Improvements in Water Dispersibility and Stability of Starch-Containing Agricultural Formulations Using Vinylpyrrolidone Copolymers

2009 ◽  
pp. 55-55-7
Author(s):  
RH Goehner ◽  
KS Narayanan ◽  
JF Curry
Keyword(s):  
Water Dispersibility

scholarly journals Water lubrication of graphene oxide-based materials

Friction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoqing Xue ◽  
Hanglin Li ◽  
Yumei Guo ◽  
Baohua Zhang ◽  
Jiusheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Lubrication Theory ◽  
Lubricant Additives ◽  
Water Lubrication ◽  
Broad Application ◽  
Water Dispersibility ◽  
Metal Processing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ph Concentration

AbstractWater is as an economic, eco-friendly, and efficient lubricant that has gained widespread attention for manufacturing. Using graphene oxide (GO)-based materials can improve the lubricant efficacy of water lubrication due to their outstanding mechanical properties, water dispersibility, and broad application scenarios. In this review, we offer a brief introduction about the background of water lubrication and GO. Subsequently, the synthesis, structure, and lubrication theory of GO are analyzed. Particular attention is focused on the relationship between pH, concentration, and lubrication efficacy when discussing the tribology behaviors of pristine GO. By compounding or reacting GO with various modifiers, amounts of GO-composites are synthesized and applied as lubricant additives or into frictional pairs for different usage scenarios. These various strategies of GO-composite generate interesting effects on the tribology behaviors. Several application cases of GO-based materials are described in water lubrication, including metal processing and bio-lubrication. The advantages and drawbacks of GO-composites are then discussed. The development of GO-based materials for water lubrication is described including some challenges.

scholarly journals Highly Water Dispersible Functionalized Graphene by Thermal Thiol-Ene Click Chemistry

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2830
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Farivar ◽  
Pei Lay Yap ◽  
Tran Thanh Tung ◽  
Dusan Losic
Keyword(s):  
Click Reaction ◽  
High Water ◽  
Pristine Graphene ◽  
Functionalized Graphene ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Water Dispersible ◽  
Chemical Hazards ◽  
Water Dispersibility ◽  
C And N

Functionalization of pristine graphene to achieve high water dispersibility remains as a key obstacle owing to the high hydrophobicity and absence of reactive functional groups on the graphene surface. Herein, a green and simple modification approach to prepare highly dispersible functionalized graphene via thermal thiol-ene click reaction was successfully demonstrated on pristine graphene. Specific chemical functionalities (–COO, –NH2 and –S) on the thiol precursor (L-cysteine ethyl ester) were clicked directly on the sp2 carbon of graphene framework with grafting density of 1 unit L-cysteine per 113 carbon atoms on graphene. This functionalized graphene was confirmed with high atomic content of S (4.79 at % S) as well as the presence of C–S–C and N–H species on the L-cysteine functionalized graphene (FG-CYS). Raman spectroscopy evidently corroborated the modification of graphene to FG-CYS with an increased intensity ratio of D and G band, ID/IG ratio (0.3 to 0.7), full-width at half-maximum of G band, FWHM [G] (20.3 to 35.5) and FWHM [2D] (64.8 to 90.1). The use of ethanol as the reaction solvent instead of common organic solvents minimizes the chemical hazards exposure to humans and the environment. This direct attachment of multifunctional groups on the surface of pristine graphene is highly demanded for graphene ink formulations, coatings, adsorbents, sensors and supercapacitor applications.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Genistein-Loaded Zein/Carboxymethyl Chitosan Nanoparticles with Improved Water Dispersibility, Enhanced Antioxidant Activity, and Controlled Release Property

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1604
Author(s):  
Yu Xiao ◽  
Chi-Tang Ho ◽  
Yulian Chen ◽  
Yuanliang Wang ◽  
Zihao Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Release Property ◽  
Water Dispersibility

Genistein is one of major isoflavones derived from soybean products and it is believed to have beneficial effects on human health. However, its low water-solubility and poor oral bioavailability severely hamper its use as a functional food ingredient or for pharmaceutical industry. In this study, zein and zein/carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) nanoparticles were prepared to encapsulate genistein using a combined liquid–liquid phase separation method. The physicochemical properties of fabricated nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results demonstrated that genistein encapsulated with zein nanoparticles significantly improved its water dispersibility, antioxidant activity in the aqueous phase, and photostability against UV light. Moreover, genistein encapsulated in zein nanoparticles showed a sustained release property. Furthermore, it was found that encapsulation efficiency of genistein was significantly enhanced after CMCS coating, and this effect was more pronounced after the complex nanoparticles cross-linked with calcium ions when compared with the use of zein as a single encapsulant. In addition, compared to zein nanoparticles without biopolymer coating, CMCS coating significantly enhanced the thermal and storage stability of the formed nanoparticles, and delayed the release of genistein. A schematic diagram of zein and zein/carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) nanoparticles formation mechanism for encapsulation of genistein was proposed. According to the results of the current study, it could be concluded that encapsulation of genistein in zein/CMCS nanoparticles is a promising approach to improve its water dispersibility, antioxidant activity, photostability against UV light and provide controlled release for food/pharmaceutical applications.

scholarly journals Enhanced Water Dispersibility of Discrete Chalcogenide Nanoclusters with a Sodalite-Net Loose-Packing Pattern in a Crystal Lattice

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (21) ◽  
pp. 15587-15594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaozhuang Xue ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Xiang Wang ◽  
Dandan Hu ◽  
Xiao-Li Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Lattice ◽  
Loose Packing ◽  
Water Dispersibility

Improved water dispersibility and photostability in folic acid nanoparticles with transglycosylated naringin using combined processes of wet-milling and freeze-drying

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumi Semba ◽  
Kazunori Kadota ◽  
Hiroshi Arima ◽  
Akihito Nakanishi ◽  
Mahamadou Tandia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Combined Processes ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Water Dispersibility
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