point.

scholarly journals Optymalizacja warunków oznaczania wody metodą miareczkowania kulometrycznego z odparowaniem dla olejów smarowych

Nafta-Gaz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 480-489
Author(s):  
Sylwia Jędrychowska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Furnace Temperature ◽  
Sample Weight ◽  
Heating Chamber ◽  
Carrier Gas ◽  
Lubricating Oils ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Carrier Gas Flow ◽  
Selection Of

The knowledge of the water content of various petroleum products, including lubricating oils, additives and various innovative products, is important from the point of view of manufacturing, purchasing or selling them, due to the impact on their quality and performance characteristics. In the case of lubricating oils, the presence of water can lead to premature corrosion and wear, the formation of deposits, which leads to reduced lubrication and premature clogging of filters, reduced action of additives or undesirable bacterial growth. The article presents the study on the selection of optimal conditions for the determination of water content by coulometric Karl-Fischer titration with evaporation in lubricating oils. The tests were carried out using a coulometer with a titration cell without a diaphragm by Metrohm, 917 Coulometer model with an automatic sample feeder equipped with a heating chamber 885 Compact Oven Sample Changer. Various types of lubricating oils were selected for testing, namely engine oils of different viscosity classes (5W/40, 10W/40, 15W/40, 5W/30), gear oil, hydraulic oil, turbine oil, base oil and hydraulic fluid. All selected samples of lubricating oils were tested in four different measuring conditions: 110°C and 20 ml/min; 150°C and 50 ml/min, 180°C and 50 ml/min and 150°C and 70 ml/min. It was found that for all the lubricating oils, the best results were obtained with a furnace temperature setting of 150°C and a carrier gas flow of 50 ml/min or 70 ml/min. The influence of various factors, such as the sample weight, the furnace temperature, the carrier gas flow velocity on the test course and the analysis speed, was determined. Increased carrier gas flow of up to 70 ml/min does not shorten the analysis time. In some cases, an increase in the oven temperature may speed up the analysis, but this is quite risky for some samples that decompose at given temperature. It is therefore safer to conduct the test at an oven temperature of 150°C. The speed of analysis is most influenced by an appropriate selection of the sample quantity under analysis. Depending on the water content in the tested sample, the appropriate sample weight should be selected. It should be small enough not to excessively extend the analysis, but also large enough that the amount of titrated water is at least twice as large as in the blank.

Lubricating Oils Evaluation of Dispersancy Capacity of Lubricating Oils and the Impact of Biofuels on Lubricant Dispersancy

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 103614
Author(s):  
Gerard Abellaneda ◽  
Didier Pigeon ◽  
A. Toms ◽  
S. W. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Lubricating Oils ◽  
The Impact

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

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