Correlation Between Yield Strength and Microstructure of Some Carbon Steels

2009 ◽  
pp. 108-108-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Gurland
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Carbon Steels

scholarly journals Change in Yield Strength of Ultra Low Carbon Steels with Cr Addition

2010 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimasa Funakawa ◽  
Takumi Ujiro
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
Cr Addition

Influence of Alloying Elements on Precipitation Behavior of VCN in Middle Carbon Steels

2011 ◽  
Vol 172-174 ◽  
pp. 408-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehide Senuma ◽  
Yoshito Takemoto
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Aging Temperature ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
Transformation Behavior ◽  
Precipitation Behavior ◽  
Automotive Components ◽  
Recent Developments

For lightening the hot forged automotive components such as connecting rods, crank shafts etc. the increase in their yield strength is an important technical issue. Recent developments indicate that it is a promising way to increase the yield strength of the components using the ferrite-pearlite microstructure strengthened by precipitation hardening of VC. In this study, the influence of alloying elements, cooling rate and aging temperature on the precipitation hardening behavior of V containing middle carbon steels was investigated. The precipitation hardening is very sensitive to cooling rate and aging temperature. The addition of Si reduced the sensitivity of the cooling rate. The deformation in the austenite region slightly decreases the precipitation hardening. From a detailed analysis, it was found out that the precipitation hardening is strongly influenced by the γ→α transformation behavior, which indicates that the interphase precipitation plays a significant role for the precipitation hardening.

Metallurgical Design of High Strength/High Toughness Steels

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 2084-2089
Author(s):  
Andrea di Schino ◽  
Mauro Guagnelli
Keyword(s):  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Microstructural Parameters ◽  
Fine Microstructure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Strength And Toughness

The proper balance between yield strength, YS, and ductile to brittle transition temperature, DBTT, has been the main concern during development of high strength engineering steels and the effect of microstructure on impact toughness has attracted a great attention during the last decades. In this paper a review concerning the relationship between strength and toughness in steels will be presented and the effect of different microstructural parameters will be discussed, aiming toimprovesuch properties in designingnewhigh strength steels. Complex microstructures, obtained by quenching and tempering (Q&T) and thermo-mechanical (TM) processing are considered. The steels are low/medium carbon steels (C=0.04%-0.40%) with yield strength in the range YS=500-1000 MPa. Results show that the strength and the impact toughness behaviour are controlled by different microstructural parameters and not, as in the case of polygonal ferritic steels, by the same structural unit (the grain size) and that a “fine” microstructure is required in order to achieve high levels of both strength and toughness. The metallurgical design of high strength steels with toughness requirements is discussed using the same approach for both Q&T and TMCP processes.

Change in Yield Strength of Nb-Bearing Ultra-Low Carbon Steels by Temper-Rolling

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
Ling Ling Yang ◽  
Tatsuya Nakagaito ◽  
Yoshimasa Funakawa ◽  
Katsumi Kojima
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Temper Rolling ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Solute Carbon ◽  
Ultra Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Dislocation Strengthening ◽  
Carbon Change

Yield strength of low carbon mild steel decreases when temper-rolling is applied to release yield point elongation. Generally mobile dislocation used to be considered as the cause of the YS lowering. However from Bailey-Hirsch theory, strength should be higher with temper-rolling because of the increase of dislocation density. To newly explain the lowering yield strength by temper-rolling, standing at the point that a few ppm carbon change Hall-Petch coefficient , decrease in yield strength by temper-rolling is investigated using an ultra-low carbon steel. Yield strength of steel with the small amount of solute carbon increased after 2% temper-rolling and didn’t change after aging. On the other hand, yield strength of steel with the high amount of solute carbon decreased after 2% temper-rolling and increased again after aging. Despite solute carbon content, the Hall-Petch σ0 increased by dislocation strengthening of temper-rolling. Hall-Petch coefficient ky of low solute carbon steel remained at the low level even after temper-rolling or aging , however, that of high solute carbon steels significantly decreased after temper-rolling and increased again after aging. Yield strength reduction of the high solute carbon steel can be attributed to the decrease of ky.

The Tensile Yield Strength of Certain Steels under Suddenly Applied Loads

1948 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. Warnock ◽  
J. B. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Tensile Yield Strength ◽  
Impact Machine ◽  
Cast Steels ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Rate Of Loading

Dynamic tensile yield stresses are determined for eight steels, including one mild steel, two plain carbon steels, two carbon manganese steels, one heat-treated alloy, and two cast steels. The dynamic loads are applied by means of an impact machine of the falling weight type. An attachment is fitted to this machine to enable the peak load to be reached in 3 milli-seconds (0·003 second). Supplementary tests, in which the time to reach the peak load is 1 milli-second, are carried out on three of the steels. Electrical resistance strain gauges mounted directly on the specimens are used to record the loads. Comparison with static values reveals an increase in yield stress of from 21 to 36 per cent for the carbon steels under dynamic loading. This increase diminishes with increase in static yield strength. The annealed cast steels behave in a similar manner to the carbon steels, but the heat-treated alloy steel shows no appreciable increase in yield strength with increase in rate of loading. Comparison is also effected with some results of other investigators. A theory is put forward to account for the variation in sensitivity of yield strength to load rate. A division of tensile tests into three main types, on a basis of rate of loading, is suggested for future work.

scholarly journals Modeling And Characterization Of High Carbon Nanobainitic Steels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaganpreet Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Isothermal Transformation ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Bainitic Transformation ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Isothermal Heat Treatment ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
High Carbon

Analytical models have been developed for the transformation kinetics, microstructure analysis and the mechanical properties in bainitic steels. Three models are proposed for the bainitic transformation based on the chemical composition and the heat treatment conditions of the steel as inputs: (1) thermodynamic model on kinetics of bainite transformation, (2) improved thermo-statistical model that eliminates the material dependent empirical constants and (3) an artificial neural network model to predict the volume fraction of bainite. Neural networks have also been used to model the hardness of high carbon steels, subjected to isothermal heat treatment. Collectively, for a steel of given composition and subjected to a particular isothermal heat treatment, the models can be used to determine the volume fraction of bainitic phase and the material hardness values. The models have been extensively validated with the experimental data from literature as well as from three new high carbon experimental steels with various alloying elements that were used in the present work. For these experimental steels, data on the volume fraction of phases (via X-ray diffraction), yield strength (via compression tests) and hardness were obtained for various combinations of isothermal heat treatment times and temperatures. The heat treated steels were subjected to compression and hardness tests and the data have been used to develop a new correlation between the yield stress and the hardness. It was observed that while all three experimental steels exhibit a predominantly nanostructured bainite microstructure, the presence of Co and Al in one of the steels accelerated and maximized the nano-bainitic transformation within a reasonably short isothermal transformation time. Excellent yield strength (>1.7 GPa) and good deformability were observed in this steel after isothermal heat treatment at a low temperature of 250C for a relatively short duration of 24 hours.

scholarly journals Modeling And Characterization Of High Carbon Nanobainitic Steels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaganpreet Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Isothermal Transformation ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Bainitic Transformation ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Isothermal Heat Treatment ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
High Carbon

Analytical models have been developed for the transformation kinetics, microstructure analysis and the mechanical properties in bainitic steels. Three models are proposed for the bainitic transformation based on the chemical composition and the heat treatment conditions of the steel as inputs: (1) thermodynamic model on kinetics of bainite transformation, (2) improved thermo-statistical model that eliminates the material dependent empirical constants and (3) an artificial neural network model to predict the volume fraction of bainite. Neural networks have also been used to model the hardness of high carbon steels, subjected to isothermal heat treatment. Collectively, for a steel of given composition and subjected to a particular isothermal heat treatment, the models can be used to determine the volume fraction of bainitic phase and the material hardness values. The models have been extensively validated with the experimental data from literature as well as from three new high carbon experimental steels with various alloying elements that were used in the present work. For these experimental steels, data on the volume fraction of phases (via X-ray diffraction), yield strength (via compression tests) and hardness were obtained for various combinations of isothermal heat treatment times and temperatures. The heat treated steels were subjected to compression and hardness tests and the data have been used to develop a new correlation between the yield stress and the hardness. It was observed that while all three experimental steels exhibit a predominantly nanostructured bainite microstructure, the presence of Co and Al in one of the steels accelerated and maximized the nano-bainitic transformation within a reasonably short isothermal transformation time. Excellent yield strength (>1.7 GPa) and good deformability were observed in this steel after isothermal heat treatment at a low temperature of 250C for a relatively short duration of 24 hours.

Material Performance in Laser Cladding of a Laminated Plate with Wavy Bond Interface

2016 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
Zi Hui Li ◽  
Mei Na Gao ◽  
Xu Yue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
National Standard ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Laminated Plate ◽  
Bond Interface

A laminated plate with excellent mechanical properties is commonly used for a bulkhead part in which the interface structure of diffusion bonded is detrimental to the bending quality. In this study, 304 stainless steel and Q235 carbon steel were cladded by laser cladding technique. Microstructure, yield strength, elements diffusion, hardness and tensile fracture morphology of the clad metals were evaluated. The bond interface of the cladded metals demonstrated a wavy morphology in this work. Tensile test results shows that yield strength reaches 400-410MPa and tensile strength reaches 405-419MPa. They are higher than the standard value 235MPa and 370MPa, respectively. In wavy interface region, transition layer of metallurgical bond was formed as a result of mutual diffusion of Fe, Cr and Ni. The hardness is increased in the substrate and cladding plate near the bond interface. The mechanical properties of the low-carbon steels is increased by laser cladding with austenitic stainless steel, which are far beyond the national standard and other bending methods.

TARTAN

Alloy Digest ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Transverse Impact ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Minimum Yield

Abstract TARTAN is an economical, as-rolled carbon steel in plate form. It has a minimum yield strength of 50,000 psi and a minimum transverse impact value (Charpy V-notch) of 20 foot-pounds at -20 F up to a thickness of 11/2 inches. Columbium (niobium) has been added to increase toughness levels above those of other as-rolled carbon steels of similar thickness and strength. Among Tartan's uses are crane car bodies and roll-over protection equipment. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CS-88. Producer or source: Lukens Steel Company.

MITTAL DI-FORM 140T, HB T965

Alloy Digest ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Martensite Phase ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Ferrite Phase ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Dp Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
Soft Ferrite

Abstract MITTAL DI-FORM 140T and HB T965 are low carbon steels with dual phase manganese and silicon composition. Dual-phase (DP) steel microstructures typically consist of a soft ferrite phase with dispersed islands of a hard martensite phase. The martensite phase is substantially stronger than the ferrite phase. The dual-phase grades, including those with high tensile strengths of 965 MPa (140 ksi), that are designed for forming (DI-FORM), also have low yield-strength-to-tensile-strength ratios to improve formability. This datasheet provides information on microstructure and tensile properties as well as deformation and fatigue. It also includes information on forming and surface treatment. Filing Code: SA-566. Producer or source: Mittal Steel USA Flat Products.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document