Effect of Material and Environmental Variables on Localized Corrosion of Zirconium Alloys

2009 ◽  
pp. 40-40-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Lunde ◽  
K Videm
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Zirconium Alloys ◽  
Localized Corrosion

Effect of Environmental Variables on Localized Corrosion of Carbon Steel

CORROSION ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Brossia ◽  
G. A. Cragnolino
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Localized Corrosion

TEM study of a biofilm on copper corrosion

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
W. A. Chiou ◽  
N. Kohyama ◽  
B. Little ◽  
P. Wagner ◽  
M. Meshii
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Copper Corrosion ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Copper Tolerant

The corrosion of copper and copper alloys in a marine environment is of great concern because of their widespread use in heat exchangers and steam condensers in which natural seawater is the coolant. It has become increasingly evident that microorganisms play an important role in the corrosion of a number of metals and alloys under a variety of environments. For the past 15 years the use of SEM has proven to be useful in studying biofilms and spatial relationships between bacteria and localized corrosion of metals. Little information, however, has been obtained using TEM capitalizing on its higher spacial resolution and the transmission observation of interfaces. The research presented herein is the first step of this new approach in studying the corrosion with biological influence in pure copper.Commercially produced copper (Cu, 99%) foils of approximately 120 μm thick exposed to a copper-tolerant marine bacterium, Oceanospirillum, and an abiotic culture medium were subsampled (1 cm × 1 cm) for this study along with unexposed control samples.

Recent Rapid Climate Changes in Antarctic and their Influence on Low Diversity Ecosystems

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna J. Chwedorzewska
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Temperature Water

ABSTRACTThe geographic position, astronomic factors (e.g. the Earth’s maximum distance from the Sun during winter), ice cover and altitude are the main factors affecting the climate of the Antarctic, which is the coldest place on Earth. Parts of Antarctica are facing the most rapid rates of anthropogenic climate change currently seen on the planet. Climate changes are occurring throughout Antarctica, affecting three major groups of environmental variables of considerable biological significance: temperature, water, UV-B radiation.Low diversity ecosystems are expected to be more vulnerable to global changes than high diversity ecosystems

Control of hydrogen absorption by nickel films obtained upon magnetic spraying of zirconium alloy using the thermoEMF method

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
V. V. Larionov ◽  
Xu Shupeng ◽  
V. N. Kudiyarov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Hydrogen Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Absorption ◽  
Zirconium Alloy ◽  
Hydrogen Adsorption ◽  
Zirconium Alloys ◽  
Nickel Film ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
Nickel Films ◽  
Hydrogen Penetration

Nickel films formed on the surface of zirconium alloys are often used to protect materials against hydrogen penetration. Hydrogen adsorption on nickel is faster since the latter actively interacts with hydrogen, oxidizes and forms a protective film. The goal of the study is to develop a method providing control of hydrogen absorption by nickel films during vacuum-magnetron sputtering and hydrogenation via measuring thermoEMF. Zirconium alloy E110 was saturated from the gas phase with hydrogen at a temperature of 350°C and a pressure of 2 atm. A specialized Rainbow Spectrum unit was used for coating. It is shown that a nickel film present on the surface significantly affects the hydrogen penetration into the alloy. A coating with a thickness of more than 2 μm deposited by magnetron sputtering on the surface of a zirconium alloy with 1% Nb, almost completely protects the alloy against hydrogen penetration. The magnitude of thermoemf depends on the hydrogen concentration in the zirconium alloy and film thickness. An analysis of the hysteresis width of the thermoEMF temperature loop and a method for determining the effective activation energy of the conductivity of a hydrogenated material coated with a nickel film are presented. The results of the study can be used in assessing the hydrogen concentration and, hence, corrosion protection of the material.

Typical Zirconium Alloys Microstructures in Nuclear Components

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 656-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Flores ◽  
A. G. Gomez ◽  
G. A. Juarez ◽  
N. Loureiro ◽  
R. I. Samper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zirconium Alloys

VLX 954

Alloy Digest ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract VLX 954 is an austenitic stainless steel with 6% (nominal) molybdenum. The alloy is particularly resistant to localized corrosion in sea water and chloride environments. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-589. Producer or source: DMV Stainless USA Inc.

ZERON 25

Alloy Digest ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Oil Gas

Abstract ZERON 25 is an alloy developed to combat severe oil field duties where oil, gas, water are contaminated with high levels of chlorides and hydrogen sulfide. The alloy has good mechanical strength and resistance to localized corrosion. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-584. Producer or source: Weir Material Services Ltd.

URANUS 76N

Alloy Digest ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
High Chromium ◽  
Equivalent Number ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

Abstract URANUS 76N contains high chromium, molybdenum, and nitrogen contents and has a pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) ≥ 40. These factors explain why the duplex austenitic/ferritic stainless grade is very resistant to localized corrosion. The alloy has been used for offshore applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-1028. Producer or source: Industeel USA, LLC.

Sustainability: Incorporating Social and Environmental Variables in the Analysis of Credit in Brazil

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz C. J. Perera ◽  
Aida Maria M. Milani ◽  
Roberto Borges Kerr ◽  
Marco Antonio F. Milani Filho
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables
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