Test Method for Water-Soluble Sulfate in Soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Soluble Sulfate

scholarly journals Evaluation of stabilization of steel surface corrosion by paints

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Aleš Dvořák ◽  
Marta Ščerbejová
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Surface Corrosion ◽  
Steel Surfaces ◽  
Micro Analysis ◽  
Sem Test

This article deals with laboratory experiments focused on protective and stabilizing effects of paints designed to protect rusted steel surfaces. Two well-known paints (the Hammerite No.1 Rustbeater synthetic paint and the Antirezin water-soluble paint) have been evaluated. The standardized tests according to ČSN have been used for the evaluation. Stabilization of rusted steel surface hasn’t been demonstrated during the tests. The SEM test method that covers micro-analysis of elements has been used for the evaluation as well.

scholarly journals Thermal stability analysis of particles incorporated in cirrus crystals and of non-activated particles in between the cirrus crystals: Comparing clean and polluted air masses

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 3659-3679 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Seifert ◽  
J. Ström ◽  
R. Krejci ◽  
A. Minikin ◽  
A. Petzold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Soluble Sulfate ◽  
Indirect Information ◽  
Cold Case

Abstract. A thermal volatility technique is used to provide indirect information about the chemical composition of the aerosol involved in cirrus cloud formation. The fraction of particles that disappears after being heated to 125°C is termed volatile and the fraction that disappears between 125 and 250°C is termed semi-volatile. Particles that still remain after being heated to 250°C make up the non-volatile fraction. The thermal composition of residual particles remaining from evaporated cirrus crystals is presented and compared to interstitial aerosol particles (non-activated particles in between the cirrus crystals) for two temperature regimes (cold: T<235 K, warm: 235<T<250 K), based on in-situ observations. The observations were conducted in cirrus clouds in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitudes during the INCA project. In the cold temperature regime, the non-volatile fraction of the residual particles was typically in the range 10 to 30% in the NH and 30 to 40% in the SH. In the warm temperature regime, the non-volatile residual fraction was typically 10 to 30% (NH) and 20 to 40% (SH). At high crystal number densities the non-volatile fraction in both temperature regimes was even higher: in the range of 30 to 40% (NH) and 40 to 50% (SH). The semi-volatile fraction was typically less than 10% in both hemispheres, causing the volatile fraction to essentially be a complement to the non-volatile fraction. In terms of the fractioning into the three types of particles, the SH cold case is clearly different compared to the other three cases (the two warm cases and the cold NH case), which share many features. In the NH data the distribution of different particle types does not seem to be temperature dependent. In all the cases, the non-volatile fraction is enriched in the residual particles compared to the fractions observed for the interstitial particles. This enrichment corresponds to about 15 (NH) and 30 (SH) percent units in the two cold cases and to 15–25 (NH) and 25–35 (SH) percent units in the two warm cases. In the NH cold case, there is a clear relation between the fractions observed in the interstitial particles and what is observed in the residual particles. The observed large fractions of non-volatile particles show that particles forming ice crystals are not entirely made up of water-soluble sulfate particles.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Compact Dry EC with the Most Probable Number Method (AOAC Official Method 966.24) for Enumeration of Escherichia coli and Coliform Bacteria in Raw Meats: Performance-Tested MethodSM 110402

2006 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidemasa Kodaka ◽  
Shingo Mizuochi ◽  
Hajime Teramura ◽  
Tadanobu Nirazuka ◽  
David Goins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Raw Meats

Abstract Compact Dry E. coli/Coliform Count (EC) is a ready-to-use test method for the enumeration of Escherichia coli and coliform bacteria in food. The plates are presterilized and contain culture medium and a cold water-soluble gelling agent. The medium should be rehydrated with 1 mL diluted sample inoculated onto the center of the self-diffusible medium, allowing the solution to diffuse by capillary action. The plate can be incubated at 35C for 2024 h and the colonies counted without any further working steps. The Compact Dry EC medium plates were validated as an analysis tool for determining colony-forming units (CFU) of E. coli and coliform bacteria from a variety of raw meats using 5 different types of raw meats. The performance tests were conducted at 35C. In all studies performed, no apparent differences were observed between the Compact Dry ECmethod and theAOAC Official Method 966.24 results. For the accuracy claim (n = 75), a correlation factor of r2 = 0.93 (E. coli) and r2 = 0.93 (coliform bacteria) could be assigned, as stated in the application for Performance-Tested MethodSM.

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