Modeling of Cumulative Mass Loss—Time Curves for Six Erosion and Abrasion Test Methods

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 12057
Author(s):  
Y Meged
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Abrasion Test ◽  
Cumulative Mass

Study on Erosion-Abrasion Properties of Al-Mn Alloy and its Composite Reinforced with Al2O3 Particulates

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 599-602
Author(s):  
Bing Liu ◽  
Xin Mei Li ◽  
Yao Ning Sun ◽  
Liu Xiang ◽  
Chun Yao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Abrasion Test ◽  
Cumulative Mass ◽  
Impact Angles

Effects of different impact angles such as 45°and 90°on the erosion-abrasion properties of Al-Mn alloy and its composites reinforced with Al2O3 particulates were studied by rotating erosion-abrasion test, and the failure mechanism were analyzed. The results show that the as-cast Al-Mn alloy is composed of aluminium-manganese solid solution, MnAl6 and Al11Mn4 phase, while the δ-Al2O3 particles are included in the composites besides the aforementioned microstructures. The cumulative mass loss of the Al-Mn alloy and its composites at 45° are both more than those at 90°, however, the loss of the composites are lower than those of the Al-Mn alloy, suggesting that the former possesses more excellent erosion-abrasion resistance properties.

Experimental Study of Ice Friction and Abrasion Test Methods for Polar Paint

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 532-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Rak Cho ◽  
Eun-Jin Oh ◽  
Cheol-Hee Kim ◽  
Jae-Man Lee ◽  
Sung-Pyo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Abrasion Test ◽  
Ice Friction

scholarly journals Geopolymer, Calcium Aluminate, and Portland Cement-Based Mortars: Comparing Degradation Using Acetic Acid

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neven Ukrainczyk ◽  
Murugan Muthu ◽  
Oliver Vogt ◽  
Eddie Koenders
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Calcium Aluminate ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Microstructural Alterations ◽  
Binder Type ◽  
Potential Alternative

In this paper, we comparitvley studied acetic acid attacks on geopolymer (GP-M), calcium aluminate (CAC-M), and Portland cement (PC-M)-based mortars. Consequent formations of deteriorated or transition layers surrounding the unaltered core material was classified in these three mortars, according to different degradation levels depending on what binder type was involved. Apart from mass loss, hardness, and deterioration depth, their microstructural alterations were analyzed using test methods such as scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimeter (TGA-DSC), which showed the different mechanisms for each binder type. Elemental maps revealed the decalcification (PC-M and CAC-M) and depolymerization (GP-M) that occurred across the mortar sections. The mass loss, hardness, and porosity were the least affected for GP-M, followed by CAC-M. These results points out that geopolymer-based mortars have improved acid resistance, which can be used as a potential alternative to conventional cement concretes that have been exposed to agro-industrial environments.

Use of a Radiant Furnace Fire Model to Evaluate Acute Toxicity of Smoke

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Y. Alexeeff ◽  
Steven C. Packham
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Fire Model ◽  
Median Lethal Concentrations ◽  
Yellow Pine ◽  
Southern Yellow Pine ◽  
Lethal Irradiation ◽  
Combustion Toxicity

The design and construction of a radiant furnace are described. Acute toxicity experiments were conducted using the radiant furnace as a fire model to produce smoke from Douglas fir (D. fir), southern yellow pine (SYP), and tempered hard- board (THB). The correlation of blood carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and mortality to irradiation time, smoke concentration, mass loss, carbon monoxide (CO) con centrations, and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations is reported. At 2.5 w/cm 2, toxicity was characterized by post-exposure lethality with sublethal COHb ex posure levels. LC 50's (median lethal concentrations) were 59.5 (D. fir), 66.6 (SYP), and 86.5 mg/L (THB) and the IT50's (median lethal irradiation times) were 6.8 (D. fir), 6.9 (SYP), and 9.3 minutes (THB). For 5.0 w/cm 2, most deaths occurred dur ing the 30 minute exposure and COHb levels were in a lethal range. LC50's at 5.0 w/cm2 were 101.6 (D. fir), 100.1 (SYP), and 58.1 mg/L (THB), and the IT50's were 2.7 (D. fir, SYP) and 2.6 minutes (THB). Data were compared to those produced in other combustion toxicity test methods, and the advantages of the radiant furnace with continuous sample mass-loss monitoring are discussed.

Urinary 3-methylhistidine and progressive winter undernutrition in white-tailed deer

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 2090-2095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn D DelGiudice ◽  
Ken D Kerr ◽  
L David Mech ◽  
Michael R Riggs ◽  
Ulysses S Seal
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Nutritional Restriction ◽  
Muscle Catabolism ◽  
Cumulative Mass ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Physiological indicators of muscle catabolism would aid assessment of winter nutritional restriction of ungulates, and urinary 3-methylhistidine has exhibited potential in this regard in several species. We examined the effect of chronic moderate and severe nutritional restriction during winter on urinary 3-methylhistidine:creatinine ratios in seven adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and the relationship of these ratios to urinary urea nitrogen:creatinine ratios. Mean base line estimates of urinary 3-methylhistidine:creatinine ratio for the control and severely restricted deer (0.043 and 0.086 µmol:mg, respectively) were similar (P = 0.280) and remained unchanged in the control deer throughout the study. In contrast, mean 3-methylhistidine:creatinine ratios increased dramatically as nutritional restriction and cumulative mass loss progressed; the quadratic component of the data for the chronically restricted deer was significant (P < 0.001). Likewise, there was a strong curvilinear relationship (R2 = 0.82) between cumulative mass loss (up to 29%) of the pooled deer and urinary 3-methylhistidine:creatinine ratios. Further, urinary urea nitrogen:creatinine ratios were strongly related to 3-methylhistidine:creatinine ratios (r2 = 0.89). Our study indicates that further investigation of 3-methylhistidine as an indicator of physical condition and muscle protein breakdown is warranted.

Investigation into Laboratory Abrasion Test Methods for Pervious Concrete

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 886-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Dong ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Baoshan Huang ◽  
Xiang Shu ◽  
Kejin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Pervious Concrete ◽  
Abrasion Test

Corrosivity Test Methods for Polymeric Materials. Part 4- Cone Corrosimeter Test Method

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-195
Author(s):  
James G. Bennett ◽  
Stephen L. Kessel ◽  
Charles E. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Corrosion Test ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Test Protocol

This is the fourth in a series of papers to investigate corrosivity test methods published by the Polyolefins Fire Performance Council, an operating unit of The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. In the first paper, 24 polymeric materials were evaluated for smoke corro sivity following the test method proposed by ASTM E05.21.70 which uses a ra diant combustion/exposure apparatus. The second paper discussed the evalua tion of the same materials using the CNET corrosion test method under consideration by ISO TC61/SC4/WG2 and IEC TC89/WG3 and compared the CNET results with the ASTM E05.21.70 results. In the third paper, the 24 poly meric materials were evaluated using a modified DIN acid gas test method and the results were compared to both the previous ASTM E05.21.70 and CNET results. These commercially available polymeric materials cover a broad range of compositions used for wire and cable insulation and jacketing. In this paper, the same polymeric materials were evaluated following the "Fire Response Standard for Determining the Corrosive Effect of Combustion Products Using a Cone Corrosimeter" proposed by ASTM D09.21.04. In this test method, a specimen is subjected to radiant heat at the recommended heat flux using a spark igniter to ignite combustible vapors. A portion of the pro ducts of decomposition or combustion are channeled in a dynamic mode through an exposure chamber in which corrosion targets are placed until the specimen has lost 70% of its total available mass loss. The mass loss is deter mined from previous experiments at the recommended heat flux. When the specimen has lost 70% of its mass loss, the exposure chamber is sealed and iso lated. The corrosion of the target is determined by exposing the target to the now static combustion products for one hour measured from the start of the test. The target is then placed in an environmental chamber at 75% relative humidity at 23°C for 24 hours. The test method measures the increase in elec trical resistance of a metallic circuit. This increase is related to the decrease in conductive cross-sectional area resulting from metal loss due to corrosion. The increase in electrical resistance of each target is determined throughout the test and correlated to its metal loss. The 24 hour corrosion value is reported as metal loss in angstroms. In this study, heat fluxes of 25 and 50 kW/m2 were used to simulate two dif ferent fire scenarios. All of the materials were run at 50 kW/m2 and 12 materials were run at 25 kW/m 2. Two targets, one with a span of 2,500 Å and the second with a span of 45,000 A were used during each test at each heat flux. The results of this study indicate that the measured corrosivity of materials: (1) does not correlate consistent with the expectations based upon the known chemis try of their compositions (2) varies numerically with the heat flux under which the tests are run and on the target used to obtain the corrosion data and (3) although numerically different, loosely ranks the corrosive potentials of the materials in a consistent manner at both heat fluxes and with both targets. The test protocol does not specify either the heat flux or the targets to be used recommending both in the appendix. As corrosion values are numerically de pendent on the conditions and target used to obtain the data, it is questionable how this test method can be used as a standard for determining and comparing the corrosion potentials of materials without requiring that both the specific heat flux and the target be specified in the test protocol as well as be reported with the results. To complete the review of corrosion test methods, a comparison of the corro sive potentials of the 24 materials using the four test methods will be made and one test method recommended for use as a global standard.

scholarly journals A comparative study of using a wooden storage box and storage platform for white yam tuber storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Timothy AKPENPUUN ◽  
Banjo AKINYEMI ◽  
Tayo OYESOMI
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
White Yam ◽  
Tuber Sprouting ◽  
Cumulative Mass ◽  
Storage Structures ◽  
And Storage

<p>The study was undertaken to evaluate the performances of an experimental box and platform, as storage structures for white yam tubers (<em>Dioscorea rotundata </em>Poir.). The criteria used for evaluation were the degree of mass loss during storage, tuber sprouting and rotting during the 20 weeks storageperiod: March - June 2015. Measurements of temperatures and relative humidity of the storage environment were taken three times daily during the period. Mass loss in each tuber was measured weekly while sprouts were removed from tubers weekly. Results show that the average temperature and relative humidity in the experimental box were 29.7 °C and 78.6 % respectively, while for the platform, they were 30.7 °C and 76.5 %., respectively. Rotting was completely absent on tubers in both storage approaches. White yam tubers stored in the box exhibited a cumulative mass loss of 9 %, while on the platform, it was15.0 %. The experimental box performed better in respect to mass loss and nutritional composition.</p>

scholarly journals Chemical and thermal characterizations of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus pinaster

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 3604-3620
Author(s):  
Gulnur Mertoglu Elmas ◽  
Nural Yilgor
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection

Chemical and thermal aspects of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus pinaster were characterized, with consideration of non-extracted and cylohexane-ethanol (EtOH)-extracted woods, holocellulose, and α-cellulose. The chemical properties including cylohexane-EtOH solubility of wood were determined by standard test methods, holocellulose, α-cellulose, lignin, and ash components. Fourier transform infrared–attenuated total reflection spectroscopic (FTIR-ATR) analysis revealed changes in the chemical structure of the specimens. Lignin peaks were still observed in holocelluloses’ spectra, and substantial loss of polysaccharides were also detected. Moreover, the α-cellulose spectra of both softwoods included bands belonging to polyoses. Pinus pinaster‘s holocellulose, α-cellulose, and ash contents were higher than those of Pinus sylvestris but lignin and cylohexane-EtOH-solubility amounts were lower. The mass loss during degradation stage of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus pinaster was observed in the extracted wood respectively as 73.0 and 74.5% within the 188.7 to 422.9 °C range. The highest mass loss for Pinus sylvestris and Pinus pinaster in the carbonization step was formed in their holocelluloses respectively as 22.9 and 22.5% from 426 °C to 1017 °C.

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