Application of Numerical Simulations to Evaluate Components of Potential Difference in Solution

2009 ◽  
pp. 142-142-12
Author(s):  
V Farozic ◽  
G Prentice
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Potential Difference

Electromechanical Instability of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators With Active and Inactive Electric Regions

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul Kumar Sharma ◽  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
A. Singh ◽  
D. M. Joglekar ◽  
M. M. Joglekar
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
Breakdown Point ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Potential Difference ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer Actuators ◽  
Boundary Constraint ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Electromechanical Instability ◽  
Complex Boundary

Electrically driven dielectric elastomers (DEs) suffer from an electromechanical instability (EMI) when the applied potential difference reaches a critical value. A majority of the past investigations address the mechanics of this operational instability by restricting the kinematics to homogeneous deformations. However, a DE membrane comprising both active and inactive electric regions undergoes inhomogeneous deformation, thus necessitating the solution of a complex boundary value problem. This paper reports the numerical and experimental investigation of such DE actuators with a particular emphasis on the EMI in quasistatic mode of actuation. The numerical simulations are performed using an in-house finite element framework developed based on the field theory of deformable dielectrics. Experiments are performed on the commercially available acrylic elastomer (VHB 4910) at varying levels of prestretch and proportions of the active to inactive areas. In particular, two salient features associated with the electromechanical response are addressed: the effect of the flexible boundary constraint and the locus of the dielectric breakdown point. To highlight the influence of the flexible boundary constraint, the estimates of the threshold value of potential difference on the onset of electromechanical instability are compared with the experimental observations and with those obtained using the lumped parameter models reported previously. Additionally, a locus of localized thinning, near the boundary of the active electric region, is identified using the numerical simulations and ascertained through the experimental observations. Finally, an approach based on the Airy stress function is suggested to justify the phenomenon of localized thinning leading to the dielectric breakdown.

Saturation mechanism and generated viscosity in gravito-turbulent accretion disks

2020 ◽  
Vol 640 ◽  
pp. A53
Author(s):  
L. Löhnert ◽  
S. Krätschmer ◽  
A. G. Peeters
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Accretion Disks ◽  
Gravitational Instability ◽  
Turbulent Viscosity ◽  
Radial Distance ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Radiative Cooling ◽  
Mixing Length

Here, we address the turbulent dynamics of the gravitational instability in accretion disks, retaining both radiative cooling and irradiation. Due to radiative cooling, the disk is unstable for all values of the Toomre parameter, and an accurate estimate of the maximum growth rate is derived analytically. A detailed study of the turbulent spectra shows a rapid decay with an azimuthal wave number stronger than ky−3, whereas the spectrum is more broad in the radial direction and shows a scaling in the range kx−3 to kx−2. The radial component of the radial velocity profile consists of a superposition of shocks of different heights, and is similar to that found in Burgers’ turbulence. Assuming saturation occurs through nonlinear wave steepening leading to shock formation, we developed a mixing-length model in which the typical length scale is related to the average radial distance between shocks. Furthermore, since the numerical simulations show that linear drive is necessary in order to sustain turbulence, we used the growth rate of the most unstable mode to estimate the typical timescale. The mixing-length model that was obtained agrees well with numerical simulations. The model gives an analytic expression for the turbulent viscosity as a function of the Toomre parameter and cooling time. It predicts that relevant values of α = 10−3 can be obtained in disks that have a Toomre parameter as high as Q ≈ 10.

CHARACTERIZATION OF SPLASH-PLATE ATOMIZERS USING NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad P. Fard ◽  
Denise Levesque ◽  
Stuart Morrison ◽  
Nasser Ashgriz ◽  
J. Mostaghimi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations
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