Effect of Stacking Sequence on Damage Propagation and Failure Modes in Composite Laminates

2009 ◽  
pp. 211-211-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Ratwani ◽  
HP Kan
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Damage Propagation

scholarly journals Enhancing Impact Energy Absorption, Flexural and Crash Performance Properties of Automotive Composite Laminates by Adjusting the Stacking Sequences Layup

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3404
Author(s):  
Hassan Alshahrani ◽  
Azzam Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Impact Tests ◽  
Crash Performance

In response to the high demand for light automotive, manufacturers are showing a vital interest in replacing heavy metallic components with composite materials that exhibit unparalleled strength-to-weight ratios and excellent properties. Unidirectional carbon/epoxy prepreg was suitable for automotive applications such as the front part of the vehicle (hood) due to its excellent crash performance. In this study, UD carbon/epoxy prepreg with 70% and 30% volume fraction of reinforcement and resin, respectively, was used to fabricate the composite laminates. The responses of different three stacking sequences of automotive composite laminates to low-velocity impact damage and flexural and crash performance properties were investigated. Three-point bending and drop-weight impact tests were carried out to determine the flexural modulus, strength, and impact damage behavior of selected materials. Optical microscopy analysis was used to identify the failure modes in the composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and C-scan non-destructive methods were utilized to explore the fractures in the composites after impact tests. Moreover, the performance index and absorbed energy of the tested structures were studied. The results showed that the flexural strength and modulus of automotive composite laminates strongly depended on the stacking sequence. The highest crash resistance was noticed in the laminate with a stacking sequence of [[0, 90, 45, −45]2, 0, 90]S. Therefore, the fabrication of a composite laminate structure enhanced by selected stacking sequences is an excellent way to improve the crash performance properties of automotive composite structures.

scholarly journals Enhanced Impact Properties of Hybrid Composites Reinforced by Carbon Fiber and Polyimide Fiber

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2599
Author(s):  
Boyao Wang ◽  
Bin He ◽  
Zhanwen Wang ◽  
Shengli Qi ◽  
Daijun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Hybrid Fiber ◽  
Polyimide Fiber

A series of hybrid fiber-reinforced composites were prepared with polyimide fiber and carbon fiber as the reinforcement and epoxy resin as the matrix. The influence of stacking sequence on the Charpy impact and flexural properties of the composites as well as the failure modes were studied. The results showed that hybrid fiber-reinforced composites yielded nearly 50% increment in Charpy impact strength compared with the ones reinforced by carbon fiber. The flexural performance was significantly improved compared with those reinforced solely by polyimide fibers and was greatly affected by the stacking sequence. The specimens with compressive sides distributed with carbon fiber possessed higher flexural strength, while those holding a sandwich-like structure with carbon fiber filling between the outer layers displayed a higher flexural modulus.

scholarly journals The Bending Responses of Sandwich Panels with Aluminium Honeycomb Core and CFRP Skins Used in Electric Vehicle Body

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Xiao ◽  
Yefa Hu ◽  
Jinguang Zhang ◽  
Chunsheng Song ◽  
Xiangyang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Sandwich Panels ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Honeycomb Core ◽  
Fibre Direction ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Honeycomb Sandwich ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic

The aim of this paper was to investigate bending responses of sandwich panels with aluminium honeycomb core and carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) skins used in electric vehicle body subjected to quasistatic bending. The typical load-displacement curves, failure modes, and energy absorption are studied. The effects of fibre direction, stacking sequence, layer thickness, and loading velocity on the crashworthiness characteristics are discussed. The finite element analysis (FEA) results are compared with experimental measurements. It is observed that there are good agreements between the FEA and experimental results. Numerical simulations and experiment predict that the honeycomb sandwich panels with ±30° and ±45° fibre direction, asymmetrical stacking sequence (45°/−45°/45°/−45°), thicker panels (0.2 mm∼0.4 mm), and smaller loading velocity (5 mm/min∼30 mm/min) have better crashworthiness performance. The FEA prediction is also helpful in understanding the initiation and propagation of cracks within the honeycomb sandwich panels.

A General Ply Design for Aero Engine Composite Fan Blade

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaguangyi Xiao ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Qichen Zhu ◽  
Jun Lee ◽  
Tingting Ma
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Composite Blade ◽  
Arduous Task ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Margin Of Safety ◽  
Fan Blade ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ply Orientation

Composite fan blade ply lay-up design, which includes ply drop-off/shuffle design and stacking sequence design, makes fan blade structures different from traditional composite structures. It gives designers more freedom to construct high-quality fan blades. However, contemporary fan blade profiles are quite complex and twisted, and fan blade structures are quite different from regular composite structures such as composite laminates and composite wings. The ply drop-off design of a fan blade, especially for a fully 3D fan blade, is still an arduous task. To meet this challenge, this paper develops a ply lay-up way with the help of a software called Fibersim. The fully 3D fan blade is cut into ply pieces in Fibersim. As a result, an initial ply sequence is created and ply shuffle could revise it. Because of the complexity of ply shuffling, the ply shuffle table developed in this paper mainly refers to the design experience gained from simple plate-like laminate structures and some criterion. Besides, the impact of different ply orientation patterns on the reliability of composite fan blade is studied through static and modal numerical analysis. The results show that this ply lay-up idea is feasible for aero engine composite fan blade. Under the calculated rotating speeds, the ply stacking sequence 4 (i.e.[−45°/0°/+45°/0°] with the outer seven groups are [−45°/0°/−45°/0°]) shows the greatest margin of safety compared with other stacking sequences. Modal analysis shows that plies with different angles could have relatively big different impacts on blades vibration characteristics. The composite fan blade ply design route this paper presents has gain its initial success and the results in this paper might be used as basic references for composite blade initial structural design.

Stacking sequence blending of multiple composite laminates using genetic algorithms

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Soremekun ◽  
Zafer Gurdal ◽  
Christos Kassapoglou ◽  
Darryl Toni
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Stacking Sequence

Numerical and experimental evaluation of mechanical performance of the multifunctional energy storage composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110495
Author(s):  
Yinan Wang ◽  
Fu-Kuo Chang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composite

This work presents numerical simulation methods to model the mechanical behavior of the multifunctional energy storage composites (MESCs), which consist of a stack of multiple thin battery layers reinforced with through-the-hole polymer rivets and embedded inside carbon fiber composite laminates. MESC has been demonstrated through earlier experiments on its exceptional behavior as a structural element as well as a battery. However, the inherent complex infrastructure of the MESC design has created significant challenges in simulation and modeling. A novel homogenization technique was adopted to characterize the multi-layer properties of battery material using physics-based constitutive equations combined with nonlinear deformation theories to handle the interface between the battery layers. Second, mechanical damage and failure modes among battery materials, polymer reinforcements, and carbon fiber-polymer interfaces were characterized through appropriate models and experiments. The model of MESCs has been implemented in a commercial finite element code in ABAQUS. A comparison of structural response and failure modes from numerical simulations and experimental tests are presented. The results of the study showed that the predictions of elastic and damage responses of MESCs at various loading conditions agreed well with the experimental data. © 2021

Numerical modeling of failure modes in bolted composite laminates

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Nerilli ◽  
Luca Tarquini ◽  
Michele Marino ◽  
Giuseppe Vairo
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Failure Modes
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