scholarly journals In Situ Measurements of Energy Consumption and Indoor Environmental Quality of a Pre-Retrofitted Student Dormitory in Athens

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Barmparesos ◽  
Dimitra Papadaki ◽  
Michalis Karalis ◽  
Kyriaki Fameliari ◽  
Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Electrical Consumption

In the following years all European Union member states should bring into force national laws on the energy performance of buildings. Moreover, university campus dormitories are buildings of great importance, due to their architectural characteristics and their social impact. In this study, the energy performance along with the indoor environmental conditions of a dormitory of a university has been analysed. The in situ measurements included temperature, relative humidity, concentrations of carbon dioxide, total volatile organic compounds, and electrical consumption; lastly, the energy signature of the whole building was investigated. The study focused on the summer months, during which significantly increased thermal needs of the building were identified. The ground floor was found to be the floor with the highest percentage of thermal conditions within the comfort range, and the third floor the lowest. Lastly, a significant correlation between electrical consumption and the outdoor temperature was presented, highlighting the lack of thermal insulation. Overall, it was clear that a redesign of the cooling and heating system, the installation of a ventilation system, and thermal insulation are essential for improving the energy efficiency of this building.

scholarly journals Assessment of thermo-modernization in a multifamily building

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 00004
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Basińska ◽  
Halina Koczyk ◽  
Aleksandra Błotnicka-Smyk
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Central Unit ◽  
The Real ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Electricity Costs

This paper presents an evaluation of thermo-modernisation improvements applied over the years in the multi-family residential building. Those improvements have included the civil and mechanical activities. The civil activities were as follows: the application of the thermal insulation on the external walls and replacement of the windows. The mechanical activities were mainly focused on an adjustment of the heating system to the new reduced heating demands of the building. The heating system in the building was modified - the radiators were replaced with the new ones, the heating central unit was modernised. Moreover the local gas water heaters were eliminated. Then the building’s energy performance characteristics, prepared according to the valid Polish methodology, were compared with the real consumption. It was found that after the application of thermo-modifications the heating demand was reduced, twice. The economy efficiency of the thermo-modernisation was evaluated by means of a method of the annual costs. The annual costs include the heating system exploitation costs, DHW preparation system and the auxiliary devices electricity costs.

scholarly journals Experimental and statistical survey on local thermal comfort impact on working productivity loss in university classrooms

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 379-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Bajc ◽  
Milos Banjac ◽  
Maja Todorovic ◽  
Zana Stevanovic
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Personal Factor ◽  
Predicted Mean Vote ◽  
Local Thermal Comfort ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents an experimental analysis of the relationship between local thermal comfort and productivity loss in classrooms. The experimental investigation was performed in a real university classroom during the winter semester in city of Belgrade. Measurements were taken for four scenarios, with different indoor comfort conditions. Variations were made by setting the central heating system on/off, adding an additional heat source to provoke higher indoor temperatures, and measuring the radiant asymmetry impact. Innovative questionnaires were developed especially for the research, in order to investigate students? subjective feelings about local thermal comfort and indoor environmental quality. Local predicted mean vote and predicted percentage dissatisfied indices were calculated using data measured in situ. The results were compared to existing models recommended in literature and European and ASHRAE standards. Student productivity was evaluated using novel tests, designed to fit the purposes of the research. Surveys were conducted for 19 days under different thermal conditions, during lectures in a real classroom, using a sample of 240 productivity test results in total. Using the measured data, new correlations between the predicted mean vote, CO2, personal factor and productivity loss were developed. The research findings imply that local thermal comfort is an important factor that can impact productivity, but the impact of the personal factor is of tremendous importance, together with CO2 concentration in the classroom.

Study Concerning the Thermal Insulation Panels with Double-Side Anti-Condensation Foil on the Exterior and Polyurethane Foam or Polyisocyanurate on the Interior

2015 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Pescari ◽  
Dan Tudor ◽  
Stefan Tölgyi ◽  
Carmen Maduta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Insulating Materials

The paper aims to assess the energy performance of a thermal rehabilitated ground floor building by using new thermal insulation panels with double-side anti-condensation foil on the exterior and polyurethane foam or polyisocyanurate on the interior (PUR or PIR) in various ways. The study also wants to emphasize the benefits of using these insulating materials encouraging their further use. Therefore, five scenarios are carried out, four thermal rehabilitation scenarios and the reference building scenario, without thermal insulation. The obtained results are evaluated by comparison. The results point out the energy performance of PUR and PIR used as thermal insulation panels for the building envelope but also the economic impact and the economic efficiency that involves using such panels. This work is based on the energy efficiency requirements targeting the building envelope and takes into account mainly the behavior of the envelope elements while the heating system is treated in a simplified manner, considering its usual efficiency. The conclusions highlight the main advantages of using these panels for buildings thermal rehabilitation compared to other common materials, such as polystyrene or mineral wool.

The Numerical Simulation of a Sudden Inflow of Methane into the end Segment of a Longwall with Y-Type Ventilation System

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-957
Author(s):  
Jerzy Krawczyk ◽  
Jakub Janus
Keyword(s):  
Ventilation System ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Internal Surfaces ◽  
Temporary Support ◽  
Sas Model ◽  
Volume Method ◽  
Roof Support

Abstract Present paper is an analysis of the propagation of methane in the end segment of a longwall ventilated by means of the Y-type ventilation system. The propagation in question occurs as a result of sudden inflows of methane from the adjacent goaf. Relevant simulations for multiple variants were carried out using the Finite Volume Method. As part of the process of verifying the adopted numerical methods, the simulation of the stationary propagation of methane under conditions corresponding to in-situ measurements, and in relation to the end segment of the CW-4 longwall in the „Budryk” coliery, was carried out. The dimensions adopted were consistent with the data obtained in the course of in-situ measurements. The model encompassed eight sections of a powered roof support, a segment of a temporary support, and a fragment of the CW-4 heading. The distributions of velocity for the SST k-ω and SAS turbulence models were compared with the data from the in-situ measurements. The highest compatibility with the results of the flow velocity measurements was demonstrated in the case of the SAS model. The verified models were subsequently used in the process of simulating the results of sudden, local methane inflows from the goaf adjacent to the temporary support, as well as from underneath the shield of the fifth section. The simulation results were presented as a sequence of methane concentration distributions, on selected internal surfaces of the computational domain.

Issues of Indoor Climate Discomfort in Light Wooden Low-Energy Houses

2014 ◽  
Vol 1041 ◽  
pp. 346-349
Author(s):  
Jozef Štefko
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Air Tightness

The paper presents the results of in-situ measurements (temperature and CO2 concentration) carried out on several family houses built in a low-energy, passive or nearly zero standard. Factors of potential discomfort of wooden low-energy houses such as light good-insulated envelope constructions, solar passive gains, air tightness, sensibility of ventilation system and others are analyzed. Results of measurements are confronted with computer simulations and results based on normative methods.

scholarly journals Influence of indoor conditions on microbial diversity and quantity in schools

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 01035
Author(s):  
Dahae Seong ◽  
R. Sean Norman ◽  
Shamia Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
School Type ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Indoor Conditions ◽  
Vent Location

HVAC systems consumes 37 % of the electricity in educational buildings. Energy consumption varies depending on the ventilation strategy. School buildings have a responsibility of ensuring energy performance and maintenance of indoor environmental quality for its occupants. This study assesses the efficiency of the ventilation system in terms of the microbes present in the spaces. Microorganisms and particulate matters were sampled in classrooms, locker rooms, libraries in two high schools and an elementary school. Six bacterial species and seven fungal species were identified. The most abundant microorganisms were Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp., and Micrococcus sp. Elementary school, especially kindergarten, showed higher microbial concentration and particulate matter as a result of higher human activity. Microbial concentration was influenced by the types of room in the same building with the same ventilation system. Canonical correspondence plot (CCA) determined that gender and school type have significant effects. The presence of Bacillus sp., Aerococcus sp., Corynebacterium sp., and Penicillium sp. was significantly related to gender, while Staphylococcus sp. and Alternaria sp. were related to type of school. The presence of Aerococcus sp. and Micrococcus sp. depended on the distance from the vent location. Relatively lower number of Aerococcus sp. was detected when the distance between sampling site and vent was less than 2 m. Micrococcus sp. was generally detected when the distance was < 3.5 m. The distance from the door was not significant.

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