Gamma-Radiation Annealing to Mitigate Neutron-Induced Degradation of Both Model and Structural Reactor Materials

2008 ◽  
pp. 525-525-10
Author(s):  
VI Karpukhin ◽  
YA Krasikov ◽  
VA Nikolaenko ◽  
YI Shtrombakh
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Radiation Annealing ◽  
Reactor Materials

scholarly journals Erratum - In the article "Rapid and long-term gamma-radiation annealing in low-dropout voltage regulators" by Vladimir Dj. Vukic

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-305
Author(s):  
E Editorial
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Voltage Regulators ◽  
Nuclear Technology ◽  
Technical Preparation ◽  
Radiation Annealing ◽  
Font Color

Published in the Nuclear Technology & Radiation Protection journal, 32 (2017), 2, pp. 155-165, during the technical preparation of the article, errors in equations (1) and (3) and in the accompanying texts were made. <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the corrected article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/NTRP1702155V">10.2298/NTRP1702155V</a></b></u>

scholarly journals Rapid and long-term gamma-radiation annealing in low-dropout voltage regulators

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-165
Author(s):  
Vladimir Vukic
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Charge Trapping ◽  
Radiation Sensitivity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Voltage Regulators ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Radiation Annealing ◽  
Quiescent Current

Samples of four types of low-dropout voltage regulators, with both serial pnp and npn transistors, were examined in room-temperature isothermal gamma radiation annealing. After uninterrupted exposure to a total ionising dose of 500 Gy, biased and loaded voltage regulators were examined in room-temperature annealing within the first 30 minutes after the exposure. Beside the on-line measurement of output voltage and quiescent current during the thirty-minute period immediately after irradiation, also results were procured after 10-year room-temperature spontaneous recovery. Data obtained during the irradiation and rapid annealing were fitted with linear, exponential, and power-law regression functions. A simple procedure was proposed, based on the quiescent current annealing factor, for the quick estimation of the integrated voltage regulator's radiation sensitivity during the post-irradiation isothermal annealing. In order to estimate the circuit's radiation sensitivity, immediately after irradiation, tested devices have to be left in the same operating conditions as during the exposure. If a clear trend of the quiescent current recovery can be observed, further examinations have to be implemented to estimate if a circuit is acceptably radiation-tolerant. If no recovery trend can be observed within the first hour after irradiation, or even further degradation is noticed, then the examined voltage regulator is a radiation-sensitive device and cannot be used in radiation environments. The described procedure is based on the macroscopic effects of the radiation-induced charge-trapping in field oxides and interfaces. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 171007: Physical and functional effects of the interaction of radiation with electrical and biological systems] <br><br><font color="red"><b> This article has been corrected. Link to the correction <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/NTRP1703305E">10.2298/NTRP1703305E</a><u></b></font>

Effects of sterilization modes on the mechanical strengths of plaster of paris implants

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 890-891
Author(s):  
K. Cowden ◽  
B. Giammara ◽  
T. Devine ◽  
J. Hanker
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Radiation Sterilization ◽  
Plaster Of Paris ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate

Plaster of Paris (calcium sulfate hemihydrate, CaSO4. ½ H2O) has been used as a biomedical implant material since 1892. One of the primary limiting factors of these implants is their mechanical properties. These materials have low compressive and tensile strengths when compared to normal bone. These are important limiting factors where large biomechanical forces exist. Previous work has suggested that sterilization techniques could affect the implant’s strength. A study of plaster of Paris implant mechanical and physical properties to find optimum sterilization techniques therefore, could lead to a significant increase in their application and promise for future use as hard tissue prosthetic materials.USG Medical Grade Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate Types A, A-1 and B, were sterilized by dry heat and by gamma radiation. Types A and B were additionally sterilized with and without the setting agent potassium sulfate (K2SO4). The plaster mixtures were then moistened with a minimum amount of water and formed into disks (.339 in. diameter x .053 in. deep) in polyethylene molds with a microspatula. After drying, the disks were fractured with a Stokes Hardness Tester. The compressive strengths of the disks were obtained directly from the hardness tester. Values for the maximum tensile strengths σo were then calculated: where (P = applied compression, D = disk diameter, and t = disk thickness). Plaster disks (types A and B) that contained no setting agent showed a significant loss in strength with either dry heat or gamma radiation sterilization. Those that contained potassium sulfate (K2SO4) did not show a significant loss in strength with either sterilization technique. In all comparisons (with and without K2SO4 and with either dry heat or gamma radiation sterilization) the type B plaster had higher compressive and tensile strengths than that of the type A plaster. The type A-1 plaster however, which is specially modified for accelerated setting, was comparable to that of type B with K2SO4 in both compressive and tensile strength (Table 1).

The evolution of the microstructure of 600 Mev proton irradiated materials

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1002-1003
Author(s):  
R. Gotthardt ◽  
A. Horsewell ◽  
F. Paschoud ◽  
S. Proennecke ◽  
M. Victoria
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
Defect Clusters ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Stacking Fault Tetrahedra ◽  
Small Defect ◽  
Sufficient Intensity ◽  
Reactor Materials ◽  
Metallic Impurities ◽  
Beam Technique

Fusion reactor materials will be damaged by an intense field of energetic neutrons. There is no neutron source of sufficient intensity at these energies available at present, so the material properties are being correlated with those obtained in irradiation with other irradiation sorces. Irradiation with 600 MeV protons produces both displacement damage and impurities due to nuclear reactions. Helium and hydrogen are produced as gaseous impurities. Other metallic impurities are also created . The main elements of the microstructure observed after irradiation in the PIREX facility, are described in the following paragraphs.A. Defect clusters at low irradiation doses: In specimens irradiated to very low doses (1021-1024 protons.m-2), so that there is no superimposition of contrast, small defect clusters have been observed by the weak beam technique. Detailed analysis of the visible contrast (>0.5 nm diameter) revealed the presence of stacking fault tetrahedra, dislocation loops and a certain number of unidentified clusters . Typical results in Cu and Au are shown in Fig. 1.

Use of the comet assay to measure DNA damage in cells exposed to photosensitizers and gamma radiation

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-P. Pouget ◽  
J.-L. Ravanat ◽  
T. Douki ◽  
M.-J. Richard ◽  
J. Cadet
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
In Cells

National primary standard of air kerma, air kerma rate, exposure, exposure rate and energy flux for X-rays and gamma radiation GET 8-2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Alexandr V. Oborin ◽  
Anna Y. Villevalde ◽  
Sergey G. Trofimchuk
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Energy Flux ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Exposure Rate ◽  
Ionization Chambers ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Air Kerma Rate

The results of development of the national primary standard of air kerma, air kerma rate, exposure, exposure rate and energy flux for X-rays and gamma radiation GET 8-2011 in 2019 are presented according to the recommendations of the ICRU Report No. 90 “Key Data for Ionizing-Radiation Dosimetry: Measurement Standards and Applications”. The following changes are made to the equations for the units determination with the standard: in the field of X-rays, new correction coefficients of the free-air ionization chambers are introduced and the relative standard uncertainty of the average energy to create an ion pair in air is changed; in the field of gamma radiation, the product of the average energy to create an ion pair in air and the electron stopping-power graphite to air ratio for the cavity ionization chambers is changed. More accurate values of the units reproduced by GET 8-2019 are obtained and new metrological characteristics of the standard are stated.

Intense bursts of cosmic gamma radiation

1975 ◽  
Vol 116 (7) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.F. Prilutskii ◽  
I.L. Rozental' ◽  
V.V. Usov
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation

The diffuse cosmic gamma radiation

1980 ◽  
Vol 132 (12) ◽  
pp. 700
Author(s):  
A.M. Gal'per ◽  
Yu.D. Kotov ◽  
B.I. Luchkov
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation
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