Practice for In-Situ Measurements of Heat Flux in Industrial Thermal Insulation Using Heat Flux Transducers

10.1520/c1041 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
In Situ Measurements

scholarly journals Numerical simulation of extreme snow melt observed at the SIGMA-A site, northwest Greenland, during summer 2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 495-539
Author(s):  
M. Niwano ◽  
T. Aoki ◽  
S. Matoba ◽  
S. Yamaguchi ◽  
T. Tanikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Snow Surface ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Surface Snow

Abstract. The surface energy balance (SEB) from 30 June to 14 July 2012 at site SIGMA (Snow Impurity and Glacial Microbe effects on abrupt warming in the Arctic)-A, (78°03' N, 67°38' W; 1490 m a.s.l.) on the northwest Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) was investigated by using in situ atmospheric and snow measurements, as well as numerical modeling with a one-dimensional, multi-layered, physical snowpack model called SMAP (Snow Metamorphism and Albedo Process). At SIGMA-A, remarkable near-surface snowmelt and continuous heavy rainfall (accumulated precipitation between 10 and 14 July was estimated to be 100 mm) were observed after 10 July 2012. Application of the SMAP model to the GrIS snowpack was evaluated based on the snow temperature profile, snow surface temperature, surface snow grain size, and shortwave albedo, all of which the model simulated reasonably well. However, comparison of the SMAP-calculated surface snow grain size with in situ measurements during the period when surface hoar with small grain size was observed on-site revealed that it was necessary to input air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed data from two heights to simulate the latent heat flux into the snow surface and subsequent surface hoar formation. The calculated latent heat flux was always directed away from the surface if data from only one height were input to the SMAP model, even if the value for roughness length of momentum was perturbed between the possible maximum and minimum values in numerical sensitivity tests. This result highlights the need to use two-level atmospheric profiles to obtain realistic latent heat flux. Using such profiles, we calculated the SEB at SIGMA-A from 30 June to 14 July 2012. Radiation-related fluxes were obtained from in situ measurements, whereas other fluxes were calculated with the SMAP model. By examining the components of the SEB, we determined that low-level clouds accompanied by a significant temperature increase played an important role in the melt event observed at SIGMA-A. These conditions induced a remarkable surface heating via cloud radiative forcing in the polar region.

scholarly journals In Situ Measurements of Energy Consumption and Indoor Environmental Quality of a Pre-Retrofitted Student Dormitory in Athens

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Barmparesos ◽  
Dimitra Papadaki ◽  
Michalis Karalis ◽  
Kyriaki Fameliari ◽  
Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Electrical Consumption

In the following years all European Union member states should bring into force national laws on the energy performance of buildings. Moreover, university campus dormitories are buildings of great importance, due to their architectural characteristics and their social impact. In this study, the energy performance along with the indoor environmental conditions of a dormitory of a university has been analysed. The in situ measurements included temperature, relative humidity, concentrations of carbon dioxide, total volatile organic compounds, and electrical consumption; lastly, the energy signature of the whole building was investigated. The study focused on the summer months, during which significantly increased thermal needs of the building were identified. The ground floor was found to be the floor with the highest percentage of thermal conditions within the comfort range, and the third floor the lowest. Lastly, a significant correlation between electrical consumption and the outdoor temperature was presented, highlighting the lack of thermal insulation. Overall, it was clear that a redesign of the cooling and heating system, the installation of a ventilation system, and thermal insulation are essential for improving the energy efficiency of this building.

scholarly journals Estimation of Vegetation Latent Heat Flux over Three Forest Sites in ChinaFLUX using Satellite Microwave Vegetation Water Content Index

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yipu Wang ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Qilong Min ◽  
Leiming Zhang ◽  
Guirui Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Vegetation Water Content ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Content Index ◽  
Vegetation Water

Latent heat flux (LE) and the corresponding water vapor lost from the Earth’s surface to the atmosphere, which is called Evapotranspiration (ET), is one of the key processes in the water cycle and energy balance of the global climate system. Satellite remote sensing is the only feasible technique to estimate LE over a large-scale region. While most of the previous satellite LE methods are based on the optical vegetation index (VI), here we propose a microwave-VI (EDVI) based LE algorithm which can work for both day and night time, and under clear or non-raining conditions. This algorithm is totally driven by multiple-sensor satellite products of vegetation water content index, solar radiation, and cloud properties, with some aid from a reanalysis dataset. The satellite inputs and the performance of this algorithm are validated with in situ measurements at three ChinaFLUX forest sites. Our results show that the selected satellite observations can indeed serve as the inputs for the purpose of estimating ET. The instantaneous estimations of LE (LEcal) from this algorithm show strong positive temporal correlations with the in situ measured LE (LEobs) with the correlation coefficients (R) of 0.56–0.88 in the study years. The mean bias is kept within 16.0% (23.0 W/m2) across the three sites. At the monthly scale, the correlations between the retrieval and the in situ measurements are further improved to an R of 0.84–0.95 and the bias is less than 14.3%. The validation results also indicate that EDVI-based LE method can produce stable LEcal under different cloudy skies with good accuracy. Being independent of any in situ measurements as inputs, this algorithm shows great potential for estimating ET under both clear and cloudy skies on a global scale for climate study.

scholarly journals Effects of microtopography on texture, temperature and heat flow in Arctic and sub-Arctic snow

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Sturm ◽  
Jonathan Holmgren
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Substantial Fraction ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Vertical Heat ◽  
Lateral Temperature

Arctic and sub-Arctic snow is deposited on ground that can have significant microrelief due to tundra hummocks and tussocks. The microrelief, a substantial fraction of the total snow depth, causes basal layers of snow (usually depth hoar) to be discontinuous. In-situ measurements made at four locations in Alaska indicate lateral temperature gradients up to 60°C m−1exist at the snow/ground interface due to the microtopography. For all sites, the winter average range of temperature along a 1.5 m transect at the interface varied from 4°C to greater than 7°C. Heat-flux transducers placed at the tops and bases of tussocks indicated that vertical heat flow was consistently 1.4 to 2.1 times higher at the top than the base. Results of a conductive model based on tussock height are consistent with these measurements.

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