Correlation of Wood Smoke Produced from NBS Smoke Chamber and OSU Heat Release Apparatus

2009 ◽  
pp. 135-135-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
HC Tran
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Wood Smoke ◽  
Smoke Chamber

Effect of Zinc, Zinc Oxide and Zinc Borate on the Flammability of Polycarbonate

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramazan Benrashid ◽  
Gordon L. Nelson ◽  
Donald J. Ferm ◽  
Leland W. Chew
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Ohio State University ◽  
Zinc Borate ◽  
State University ◽  
Dsc Studies ◽  
Release Studies ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Smoke Chamber

Polycarbonate was blended with zinc, zinc borate (2ZnO·3B2O 3·3.5H2O) and zinc oxide. Blends made of zinc/polycarbonate and especially zinc borate/polycarbonate show major improvement in oxygen index values. Ohio State University (OSU) heat release studies show reduction in heat release only for zinc borate/polycarbonate blends compared to virgin polycarbonate. No improvement in smoke suppression was observed from NBS Smoke Chamber studies for these blends. From DSC studies there was a low ering of Tg's. Thermogravimetric analyses show the blends have lower tempera ture stability in nitrogen (50% weight loss) compared to a control.

Synergistic Fire Performance Between Metal or Metal Filled Organic Coatings and Engineering Plastics

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 371-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramazan Benrashid ◽  
Gordon L. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Epoxy Coating ◽  
Zinc Borate ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Epoxy Coatings ◽  
Engineering Plastics ◽  
Release Data ◽  
Smoke Chamber

Metal filled organic and EMI coatings affect the fire performance properties of engineering plastics. Zinc arc spray, zinc/epoxy, and zinc borate/epoxy coatings on modified-polyphenylene oxide (m-PPO) are particu larly effective. The results from non-flaming NBS smoke chamber tests show a dramatic reduction in smoke for zinc and zinc borate coatings, whereas a ZnO coating did not show the same effect. Heat release data (Radiant Panel) for these samples show lower Q values for zinc, zinc borate coatings compared to m-PPO, epoxy coated m-PPO and ZnO epoxy coated m-PPO. The Fs values for zinc and zinc borate coatings are low compared to a m-PPO control and ZnO coated m-PPO. Polycarbonate structural foam sheet was coated with epoxy coatings filled with zinc, zinc borate, or ZnO. NBS Smoke Chamber data in the non-flaming mode for zinc or ZnO coatings do not show an improvement in smoke produc tion, but a zinc borate epoxy coating does have a reductive effect on smoke. Ra diant Panel Q was low for all coated samples compared to a control. Fs values also were low for coated samples. From OSU heat release data the zinc borate/epoxy coating shows a low heat release rate and the zinc/epoxy coating a much delayed heat release rate. Data for smoke (2 min) was low for coated samples compared to a control, but for smoke (peak) only zinc borate demon strated the potential for significant smoke reduction.

Effect of Environmental Weathering on the Flammability Behavior of Polycarbonate Sheet

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 452-480
Author(s):  
Ramazan Benrashid ◽  
Gordon L. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Natural Weathering ◽  
Exposed Surface ◽  
Radiant Panel ◽  
Smoke Chamber ◽  
Early Weight Loss

Polycarbonate sheet installed as windows in a house in Newton, Massachusetts, was subjected to natural weathering for a period of 12 years. The surface of the sheet turned yellow. The coating material on the surface was peeled off, then the exposed layers of polycarbonate surface carefully removed. The DSC of the exposed surface showed multiple transitions compared to a con trol which showed only one Tg. TGA studies showed early weight loss for the ex posed polycarbonate compared to the control. Flammability studies including Oxygen Index, Radiant Panel, OSU Heat Release Rate Calorimetry and NBS Smoke Chamber showed an increase in the flammability of exposed sheet com pared to a 12 year aged control. Reasons for this increase in flammability are discussed.

A murine model of smoke inhalation

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (4) ◽  
pp. L716-L723 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Matthew ◽  
G. Warden ◽  
J. Dedman
Keyword(s):  
Murine Model ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Wood Smoke ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Type Ii Cell ◽  
Smoke Chamber ◽  
Structural Fires

The United States has one of the world's largest per capita fire death rates. House fires alone kill >9,000 Americans annually, and smoke inhalation is the leading cause of mortality from structural fires. Animal models are needed to develop therapies to combat this problem. We have developed a murine model of smoke inhalation through the design, construction, and use of a controlled-environment smoke chamber. There is a direct relationship between the quantity of wood combusted and mortality in mice. As with human victims, the primary cause of death from smoke inhalation is an elevated blood carboxyhemoglobin level. Lethal (78%) and sublethal (50%) carboxyhemoglobin levels were obtained in mice subjected to varying amounts of smoke. Mice exposed to wood smoke demonstrated more dramatic pathology than mice exposed to cotton or polyurethane smoke. A CD-1 model of wood smoke exposure was developed, demonstrating type II cell hypertrophy, cytoplasmic blebbing, cytoplasmic vacuolization, sloughing, hemorrhage, edema, macrophage infiltration, and lymphocyte infiltration. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of smoke-exposed mice demonstrated a significant increase in total cell counts compared with those in control mice. These findings are comparable to the lung tissue response observed in human victims of smoke inhalation.

Dynamics of Subcooled Liquid with Pulse Heat Release in a Heater

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
E. A. Tairov ◽  
B. G. Pokusaev ◽  
D. A. Kazenin ◽  
S. A. Chizhikov ◽  
L. V. Syskov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Subcooled Liquid ◽  
Pulse Heat

CONTROL OF HEAT RELEASE ENERGY DURING HEATING FROM SOLID-SOLID PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryohei Gotoh ◽  
Tsuyoshi Totani ◽  
Masashi Wakita ◽  
Harunori Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Change Material

SURFACE HEAT RELEASE OF HTPB-BASED FUELS IN OXYGEN RICH ENVIRONMENTS

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 101-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant A. Risha ◽  
George C. Harting ◽  
Kenneth K. Kuo ◽  
Arie Peretz ◽  
Donald E. Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Surface Heat
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