Electron Microautoradiography and Its Application to the Study of Hydrogen Distribution in Steel

2009 ◽  
pp. 7-7-14
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Distribution

Nitrogen and hydrogen distribution and retention in dense N delta doping by layer overgrowth onto a Diamond (100) surface

2021 ◽  
pp. 149331
Author(s):  
Mohan Kumar Kuntumalla ◽  
Mohammed Attrash ◽  
Miri Fischer ◽  
Shaul Michaelson ◽  
Tatyana Kravchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Distribution ◽  
Delta Doping

scholarly journals Hydrogen Mixing Analyses for a VVER Containment

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pal Kostka ◽  
Zsolt Techy ◽  
James J. Sienicki
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Primary System ◽  
Hydrogen Distribution ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
Contour Plots ◽  
Design Basis Accident ◽  
Input Model ◽  
Block Models ◽  
Containment Integrity

Hydrogen combustion may represent a threat to containment integrity in a VVER-440/213 plant owing to the combination of high pressure and high temperature. A study has been carried out using the GASFLOW 2.1 three-dimensional CFD code to evaluate the hydrogen distribution in the containment during a beyond design basis accident. The VVER-440/213 containment input model consists of two 3D blocks connected via one-dimensional (1D) ducts. One 3D block contains the reactor building and the accident localization tower with the suppression pools. Another 3D block models the air traps. 1D ducts represent the check valves connecting the accident localization tower with the air traps. The VVER pressure suppression system, called “bubbler condenser,” was modeled as a distributed heat sink with water thermodynamic properties. This model accounts for the energy balance. However, it is not currently possible to model dynamic phenomena associated with the water pools (e.g., vent clearing, level change). The GASFLOW 2.1 calculation gave detailed results for the spatial distribution of thermal-hydraulic parameters and gas concentrations. The range and trend of the parameters are reasonable and valuable. There are particularly interesting circulation patterns around the steam generators, in the bubbler tower and other primary system compartments. In case of the bubbler tower, concentration and temperature contour plots show an inhomogeneous distribution along the height and width, changing during the accident. Hydrogen concentrations also vary within primary system compartments displaying lower as well as higher (up to 13–20% and higher) values in some nodes. Prediction of such concentration distributions was not previously possible with lumped parameter codes. GASFLOW 2.1 calculations were compared with CONTAIN 1.2 (lumped parameter code) results. Apart from the qualitatively similar trends, there are, for the time being, quantitative differences between the results concerning, for example, pressure histories, or the total amount of steam available in the containment. The results confirm the importance of detailed modeling of the containment, as well as of the bubbler condenser and sump water pools. The study showed that modeling of hydrogen distribution in the VVER-440/213 containment was possible using the GASFLOW 2.1 code with reasonable results and remarkable physical insights.

Hydrogen Distribution Assessment With CFD Tool in Help of Severe Accident Management

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlin Philipov ◽  
Kalin Filipov
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Severe Accident ◽  
Hydrogen Distribution ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Accident Management

This paper presents the results of an analysis of the application of CFD tool to help hydrogen management. Some information pointed out the problem of hydrogen generation and distribution. Passive autocatalytic recombiners are the point of interest and mainly PAR units’ location. A severe accident is taken into account regarding the sources of hydrogen generation. The analysis of the severe accident progression is performed with MELCOR code. CFD tool Fluent (ANSYS) is applied to assess hydrogen and steam distribution in the atmosphere of the containment (confinement). The NPP unit of type WWER 440 (V230) is considered but as it is stressed this fact is irrelevant to phenomena and accident management targets.

A systematic neutron reflectometry study on hydrogen absorption in thin Mg1-xAlx alloy films Special issue on Neutron Scattering in Canada.

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fritzsche ◽  
E. Poirier ◽  
J. Haagsma ◽  
C. Ophus ◽  
E. Luber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Absorption ◽  
Scattering Length ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Neutron Reflectometry ◽  
Hydrogen Distribution ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Alloy Films ◽  
Negative Scattering Length ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Optimum Alloy

In this article, we show how neutron reflectometry (NR) can provide deep insight into the absorption and desorption properties of commercially promising hydrogen storage materials. NR benefits from the large negative scattering length of hydrogen atoms, which changes the reflectivity curve substantially, so that NR can determine not only the total amount of stored hydrogen but also the hydrogen distribution along the film normal, with nanometer resolution. To use NR, the samples must have smooth surfaces, and the film thickness should range between 10 and 200 nm. We performed a systematic study on thin Mg1–xAlx alloy films (x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.67) capped with a Pd catalyst layer. Our NR experiments showed that Mg0.7Al0.3 is the optimum alloy composition with the highest amount of stored hydrogen and the lowest desorption temperature. All the thin films expand by about 20% because of hydrogen absorption, and the hydrogen is stored only in the MgAl layer with no hydrogen content in the Pd layer.

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