Tensile Strength and Modulus of a Three-Dimensional Braid Composite

2008 ◽  
pp. 392-392-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
FK Ko
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Three Dimensional

scholarly journals Three-dimensional thermomechanical converting of CTMP substrates: effect of bio-based strengthening agents and new mineral filling concept

Cellulose ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (15) ◽  
pp. 9751-9768
Author(s):  
Teija Laukala ◽  
Sami-Seppo Ovaska ◽  
Ninja Kerttula ◽  
Kaj Backfolk
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Microfibrillated Cellulose ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulp ◽  
Cationic Starch ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Filling Method ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe effects of bio-based strengthening agents and mineral filling procedure on the 3D elongation of chemi-thermomechanical pulp (CTMP) handsheets with and without mineral (PCC) filling have been investigated. The 3D elongation was measured using a press-forming machine equipped with a special converting tool. The strength of the handsheets was altered using either cationic starch or microfibrillated cellulose. Precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) was added to the furnish either as a slurry or by precipitation of nano-sized PCC onto and into the CTMP fibre. The 3D elongation of unfilled sheets was increased by the dry-strengthening agents, but no evidence on the theorised positive effect of mineral fill on 3D elongation was seen in either filling method. The performance of the strengthening agent depended on whether the PCC was as slurry or as a precipitated PCC-CTMP. The starch was more effective with PCC-CTMP than when the PCC was added directly as a slurry to the furnish, whereas the opposite was observed with microfibrillated cellulose. The 3D elongation correlated positively with the tensile strength, bursting strength, tensile stiffness, elastic modulus and bending stiffness, even when the sheet composition was varied, but neither the strengthening agent nor the method of PCC addition affected the 3D elongation beyond what was expectable based on the tensile strength of the sheets. Finally, mechanisms affecting the properties that correlated with the 3D elongation are discussed.

scholarly journals Biological and Mechanical Properties of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membranes after Thermal Manipulation and Preparation in a Single-Syringe Closed System

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorottya Kardos ◽  
István Hornyák ◽  
Melinda Simon ◽  
Adél Hinsenkamp ◽  
Bence Marschall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Handling Characteristics ◽  
Freeze Dried

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane is a three-dimensional biodegradable biopolymer, which consists of platelet derived growth factors enhancing cell adhesion and proliferation. It is widely used in soft and hard tissue regeneration, however, there are unresolved problems with its clinical application. Its preparation needs open handling of the membranes, it degrades easily, and it has a low tensile strength which does not hold a suture blocking wider clinical applications of PRF. Our aim was to produce a sterile, suturable, reproducible PRF membrane suitable for surgical intervention. We compared the biological and mechanical properties of PRF membranes created by the classical glass-tube and those that were created in a single-syringe closed system (hypACT Inject), which allowed aseptic preparation. HypACT Inject device produces a PRF membrane with better handling characteristics without compromising biological properties. Freeze-thawing resulted in significantly higher tensile strength and higher cell adhesion at a lower degradation rate of the membranes. Mesenchymal stem cells seeded onto PRF membranes readily proliferated on the surface of fresh, but even better on freeze/thawed or freeze-dried membranes. These data show that PRF membranes can be made sterile, more uniform and significantly stronger which makes it possible to use them as suturable surgical membranes.

Three-Dimensional Microfabrication System for Biodegradable Microdevices With High-Resolution and Bio-Applicability

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Yamada ◽  
Fuminori Niikura ◽  
Koji Ikuta
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All

Biodegradable polymers are employed in medicine and its further application is expected with eagerness. But the lack of an appropriate processing method retards the progress. To overcome this problem, we have developped a novel three-dimensional microfabrication system. The system design allows us the processing of the free three-dimensional micro-level forms by stacking up melted polymers from the nozzle. Different from the conventional method, we adopted a batch process to supply materials in order to eliminate the prior process that required toxic solvents. In addition, it is possible to handle almost all biodegradable thermoplastic resins by adopting this system. A single layer from the piled-up layers of extruded lines was observed to evaluate the resolution. The lateral and depth resolutions attained are 40 μm and 45 μm, respectively. Biodegradable polymers enable three-dimensional microstructures such as micro-pipes, micro-bends, and micro-coil springs to be manufactured in less than 15 min. The biocompatibility of the newly fabricated structure was evaluated using a cell line (PC12). For this purpose, a small vessel, with a transparent base, was fabricated using PLA and cells were cultivated in it. The results were then compared with the results obtained using the standard method. The mechanical strength of our microstructures was evaluated using a tensile strength test. The tensile strength of the microstructure was lower than the one obtained from the conventional method, but has enough strength for fabrication of medical devices. Our system renders it possible to produce toxic-free, as well as transparent and leakage-free devices. Our system is expected to have potential applications in optimum design and fabrication of implantable devices, especially in tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Manufacturing Technique of Heat-Insulating and Flame-Retardant Three-Dimensional Composite Base Fabrics

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 155892501300800
Author(s):  
Jia-Horng Lin ◽  
Chen-Hung Huang ◽  
Ching-Wen Lin ◽  
Ching Wen Lou
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Maximum Tensile Strength ◽  
Manufacturing Technique ◽  
Pu Foam

In this research, we create a PET/TPU/PU composite base fabric from a PET nonwoven base fabric, a TPU honeycomb grid, and a PU foam plank. First, the PET base fabric is made from 7D three-dimensional-hollow-crimp fiber (7D PET) and low-melting-point (low-Tm) fibers with weight ratio and number of lamination layers as the parameters. The hardness and rebound resilience rate of the PET nonwoven base fabric are 71% and 63.5%, respectively. The PET nonwoven base fabric's optimum air permeability is 240 cm3/s/cm2. The maximum tensile strength of the PET nonwoven base fabric with 9 layers of lamination is 39.8 kg/cm2, and when the weight ratio is either 4:6 or 3:7, changes to 40 kg/cm2. The PET/TPU/PU composite base fabric has a LOI of 33 when the number of lamination layers is 10, or when the low-Tm fiber content is 50%; the composite base fabric's average optimum thermal conductivity is 0.914 W/mK.

Mechanochemical Devulcanization of Vulcanized Gum Natural Rubber

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-199
Author(s):  
G.K. Jana ◽  
C.K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Polymeric Chains ◽  
Cure Time

De-vulcanization of vulcanized elastomers represents a great challenge because of their three-dimensional network structure. Sulfur-cured gum natural rubbers containing three different sulfur/accelerator ratios were de-vulcanized by thio-acids. The process was carried out at 90 °C for 10 minutes in an open two-roll cracker-cum-mixing mill. Two concentrations of de-vulcanizing agent were tried in order to study the cleavage of the sulfidic bonds. The mechanical properties of the re-vulcanized rubber (like tensile strength, modulus, tear strength and elongation at break) were improved with increasing concentrations of de-vulcanizing agent, because the crosslink density increased. A decrease in scorch time and in optimum cure time and an increase in the state of cure were observed when vulcanized rubber was treated with high amounts of de-vulcanizing agent. The temperature of onset of degradation was also increased with increasing concentration of thio-acid. DMA analysis revealed that the storage modulus increased on re-vulcanization. From IR spectroscopy it was observed that oxidation of the main polymeric chains did not occur at the time of high temperature milling. Over 80% retention of the original mechanical properties (like tensile strength, modulus, tear strength and elongation at break) of the vulcanized natural rubber was achieved by this mechanochemical process.

Properties of Highly Filled, Highly Plasticized, Semicrystalline Polymer Networks

1991 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Vargo ◽  
Frank N. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Energy Data ◽  
Viscoelastic Effects ◽  
Tearing Energy ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Abstract 1. Component reactivity of ingredients such as fillers and plasticizers is significant and is measurable by a technique developed during this work. 2. The undesirable syneresis problem common to these highly plasticized materials can be controlled through adjusting equivalence ratios. Syneresis can be controlled primarily by decreasing the crystallinity of the material. 3. Changing percent crystallinity with temperature is a very important variable controlling the physical properties, i.e., ultimate properties, tearing energy, and dynamic-mechanical response. 4. The tearing energy data did not display simple amorphous behavior, and, as such, could not be shifted using a reduced variables technique such as WLF shifting. All variables were needed to represent the data. Three dimensional plotting developed previously by von Merrwall et al. was utilized to represent the data. The resulting tear-energy data exhibit the normal viscoelastic effects of rate and temperature as well as the superposition of the effects of crystallinity on the tearing energy. A decrease in tearing energy with increasing temperature is primarily due to increasing crystallinity in the samples. Plasticizer decreased the tearing energy, while filler increased the tearing energy. Filler lessened the effects of temperature and plasticizer on tearing energy. 5. Ultimate property measurements using ring samples for these model propellants revealed that these materials did not behave in a simple thermo-rheological manner, since crystallinity effects are predominant in the tensile mode. Because of crystallinity and strain-induced crystallinity, the data could not be represented by a failure envelope as proposed by Smith. The presence of plasticizer has the effect of decreasing the tensile strength, while filler tends to increase the tensile strength for the plasticized systems. 6. A model is presented to explain the high strain-to-failure behavior of these systems. Further details of this work can be found in Reference 22.

scholarly journals Contributions of adipose tissue architectural and tensile properties toward defining healthy and unhealthy obesity

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (3) ◽  
pp. E233-E246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise E. Lackey ◽  
David H. Burk ◽  
Mohamed R. Ali ◽  
Rouzbeh Mostaedi ◽  
William H. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Ecm Remodeling ◽  
Stress Signals

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the maintenance of white adipose tissue (WAT) architecture and function, and proper ECM remodeling is critical to support WAT malleability to accomodate changes in energy storage needs. Obesity and adipocyte hypertrophy place a strain on the ECM remodeling machinery, which may promote disordered ECM and altered tissue integrity and could promote proinflammatory and cell stress signals. To explore these questions, new methods were developed to quantify omental and subcutaneous WAT tensile strength and WAT collagen content by three-dimensional confocal imaging, using collagen VI knockout mice as a methods validation tool. These methods, combined with comprehensive measurement of WAT ECM proteolytic enzymes, transcript, and blood analyte analyses, were used to identify unique pathophenotypes of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese women, using multivariate statistical modeling and univariate comparisons with weight-matched healthy obese individuals. In addition to the expected differences in inflammation and glycemic control, approximately 20 ECM-related factors, including omental tensile strength, collagen, and enzyme transcripts, helped discriminate metabolically compromised obesity. This is consistent with the hypothesis that WAT ECM physiology is intimately linked to metabolic health in obese humans, and the studies provide new tools to explore this relationship.

scholarly journals New Materials for 3D-Printing Based on Polycaprolactone with Gum Rosin and Beeswax as Additives

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Pavon ◽  
Miguel Aldas ◽  
Juan López-Martínez ◽  
Santiago Ferrándiz
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Gum Rosin ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Natural Additives

In this work, different materials for three-dimensional (3D)-printing were studied, which based on polycaprolactone with two natural additives, gum rosin, and beeswax. During the 3D-printing process, the bed and extrusion temperatures of each formulation were established. After, the obtained materials were characterized by mechanical, thermal, and structural properties. The results showed that the formulation with containing polycaprolactone with a mixture of gum rosin and beeswax as additive behaved better during the 3D-printing process. Moreover, the miscibility and compatibility between the additives and the matrix were concluded through the thermal assessment. The mechanical characterization established that the addition of the mixture of gum rosin and beeswax provides greater tensile strength than those additives separately, facilitating 3D-printing. In contrast, the addition of beeswax increased the ductility of the material, which makes the 3D-printing processing difficult. Despite the fact that both natural additives had a plasticizing effect, the formulations containing gum rosin showed greater elongation at break. Finally, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy assessment deduced that polycaprolactone interacts with the functional groups of the additives.

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