Stainless Steel in Structural Applications

2009 ◽  
pp. 14-14-22
Author(s):  
A. L. Johnson ◽  
G. A. Kelsen
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Structural Applications

AISI No. 633

Alloy Digest ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Structural Applications

Abstract AISI No. 633 is a chromium-nickel-molybdenum stainless steel whose properties can be changed by heat treatment. It bridges the gap between the austenitic and martensitic stainless steels; that is, it has some of the properties of each. Its uses include high-strength structural applications, corrosion-resistant springs and knife blades. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-389. Producer or source: Stainless steel mills.

On three-dimensional printing of 17-4 precipitation-hardenable stainless steel with direct metal laser sintering in aircraft structural applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072110448
Author(s):  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
Rishab ◽  
Jashanpreet S Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Direct Metal Laser Sintering ◽  
Structural Applications

The martensitic 17-4 precipitation-hardenable stainless steel is one of the commercially established materials for structural engineering applications in aircrafts due to its superior mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. The mechanical processing of this alloy through a conventional manufacturing route is critical from the dimensional accuracy (Δ d) viewpoint for development of innovative structural components such as: slat tracks, wing flap tracks, etc. In past two decades, a number of studies have been reported on challenges being faced while conventional processing of 17-4 precipitation-hardenable stainless steel for maintaining uniform thickness of aircraft structural components. However, hitherto little has been reported on direct metal laser sintering of 17-4 precipitation-hardenable stainless steel for development of innovative functional prototypes with uniform surface hardness (HV), Δ d, and surface roughness ( Ra) in aircraft structural engineering. This paper reports the effect of direct metal laser sintering process parameters on HV, Δ d, and Ra for structural components. The results of study suggest that optimized settings of direct metal laser sintering from multifactor optimization viewpoint are laser power 100 W, scanning speed 1400 mm/s, and layer thickness 0.02 mm. The results have been supported with scanning electron microscopy analysis (for metallurgical changes such as porosity (%), HV, grain size, etc.) and international tolerance grades for ensuring assembly fitment.

Deformation and Fracture Behavior of AISI 403 Stainless Steel for Nuclear Structural Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 794 ◽  
pp. 460-467
Author(s):  
C. Gupta ◽  
J.K. Chakravartty ◽  
R.N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Deformation Behaviour ◽  
Stable Crack Growth ◽  
Dynamic Strain ◽  
Tensile Behaviour ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Deformation And Fracture ◽  
Structural Applications

The deformation and fracture behaviour of AISI 403, a tempered martensitic stainless steel for end fitting application of Pressurised heavy water reactor is being reported. The deformation behaviour studies entailed characterisation of tensile behaviour in the temperature range 77 - 873 K for the as recieved and the fine grained Nb modified variant of AISI 403. the study of elevated tensile behaviour in the two steels has been undertaken with the purpose of characterising the strain rate - temperature domain of the occurrence of dynamic strain aging (DSA) phenomenon. In both steels, while the temperature range for the manifestations of characteristic anomalies in the tensile curve due to DSA was observed within 523 - 673K, the strain domain for the fine grained Nb modfied variety was significantly higher as comapred with the as recievied variety. The low temperature tensile tests for the as recieved AISI 403 revealed the presence of Pseudo=alloy softening in the temperature range 273 - 193 K. The effect of high DBTT of the AISI 403 steel was shown by the fracture toughness tests in the J-integral format at room temperature that displayed significant scatter in smaples with high in-plane and out of plane constraint. Smaples with lower constraint showing stable crack growth were further tested at high temperature to obtain the temperature dependence of initiation fracture toughness and propagation touhgness. Within the DSA tempertaures a sharp decline in the fracture properties were observed. A mechanistic interpretation for the manifestations of the various observed phenomena is presented.

Duplex stainless steel in infrastructure: applications, challenges and opportunities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Baddoo
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

<p>Duplex stainless steels have unique properties which can be exploited in a wide variety of applications in the construction industry. The high strength of duplex stainless steel (30% higher than the widely used carbon steel grade S355) leads to specific applications in weight sensitive structures, for example structural members on the topsides of offshore platforms and bridge girders. These applications are usually situated in corrosive environments where durability, combined with long service life, are important and maintenance closures are very costly. Structural applications of duplex stainless steel in the energy and transportation sectors are reviewed. Based on an assessment of the complete supply chain (encompassing design, procurement and fabrication), obstacles to the wider use of structural duplex stainless steel are identified with some recommendations about how they may be overcome. The future burden caused by the use of materials that are not inherently durable in the service environment has led to a growing appreciation that the use of more durable materials in infrastructure applications is the key to maximum availability and low life cycle cost. A huge programme of infrastructure development is needed to meet future demand in both developed and developing economies, which includes the construction of airports, bridges, railways, roads, tunnels and power plants. New opportunities for duplex stainless steel in the creation of resilient, cost-efficient and fit-for purpose energy and transport networks are discussed.</p>

Corrosion Resistance Methods for Stainless Steel

2020 ◽  
pp. 208-225
Author(s):  
Sudesna Roy ◽  
Pramod kumar Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Potentiodynamic Polarization ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
High Mechanical Strength ◽  
Austenitic Structure ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
Structural Applications

304 grade stainless steel is known to be important in most structural applications due to its high mechanical strength, hardness, and machinability. It is considered a versatile steel that has good formability, can be welded as it is, and is non-magnetic austenitic structure. The corrosion resistance is also excellent at room temperature for most corrosive acids and alkalis. However, its corrosion resistance decreases at higher temperatures when exposed to water for prolonged periods of time. It is sensitive to pitting, crevice and stress corrosion cracking at elevated temperatures. In some cases, the resistance is improved by addition of corrosion inhibitor that negatively affects its formability and welding advantages. Therefore, other methods of corrosion protection are desired. This chapter provides in-depth review of corrosion protections materials and methods that have been used for protecting 304SS in different specific applications. It also provides systemic analysis of the potentiodynamic polarization method to compare the corrosion potential of different materials.

Duplex stainless steels: sustainable materials for highly durable structures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Backhouse ◽  
Sukanya Hägg Mameng
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steels ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Street Furniture ◽  
Duplex Steels

<p>Stainless steels are well known for their durability in the built environment, having been widely used in external building cladding, street furniture and public artworks; the 1930’s stainless steel roof of the Chrysler Building is a fine example. Modern steelmaking techniques have facilitated the production of stainless steels with 85% recycled content and the production of high strength duplex stainless steels. High strength minimizes the weight of steel required and the inherent corrosion resistance means there is no need for additional corrosion protection even in aggressive coastal environments. These properties allow duplex steels to be efficiently used as durable structural engineering materials. The corrosion performance of several stainless steels, including a newly developed duplex grade LDX2404 (EN1.4662/UNS82441) has been studied in coastal atmospheric conditions. The performance of stainless steels under these test conditions is found to be similar to the performance in existing structural applications in comparable real-world environments. It is observed that the performance of a stainless steel grade can be adequately assessed in a given environment after only a few months or years, as the onset of any detrimental corrosion effects become visibly evident rather quickly. Appropriately selected grades of stainless steel for a given environment can be fully resistant to corrosion effects, and thus can be considered highly durable materials for bridges and other structural uses in the external environment.</p>

Joining of Shape Memory NiTi to Structural Materials Using Ultrasonic Soldering

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Hahnlen ◽  
Marcelo Dapino
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Niti Alloys ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Ultrasonic Soldering ◽  
Von Mises

Shape memory nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys can recover up to 8% of induced strain allowing such alloys to be used in the creation of solid-state actuators. Despite the unique properties of NiTi alloys, their implementation in structural applications is expensive, complex, and in some cases unfeasible due to limitations of traditional joining techniques. This research investigates the joining of NiTi to itself, aluminum 2024, O1 tool steel, and 304 stainless steel by Ultrasonic Soldering (USS), a process that can solder difficult to wet materials without the use of flux. The USS joints were evaluated through strength testing, optical microscopy, and maximum calculated von Mises equivalent stresses developed during testing. Lap shear tests show NiTi/NiTi, NiTi/aluminum 2024, NiTi/O1 tool steel, and NiTi/304 stainless steel USS joints have average ultimate shear strengths of 30.9 MPa, 53.8 MPa, 37.2 MPa, and 40.6 MPa, respectively.

scholarly journals Material and Fabrication Development and Application Studies of Aluminum-Boron-Stainless Steel Composites

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Christian
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Composite Panels ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Qualification Testing ◽  
Potential Weight ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

The recent development of a new composite material with superior properties for structural applications is described. The development consisted of selection of matrix and filament materials, the fabrication of a number of composite panels qualification testing, evaluation of secondary fabrication methods and design application studies. It was demonstrated that the new composite material, aluminum-boron-stainless steel (A1-B-SS), could be made in various forms, shapes and sizes, that it possessed very desirable mechanical and physical properties, and that it could be satisfactorily cut, machined, formed and joined by a variety of methods. The potential weight savings (typically 30–45 percent) and other attractive properties make the A1-B-SS composite particularly promising for a number of structural applications.

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