Standard Test Methods for Flammability of Electrical Insulating Materials Used for Sleeving or Tubing

10.1520/d8355 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Insulating Materials ◽  
Materials Used

scholarly journals Leaching of nanoparticles from nano-enabled products for the protection of cultural heritage surfaces: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Brunelli ◽  
Loris Calgaro ◽  
Elena Semenzin ◽  
Virginia Cazzagon ◽  
Elisa Giubilato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Materials Used

AbstractThe development of highly innovative techniques and technologies to enhance performance and technical sustainability of materials used in the field of cultural heritage conservation is providing conservators with innovative nanocomposites materials, including protective coatings, by merging the performances of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) with conventional chemicals. However, the human health and environmental risks that may potentially arise from these new materials are still largely unknown, requiring an adequate assessment and management along their entire life cycle. Concerns could emerge due to the leaching of the material containing NPs or of the NPs alone, especially during their use (exposure of the treated object to, e.g., heavy or acid rain) and disposal (when the wasted product is processed in, e.g., waste water treatment plants). To date, no standard leaching test methods have been specifically developed for nano-enabled products, with the consequent lack of data on the NPs potential exposure also in the field of cultural heritage. Therefore, an extensive review over the last 10 years by querying to the Scopus database “nanoparticles”, “leaching” and “coatings” has been herein reported to clearly highlight (i) the standard test methods used or adapted to estimate the NPs leaching from nano-based coatings; (ii) the available studies in which the NPs leaching from nano-based coatings was estimated without following any specific standard test method; (iii) the works focusing on other nanocomposite materials performances than leaching, in which standard test methods were applied, potentially useful to indirectly estimate NPs leaching. All the information gathered by this bibliographic search have been used to identify the most promising leaching tests for NPs estimation to be applied in the field of cultural heritage, especially for both large, e.g., building façades, and small, e.g., bronze works of art, surface areas from which the leaching of nano-based materials could be significant in terms of human health and ecological risks, based also on the (eco)toxicity of the leachate. The derived information can thus ultimately support effective risk management of innovative nano-enabled products, including the implementation of Safe by Design approaches.

Analysis of Structure of Elements for Automotive Industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 712 ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Sońta ◽  
Agata Dudek ◽  
Jacek Selejdak ◽  
Robert Ulewicz
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Gear Wheel ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Serial Production ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Quenching And Tempering ◽  
Relevant Material

The paper presents the results of the structure and chemical composition of materials used to manufacture of gear wheel for the automotive industry. Analyzed gear wheel that is a part of one of the mechanical systems of an automotive vehicle was made of sinter Sint-D 32 in the technology of powder metallurgy and alloy structural steel for quenching and tempering 42CrMo4. The cause of the analysis was to research for an alternative material for sinter Sint-D 32 after identified low static strength according to the requirements applicable in the automotive industry. For the analysis were used standard test methods applicable in materials science. Based on microstructure and mechanical properties analysis performed according to requirements applicable in the automotive industry, the research found that steel 42CrMo4 is relevant material to be used in serial production for this particular gear wheel.

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