Standard Guide for Use and Testing of Dry-Block Temperature Calibrators

10.1520/e3186 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Block Temperature

Effect of Temperature on Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles Prepared by Coprecipitation Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Mei Niu ◽  
Zhi Gang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Coprecipitation Method ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magnetic Carriers ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
Block Temperature

The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles obtained by the aqueous coprecipitation method are characterized systematically using scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometer. These magnetic nanoparticles are spheric, dispersive, and have average grain size of 50 nm. The size and magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles can be tuned by the reaction temperature. All samples exhibit high saturation magnetization (Ms=53.4 emu·g-1) and superparamagnetic behavior with a block temperature (TB) of 215K. These properties make such Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles worthy candidates for the magnetic carriers of targeted-drug or gene therapy in future.

scholarly journals Interlaboratory Study on Thermal Cycler Performance in Controlled PCR and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analyses

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginny C Saunders ◽  
Juliet Dukes ◽  
Helen C Parkes ◽  
Johanne H Cornett
Keyword(s):  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Interlaboratory Study ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Single Product ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Block Temperature ◽  
Thermal Cycler ◽  
Correct Target

Abstract Background: Intercomparisons of PCR-based data between laboratories require an assurance of assay reproducibility. We performed an interlaboratory study to investigate the contribution made by a variety of thermal cyclers to PCR performance as measured by interblock reproducibility and intrablock repeatability. Methods: Two standardized assays designed to minimize the introduction of non-thermal-cycler-dependent variations were evaluated by 18 laboratories in the United Kingdom, using 33 thermal cyclers of various makes and models. We used a single-product (590 bp) PCR, established in our laboratory as a robust and specific reaction. The second reaction, a multiproduct random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR, was known to be more susceptible to small changes in block temperature and was therefore considered a way of assessing block uniformity with respect to temperature. Assay repeatability data were analyzed with respect to temperature calibration status, the type of temperature control mechanism, thermal cycler age, and the presence of oil overlay or heated lid systems. Results: All (100%) of the laboratories produced the correct target for the single-product PCR assay, although substantial variation in yield in replicate reactions was observed in 9.4% of these. The RAPD reaction generated results that varied extensively both within the same block and between different thermal cyclers. For eight replicates of a positive sample, 88% intrablock repeatability was demonstrated in calibrated thermal cyclers, which decreased to 63% in noncalibrated instruments. Conclusions: Irrespective of the make and model of thermal cycler, temperature-calibrated instruments consistently generated more repeatable RAPD data than noncalibrated instruments. Guidelines are offered on optimizing and monitoring thermal cycler performance.

Effects of Buoyancy on Heat Transfer and Oxygen Consumption in Fuel-Thermal-Stability Studies

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viswanath R. Katta ◽  
James W. Blust ◽  
Theodore F. Williams ◽  
Charles R. Martel
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Test Section ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Momentum Equation ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Block Temperature ◽  
Bottom To Top

A unique methodology is used to investigate the effects of gravity on fuel flowing through the small-bore heated tubes that are often used in the study of fuel-thermal-stability characteristics. The copper block that houses the fuel tube (or test section) is located on a swivel, and experiments are conducted for different tube orientations namely; horizontal, vertical with flow from bottom to top and vice versa. Results obtained for different fuel-flow rates and block temperatures are discussed. An axisymmetric, time-dependent numerical model is used to simulate the flow patterns in the test section. This model solves momentum, energy, species and k-ε turbulence equations. The buoyancy term is included in the axial-momentum equation. Natural flow resulting from buoyancy was found to have a significant effect on heat transfer and oxygen consumption for fuel-flow rates up to 100 cc/min (Reynolds numbers up to 2300). Flow instabilities were observed when the fuel was flowing downward in a vertically mounted test section. The effect of block temperature and flow rate on these instabilities was also studied.

Cylinder Block Temperature Mapping and Development of Cooling Cowl for Reducing the Maximum Liner Temperature

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipin Sukumaran T ◽  
Sandeep Kolluri ◽  
Sumith Joseph ◽  
T. Sreenivasulu ◽  
R Parthiban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cylinder Block ◽  
Temperature Mapping ◽  
Block Temperature

A Statistical Analysis in Solid Film Lubrication

1963 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-290
Author(s):  
Martin R. Adams ◽  
Mary D. Lum
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Wear Life ◽  
Bearing Load ◽  
Solid Film ◽  
Block Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Film Lubrication ◽  
Made In

A factorial experiment was designed for evaluating the performance of a ceramic bonded solid film lubricant consisting of PbS/B2O3 in a 6:1 weight ratio. The effects of three factors, each at two levels were studied. These were bearing load, sliding speed, and rub block temperature. An analysis of variance of the test results was made. At 200 rpm, wear life increased with an increase in temperature between 700 and 1000 F for both load levels of 100 and 200 lb. At 600 rpm, however, wear life decreased with increasing temperature between 700 and 1000 F for both load levels. All results were obtained from runs made in air.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Temperatur Mesin Terhadap Kadar Emisi NOx pada Motor dengan Bahan Bakar Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Hadi Rahmad ◽  
Mujahid Wahyu ◽  
Devina Rosa Hendarti
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Cylinder Block ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Gas Fuel ◽  
Block Temperature

The increase in NOx levels produced by CNG-fueled engines occurs when the fuel switches from gasoline to gas fuel (CNG). The author changed the otto 4 stroke gasoline engine, into a CNG-fueled motorbike and provided additional cooling in the form of a burst of air to the cylinder block. Changes in engine block temperature are detected using a temperature sensor placed on the engine oil. Bursts of air cooling result in temperature changes in engine oil. Changes in engine oil temperature are accompanied by changes in the resulting NOx emissions. This study shows that with a decrease in engine oil temperature in the combustion engine, NOx emission levels also decrease. From the research results it can be ignored that by providing additional air bursts will be able to reduce NOx emissions by up to 18%

Study of the Concrete Block Temperature Intelligent Prediction Model during the Construction

2013 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Kai Jiang ◽  
Yi Hong Zhou ◽  
Yao Ying Huang ◽  
Shao Wu Zhou ◽  
Dan Dan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Neural Network Model ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Concrete Temperature ◽  
Block Temperature

The explicit statistical model of concrete temperature variation is difficult to reasonably reflect the nonlinear relationship between the historical information and future information. This article is based on neural network intelligence tools and uses the neural network model to describe the concrete temperature variation during the construction. The relationships between the concrete temperature and initial temperature (pouring temperature), environmental temperature, the cement hydration heat temperature increase, water cooling effect and other factors are nonlinear. Establishing the neural network model of concrete temperature variation, exploring the historical temperature information could predict the future temperature information. Applying the intelligent prediction model to a construction project shows that when compared with the traditional explicit temperature statistical model, the temperature neural network prediction model established in this paper has obvious simplicity and superiority.

scholarly journals Conduction block of mammalian myelinated nerve by local cooling to 15–30°C after a brief heating

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 1436-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaocun Zhang ◽  
Timothy D. Lyon ◽  
Brian T. Kadow ◽  
Bing Shen ◽  
Jicheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Conduction Block ◽  
Local Cooling ◽  
Myelinated Nerve ◽  
Axonal Conduction ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Myelinated Nerves ◽  
Block Temperature ◽  
Scientific Questions ◽  
Urethral Striated Muscle

This study aimed at understanding thermal effects on nerve conduction and developing new methods to produce a reversible thermal block of axonal conduction in mammalian myelinated nerves. In 13 cats under α-chloralose anesthesia, conduction block of pudendal nerves ( n = 20) by cooling (5–30°C) or heating (42–54°C) a small segment (9 mm) of the nerve was monitored by the urethral striated muscle contractions and increases in intraurethral pressure induced by intermittent (5 s on and 20 s off) electrical stimulation (50 Hz, 0.2 ms) of the nerve. Cold block was observed at 5–15°C while heat block occurred at 50–54°C. A complete cold block up to 10 min was fully reversible, but a complete heat block was only reversible when the heating duration was less than 1.3 ± 0.1 min. A brief (<1 min) reversible complete heat block at 50–54°C or 15 min of nonblock mild heating at 46–48°C significantly increased the cold block temperature to 15–30°C. The effect of heating on cold block fully reversed within ∼40 min. This study discovered a novel method to block mammalian myelinated nerves at 15–30°C, providing the possibility to develop an implantable device to block axonal conduction and treat many chronic disorders. The effect of heating on cold block is of considerable interest because it raises many basic scientific questions that may help reveal the mechanisms underlying cold or heat block of axonal conduction.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Performance of the Two Dry Block Furnaces for RTC158B and Const660

2021 ◽  
Vol 2101 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
Xia Zhao ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
Xin Jia ◽  
Qufei Shi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Temperature Deviation ◽  
Field Calibration ◽  
Temperature Calibrator ◽  
Comprehensive Performance ◽  
Block Temperature ◽  
Better Than

Abstract The dry block temperature calibrator uses air as the calibration medium with small volume and light weight, and therefore is widely applied in field calibration work. With the improvement and vigorous development of the technology of domestic instruments, the technology of domestic dry body furnace is also developing rapidly. Whether the performance of domestic dry block temperature calibrator is better than the foreign instruments, this question is not very clear yet. Therefore, this study focuses on the comparative analysis of the performance parameters of the two dry-type temperature calibrators of Foreign dry furnace-RTC158 and domestic dry furnace-Const660, such as temperature deviation, temperature volatility, axial deviation, and radial deviation. The results reveal that the comprehensive performance of domestic instrument-Const660 is better than foreign instrument-RTC158.

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