Sub-Surface Initiated Rolling Contact Fatigue—Influence of Non-Metallic Inclusions, Processing History, and Operating Conditions

2010 ◽  
pp. 81-81-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thore B. Lund
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Processing History

A Rolling Contact Fatigue Reliability Evaluation Method and its Application to a Slewing Bearing

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao Xue Hai ◽  
Huang Xiao Diao ◽  
Hong Rong Jing ◽  
Wang Hua ◽  
Chen Jie
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Oscillation Amplitude ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Fatigue Reliability ◽  
Stochastic Behavior ◽  
Slewing Bearing

Rolling contact fatigue (RCF) corresponds to the formation of the first spall, which is a stochastic behavior; therefore, the RCF life should be reliably calculated. A method for evaluating RCF reliability was developed based on the Lundberg-Palmgren theory and ISO 281. The method took into consideration the contact load, the geometric parameters of contact pairs, the oscillation amplitude, the RCF reliability and the material properties. Because the method was derived from a widely accepted theory and empirical standards, it can be used for engineering applications. Finally, the RCF reliability of a slewing bearing under complex operating conditions was determined using the developed method.

New Methodology to Evaluate the Rolling Contact Fatigue Performance of Bearing Steels With Surface Dents: Application to 32CrMoV13 (Nitrided) and M50 Steels

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Nélias ◽  
C. Jacq ◽  
G. Lormand ◽  
G. Dudragne ◽  
A. Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Normal Load ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Damage Initiation ◽  
Bearing Steels ◽  
Improved Performance

A new methodology is proposed to evaluate the rolling contact fatigue (RCF) performance of bearing steels in presence of surface dents. The experimental procedure consists of denting the raceway of test specimens with a hardness machine using spherical diamond tips of different radii (i.e., 200, 400, and 600μm) and with an applied normal load ranging from 5to50daN. Analysis of various dent geometries yield an analytical law with five parameters useful for fitting experimental profiles for contact simulation. Fatigue tests are conducted using a two-disk machine to study the effect of different operating conditions on RCF and to compare the performances of nitrided 32CrMoV13 steel versus M50 reference steel. A numerical investigation is conducted to analyze experimental result. Initially, the local residual stresses and plastic strains around the dent are obtained through finite element simulations of the indentation process. Second, the overrolling of the dent is simulated with a contact code. Finally, an indent-based endurance limit, called H1I, is proposed and comparisons are made with test results. Both RCF tests and numerical simulations show improved performance with nitrided 32CrMoV13 steel when compared to the M50 reference steel. The dominating role of sliding is also experimentally highlighted and two areas of damage initiation are identified. The effects of normal load and hoop stress are less marked.

Paper 10: Metallurgical Aspects of Rolling Contact Fatigue

1966 ◽  
Vol 181 (15) ◽  
pp. 94-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Scott ◽  
B. Loy ◽  
G. H. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Surface Material ◽  
Dominant Effect ◽  
Dominant Mechanism ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Catastrophic Fracture ◽  
Mechanism Of Failure

Metallurgical investigations aided by electron microscopy and associated techniques have been carried out on failed test specimens and bearings from service, to obtain information of use in the elucidation of the mechanisms of failure. Investigations have revealed that cracks initiating rolling contact fatigue can start at the surface and spread into the material, or start below the surface and spread outwards, the more dominant mechanism depending upon prevailing circumstances. Metallographic changes in surface material owing to rolling and sliding action, and subsurface microstructural changes at depths associated with the region of maximum Hertzian shearing stress can influence the mechanism of failure. Environment can affect the rate of crack propagation and mode of fracture; hydrogen embrittlement can be a contributory factor in catastrophic fracture, and non-metallic inclusions can have a dominant effect on the incidence of failure.

Rolling Contact Fatigue of Hot-Forged Steels out of Prealloyed Powders and Powder Blend

2007 ◽  
Vol 534-536 ◽  
pp. 709-712
Author(s):  
Vladimir Dorofeyev ◽  
Anna Sviridova
Keyword(s):  
Thermomechanical Treatment ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Hot Forging ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Metastable Austenite ◽  
Practical Utilization ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Optimal Values

Powder forging is used for heavy-loaded parts (rings of rolling-contact bearings, gears etc.) production. Rolling contact fatigue is material property values of which characterize possibility of practical utilization of such parts. Rolling contact fatigue of some steels obtained out of prealloyed powders Astaloy CrM, Atomet 4601, Atomet 4901 and powder blends iron-carbon-nickel by hot forging is studied in the present paper. Effect of various kinds of heat and thermomechanical treatment on rolling contact fatigue is determined. Thermomechanical treatment provides optimal values of rolling contact fatigue. In this case steel structure contains up to 40% of retained metastable austenite which is transformed to martensite on trials. Thus typically crack is generated on residual pores and non-metallic inclusions instead of martensite zones in wrought steels.

Influence of Solid Contaminants on the Fatigue Life of Lubricated Machine Elements

2006 ◽  
Vol 220 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Ville ◽  
S Coulon ◽  
A. A. Lubrecht
Keyword(s):  
Surface Defect ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Damage Initiation ◽  
Process Creation ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Machine Elements

Solid contamination of lubricants is one of the main causes of premature rolling contact fatigue of machine elements (e.g. rolling element bearings in automotive gearboxes). Understanding the indentation process (creation of surface defect by debris passing through the contact) and the surface damage initiation allows the prediction of the induced risk. This article summarizes the work of the authors and proposes a risk prediction on the basis of operating conditions and dent geometry.

scholarly journals Modelling of Frictional Conditions in the Wheel–Rail Interface Due to Application of Top-of-Rail Products

Lubricants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Gerald Trummer ◽  
Zing Siang Lee ◽  
Roger Lewis ◽  
Klaus Six
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Application Site ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

The coefficient of friction between a wheel tread and the top of the rail should be maintained at intermediate levels to limit frictional tangential contact forces. This can be achieved by applying top-of-rail products. Reducing the coefficient of friction to intermediate levels reduces energy consumption and fuel costs, as well as damage to the wheel and rail surfaces, such as, e.g., wear, rolling contact fatigue, and corrugation. This work describes a simulation model that predicts the evolution of the coefficient of friction as a function of the number of wheel passes and the distance from the application site for wayside application of top-of-rail products. The model considers the interplay of three mechanisms, namely the pick-up of product by the wheel at the application site, the repeated transfer of the product between the wheel and rail surfaces, and the product consumption. The model has been parameterized with data from small-scale twin disc rig experiments and full-scale wheel–rail rig experiments. Systematic investigations of the model behaviour for a railway operating scenario show that all three mechanisms may limit the achievable carry-on distance of the product. The developed simulation model assists in understanding the interplay of the mechanisms that govern the evolution of the coefficient of friction in the field. It may aid in finding optimal product application strategies with respect to application position, application amount, and application pattern depending on specific railway operating conditions.

A New Approach for Rolling Contact Fatigue Numerical Study. Application to a Brittle Epoxy Resin

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Francisco ◽  
Houssein Abbouchi ◽  
Bernard Villechaise
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Tangential Load ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
New Approach

The background of the present study is the rolling contact fatigue (RCF) in a brittle polymer disk. The disk has been tested on a two disk machine, under controlled normal and tangential loads, with no global slip. After several million cycles and under different operating conditions, it has been observed that (1) the tangential load highly influences the RCF phenomenon, (2) a network of regularly spaced cracks appears, and (3) in the driving position, the RCF phenomenon develops faster. To explain these observations, a numerical model based on the finite element method (FEM) has been built: the cracks have been quite simply modeled, stick-slip has been chosen as the friction model, and the disk-on-disk contact has been replaced by a disk-on-plane contact. To study the influence of some of the operating conditions, the design of experiments (DOE) techniques has been used. The statistical postprocessing associated to DOE has confirmed the experimental observations with a good reliability. In addition, with some mechanical considerations, scenarios of what experimentally happens are proposed. The association FEM/DOE is an original and efficient way to explain phenomena in the field of RCF: the accuracy of the FEM coupled with DOE statistical treatments make it possible to have a good predictability despite some uncontrolled parameters.

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