New Approach to Determine Standard Deviation and Precision Estimates for ASTM D4867/D4867M and AASHTO T283

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 20200680
Author(s):  
Jason Bausano ◽  
Richard Steger
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Aashto T283

A Simple Method for Estimating the Parameters of the Beta Distribution Applied to Modeling Uncertainty in Gas Turbine Inlet Temperature

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic A. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Beta Distribution ◽  
Conventional Approach ◽  
Algebraic Solution ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Shape Parameters ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
New Approach ◽  
A Value

The beta distribution is a particularly convenient model for random variables when only the minimum, maximum and most likely values are available. It is also very useful for estimating the mean and standard deviation given this information. In this paper a simple method is proposed to estimate the beta parameters from these three values. The proposed method has advantages over the conventional approach. In the conventional approach, the four parameters of the beta distribution are determined from only three values by assuming a standard deviation that is one-sixth the range. In contrast, the new method assumes a value for one of the beta shape parameters based on an analogy with the normal distribution. This new approach allows for a very simple algebraic solution of the beta shape parameters in contrast to the simultaneous solution required by the conventional method. The results of the proposed method are very similar to the conventional method. However, the proposed method generally gives a slightly higher (more conservative) estimate of the standard deviation when the distribution is skewed. In addition, the new approach allows the standard deviation to vary as the shape or skew of the distribution varies. Both methods were applied to modeling the probability distribution of temperature.

A New Approach to Model Heterogonous Recrystallization Kinetics Based on the Natural Inhomogeneity of Deformation

2007 ◽  
Vol 558-559 ◽  
pp. 1139-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Wen Luo ◽  
Lian Zi An ◽  
Hong Wei Ni
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Strain Distribution ◽  
Distribution Density ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Avrami Exponent ◽  
Recrystallization Process ◽  
Rate Parameter ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Modified Equation

The classical JMAK equation was modified by combination with distribution density of the rate parameter k, which was deduced from a normal distribution of local strain. The modified equation is able to calculate the JMAK plots and the average Avrami exponent to characterize the entire heterogeneous recrystallization process. This new extension can successfully describe the relevant experimental observations, such as a smaller exponent than the basic JMAK theory predicts, and a decreasing slope of JMAK plots with the proceeding recrystallization. Moreover, it reveals that the Avrami exponent observed experimentally should significantly decrease with the increasing standard deviation of local strain distribution. In addition, it has a great potential to explain why most of experimentally observed values of Avrami exponents are less than 2 and why the Avrami exponent is insensitive to temperature and deformation conditions when the real standard deviation of local strain distribution in deformed metals is known.

Texture Segmentation and Contour Extraction of Warp Knitting Jacquard Fabric Image

2012 ◽  
Vol 201-202 ◽  
pp. 1203-1206
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang ◽  
You Cheng Tong ◽  
Jun Zhou Yao
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Texture Segmentation ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Daubechies Wavelet ◽  
Contour Extraction ◽  
Canny Operator ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Pyramid Structure

To improve the accuracy and efficiency of warp knitting CAD, a new approach to texture segmentation and contour extraction based on wavelet-transform, K-means clustering and Canny operator is proposed in this paper. The procedure is described as follows. Firstly the Daubechies wavelet and pyramid-structure is selected, then the approach decomposes the low frequency part of the fabric image. Secondly starting from the highest scaling level and considering all the four sub-bands, the image is automatic clustered and segmented by K-means clustering. During the process we should calculate the average mean and standard deviation of the three high-frequency coefficients at the current level and transform the higher scaling level label values to have the same mean and standard deviation. Lastly the texture’s contour of image is traced and extracted by Canny operator. The results show that this approach is a feasible way for jacquard fabric.

scholarly journals A New Approach to Statistical Process Control: Identification of Outliers in Yield Maps

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Danilo Tedesco de Oliveira ◽  
Leonardo Bernache ◽  
Luan Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
Murilo Aparecido Voltarelli ◽  
Rouverson Pereira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Statistical Process Control ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Control Charts ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Individual Control ◽  
Productivity Data

The tools of precision agriculture are of utmost importance in the Brazilian agribusiness, enabling increases in yields and reducing production costs. The use of harvest monitoring systems makes it possible due the possibility to identify pontual problems in an area, however, it becomes necessary to be working properly so it does not acquire incorrect information. Therefore, the purpose with this study was to propose a new approach to identify discrepant points in harvesting maps using statistical process control, as well as to define the best multiple of the standard deviation to identificate these points. The work was conducted during the soybean harvesting at São Geronimo farm in an area of 38 hectares in the municipality of Candido Mota, located in the the state of São Paulo. For gathering information, it was used a Stara crop monitoring system (model Topper Maps) set to record information during harvest in each three second. The productivity data were used to generate an individual control chart to identify points that were out of control so they could be removed. Two standard deviation multiples, that presented an average productivity closer to the average real productivity of the area, were selected. The multiples of the deviations that came closest were the 2σ and 3σ. Two multiples of standard deviation presented an average yield closer to the average real yield of the area. Individual control charts can be used to set control limits and identify possible discrepancies. The multiple of standard deviation 3σ presented information with greater reliability.

Detect Tampered Image: A New Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 3869-3874
Author(s):  
Ting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
High Standard ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Accurate Definition ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Tampered Image ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Localization Approach

Detecting tampered image is a challenging work due to the high volume of image database and the accurate definition of tampering. We propose a novel algorithm based on standard deviation which could detect the tampered automatically, furthermore, localization and extraction process is conducted to optimize the proposed method. Color reduction technique, intensity based method for edge detection and horizontal based localization approach are applied here to fulfill the algorithm. The core idea of the paper is that normally tampered regions process high standard deviation while compared with non-tampered areas. As the result, the output of our algorithm is tampered regions. By presenting promising experience, the performance of proposed method is analyzed. Further application and possible optimization are discussed.

scholarly journals The New Approach to Identification of Parametric and Momentary Damages on the Basis of Lindeberg – Levy’s Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Paweł Lindstedt ◽  
Tomasz Sudakowski ◽  
Artur Kułaszka
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Technical Object ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Reliability Parameters ◽  
Condition Equation ◽  
Lévy’S Theorem ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Damage Map

Abstract The new approach for the assessment of reliability condition of the exploited system, based on the appropriate analysis of changes in the current parameters of technical condition aRb and the regulation condition aRc, determined from the compressed condition equation (1 and 2). While analyzing the course of momentary parameters for technical condition aRb and the regulation condition aRc, it was observed that the parametric and momentary damages can be identified on the basis of quantitative relations between momentary threshold value dpr and corresponding momentary permissible value dpr dop, which are calculated from equation (7, 8, 9) resulting from Lindeberg–Levy’s theorem. It is assumed that the damages are prevailing, when for the moment θi: >dpri> dpr dopi. With the number of damages (damage map), reliability parameters for each moment of exploitation of technical object (before the catastrophic damages will occur) can be determined. Parametric damages (expected lifetime E(T) and standard deviation of expected lifetime σE(T) provides the reasonable information for the appropriate planning of the servicing of exploitative objects.

scholarly journals Radioactive heat production characterization of Ar-Rassafeh Badyieh area (area-2), Syria by using aerial gamma ray spectrometric and fractal modeling techniques

2022 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-39
Author(s):  
Jamal Asfahani
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Fractal Modeling ◽  
Spectrometric Technique ◽  
Modeling Techniques

Aerial gamma-ray spectrometric technique is used herein to evaluate the radioactive heat production (HP) of Ar-Rassafeh Badyieh Area (Area-2), Syria. The nine already established lithological scored units of Area-2 have been separately characterized for the heat production HP parameter. The Concentration-number (C-N) model and the log-log plots associated with fractal technique are proposed and applied as a new approach to map the measured equivalent uranium (eU), the equivalent thorium (eTh), and potassium (K%) and the computed heat production (HP) of Area-2. The HP of Area-2 varies between a minimum of 0.06 and a maximum of 4.28 ?w/m3 with an average of 0.548 ?w/m3 and a standard deviation of 0.27?w/m3. The highest observed HP values are related to the phosphatic environments represented by two lithological scored units A and B.

scholarly journals Measuring precise radial velocities on individual spectral lines

2018 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. A47 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Dumusque
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Spectral Line ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
New Method ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Stellar Activity ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The One ◽  
Individual Line

Context. Stellar activity is the main limitation to the detection of an Earth-twin using the radial-velocity (RV) technique. Despite many efforts in trying to mitigate the effect of stellar activity using empirical and statistical techniques, it seems that we are facing an obstacle that will be extremely difficult to overcome using current techniques. Aims. In this paper, we investigate a novel approach to derive precise RVs considering the wealth of information present in high-resolution spectra. Methods. This new method consists of building a master spectrum from all available observations and measure the RVs of each individual spectral line in a spectrum relative to this master. When analysing several spectra, the final product of this approach is the RVs of each individual line as a function of time. Results. We demonstrate on three stars intensively observed with HARPS that our new method gives RVs that are extremely similar to the one derived from the HARPS data reduction software. Our new approach to derive RVs demonstrates that the non-stability of daily HARPS wavelength solution induces night-to-night RV offsets with an standard deviation of 0.4 m s−1, and we propose a solution to correct for this systematic. Finally, and this is probably the most astrophysically relevant result of this paper, we demonstrate that some spectral lines are strongly affected by stellar activity while others are not. By measuring the RVs on two carefully selected subsample of spectral lines, we demonstrate that we can boost by a factor of two or mitigate by a factor of 1.6 the red noise induced by stellar activity in the 2010 RV measurements of α Cen B. Conclusions. By measuring the RVs of each spectral line, we are able to reach the same RV precision as other approved techniques. In addition, this new approach allows us to demonstrate that each spectral line is differently affected by stellar activity. Preliminary results show that studying in details the behaviour of each spectral line is probably the key to overcome the obstacle of stellar activity.

The O–C diagrams of minor planets − a new approach to modelling the rotation

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
Gy. Szabó ◽  
K. Sárneczky ◽  
L.L. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Error Analysis ◽  
Time Dependence ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Minor Planet ◽  
Minor Planets ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Ccd Observations

AbstractA widely used tool in studying quasi-monoperiodic processes is the O–C diagram. This paper deals with the application of this diagram in minor planet studies. The main difference between our approach and the classical O–C diagram is that we transform the epoch (=time) dependence into the geocentric longitude domain. We outline a rotation modelling using this modified O–C and illustrate the abilities with detailed error analysis. The primary assumption, that the monotonity and the shape of this diagram is (almost) independent of the geometry of the asteroids is discussed and tested. The monotonity enables an unambiguous distinction between the prograde and retrograde rotation, thus the four-fold (or in some cases the two-fold) ambiguities can be avoided. This turned out to be the main advantage of the O–C examination. As an extension to the theoretical work, we present some preliminary results on 1727 Mette based on new CCD observations.

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