Exposure Test Results for Inkjet Inks in Interior Light Environments

2008 ◽  
pp. 87-87-16
Author(s):  
RM Fischer ◽  
W Ketola
Keyword(s):  
Test Results ◽  
Exposure Test

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION INTO U.S. OUTDOOR EXPOSURE TEST SITES AND EXPOSURE TEST RESULTS IN MIYAKO ISLAND, JPN AND SOUTH FLORIDA, U.S.

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (54) ◽  
pp. 391-396
Author(s):  
Teruo KONDO ◽  
Makoto SUZUKI ◽  
Akira KONDO ◽  
Yoshimitsu GOTO ◽  
Nobuyuki SATO
Keyword(s):  
Outdoor Exposure ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Exposure Test ◽  
Outdoor Exposure Test

Detailed mechanisms of hydrogen charging and hydrogen stress cracking of steel in liquid ammonia storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Louis Crolet
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Redox Equilibrium ◽  
Exposure Test ◽  
Free Corrosion Potential ◽  
Hydrogen Charging ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
High Potentials ◽  
The One

The available polarisation curves of the literature are analysed in view of the theoretical analysis of the corrosive medium in Part I (J.-L. Crolet, Matériaux & Techniques 107, 401, 2019) and the new views on passivation and hydrogen charging. The accurate electrochemical conditions of the respective cathodic and “anodic” hydrogen charging are thus defined, or more exactly the paradox of a protonic cathodic reaction only running at high potential. Similarly in the available exposure test results, the locus of the ternary redox equilibrium between ammonia and its two decisive contaminants, oxygen and water, separates contaminated ammonia into two domains, on the one hand, a safe domain where the undersaturated oxygen cannot act as an oxidiser, hence no anodic HSC at the free corrosion potential, and on the other hand, a dangerous domain where oxygen is supersaturated, hence oxidising conditions, steel passivation, high potentials, anodic charging and anodic HSC. Likewise, all the known features of this environmental cracking are also explained, with no exception nor contradiction, including the differences between the liquid and vapour phases. An experimental method is also proposed to directly check the occurrence of anodic charging, and proposals are also made for at the same time improving safety and reducing operational or capital expenditures.

Exposure Test of FRP-Reinforced Concrete Structure in Temperate Marine Tide Zone

2012 ◽  
Vol 166-169 ◽  
pp. 538-542
Author(s):  
Ming Jin Chu ◽  
Zhi Juan Sun ◽  
Hui Chen Cui ◽  
Ke Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Concrete Structure ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structure ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Concrete Member ◽  
Exposure Test ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Member ◽  
Marine Zone

Through exposure test of FRP-reinforced concrete member in littoral test area of temperate marine zone, the durability and constructional measures of FRP-reinforced concrete structure are investigated. The test results show that FRP shell on the surface of FRP-reinforced concrete member is effective in avoiding wave flush, freezing and thawing damage, preventing chloride ion corrosion and improving durability. On the other hand, reliable measures should be taken to protect concrete structures with no FRP shell on the surface. Based on above, the provided reference for evaluation durability of FRP-reinforced concrete structure, and proper constructional measures for FRP-reinforced concrete structure are presented.

Outdoor Exposure Test of Concrete Containing Supplementary Cementitious Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
pp. 1076-1083
Author(s):  
Eisuke Nakamura ◽  
Yuki Kurihara ◽  
Hirohisa Koga
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Outdoor Exposure ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Chloride Ingress ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Exposure Test ◽  
Outdoor Exposure Test ◽  
Exposure Testing ◽  
Chloride Profiles

An outdoor exposure test was conducted to investigate the resistances of concrete containing supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to carbonation and chloride ingress at three outdoor exposure testing sites in Japan. The test results indicated that concrete specimens containing larger amounts of SCMs exhibited larger carbonation depths but the carbonation rates decreased as the testing period was extended. Additionally, the resistance to chloride ingress was improved by the use of SCMs in cases where the carbonation depths were negligible. Concrete specimens containing high-volume SCMs, however, showed inverse chloride profiles due to large carbonation depths; chloride contents were low in zones of carbonation but large beyond these zones. The resistance to carbonation was found crucial for preventing reinforcement corrosion induced by not only carbonation but also incidental chloride ingress in concrete containing high-volume SCMs.

Numerical Simulation on Chloride Ions Diffusion in Concrete

2011 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 348-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wang ◽  
Gang Xu ◽  
Jun Wei
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Exposure Test ◽  
Modified Model ◽  
Chloride Ions Diffusion

Allowing for the analogy between ions diffusion and heat transfer, the numerical simulation on chloride ions diffusion in concrete can be realized following the thermal analysis module in the large general FEA software ANSYS, by reasonable equivalent of parameters. It is based on the modified model for Fick’s second diffusion law, taking the factors of temperature, humidity and time etc. into account. Hereby, the numerical simulation method is established for predicting the chloride concentration distribution with time in concrete, testified by the coastal exposure test. The test results confirm the efficiency and feasibility of the method.

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