Capillary Electrophoresis Methods for the Determination of Tramadol: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-286
Author(s):  
Anita Sarkany ◽  
Gabriel Hancu ◽  
Claudiu Drăguț ◽  
Adriana Modroiu ◽  
Enikő Barabás-Hajdu
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Racemic Mixture ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Complex Mechanism ◽  
Biological Matrices ◽  
Opiate Agonist

Tramadol is a widely used opioid analgesic frequently prescribed for treatment of moderate to severe, acute and chronic pain. It has a complex mechanism of action, acting both as a central opiate agonist and as a norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitor. It is a chiral substance, having two chiral centers in its structure and it is used in therapy as a racemic mixture of two of its enantiomers, (S,S)-tramadol and (R,R)-tramadol. In the last 25 years, several analytical procedures have been published in the literature for the achiral and chiral determination of tramadol from pharmaceutical formulations and biological matrices. Among these methods, capillary electrophoresis techniques have proved to be an efficient, reliable and cost-effective solution. The purpose of the present review is to provide a systematic survey to present and discuss the electrodriven methods available in the literature for the achiral and chiral analysis of tramadol.

Research progress in electroanalytical techniques for determination of antimalarial drugs in pharmaceutical and biological samples

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (62) ◽  
pp. 57580-57602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeta Thapliyal ◽  
Tirivashe E. Chiwunze ◽  
Rajshekhar Karpoormath ◽  
Rajendra N. Goyal ◽  
Harun Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Antimalarial Drugs ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Electroanalytical Methods ◽  
Biological Matrices

The review focusses on the role of electroanalytical methods for determination of antimalarial drugs in biological matrices and pharmaceutical formulations with a critical analysis of published voltammetric and potentiometric methods.

Determination of Ofloxacin Enantiomers in Pharmaceutical Formulations by Capillary Electrophoresis

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdalla A. Elbashir ◽  
Bahruddin Saad ◽  
Abdussalam Salhin Mohamed Ali ◽  
Muhammad Idiris Saleh ◽  
Hassan Y. Aboul‐Enein
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Ofloxacin Enantiomers

scholarly journals Development of a Capillary Electrophoresis Method for the Enantioselective Estimation of Primaquine in Pharmaceutical Formulations

2008 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdalla A Elbashir ◽  
Bahruddin Saad ◽  
Abdussalam Salhin Mohamed Ali ◽  
Muhammad Idiris Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Chiral Selector ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Racemic Mixture ◽  
Injection Time ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Capillary Temperature

Abstract A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method has been developed that allows the separation and estimation of primaquine enantiomers using hydroxypropyl--cyclodextrin (HP--CD) as a chiral selector. The influence of chemical and instrumental parameters on the separation, such as type and concentration of CD, buffer concentration, buffer pH, applied voltage, capillary temperature, and injection time, were investigated. Good separation of the racemic mixture of primaquine was achieved using a fused-silica capillary (52.5 cm effective length 50 m id) and a background electrolyte composed of tris-phosphate buffer solution (50 mM, pH 2.5) containing 15 mM HP--CD as a chiral selector. The recommended applied voltage, capillary temperature, and injection time were 15 kV, 25C, and 6 s, respectively. Within-day and interday reproducibility of peak area and migration time gave relative standard deviation values ranging from 1.053.30. Good recoveries (range of 96.8104.9) were obtained from the determination of placebos that were spiked with 0.251.00 mg/L primaquine. The proposed CE method was successfully applied to the assay of primaquine diphosphate in pharmaceutical formulations (tablets).

Determination of phenothiazines in pharmaceutical formulations and human urine using capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2348-2359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Lara ◽  
Ana M. García-Campaña ◽  
Laura Gámiz-Gracia ◽  
Juan M. Bosque-Sendra ◽  
Fermín Alés-Barrero
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Chemiluminescence Detection

Enantioseparation and Determination of Sibutramine in Pharmaceutical Formulations by Capillary Electrophoresis

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1496-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmei Zhu ◽  
Enqi Wu ◽  
Jianbo Chen ◽  
Chuvan Men ◽  
Yu-Seon Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations

scholarly journals Adaptation of Color Reactions for Spectrophotometric Determination of Pitavastatin Calcium in Bulk Drugs and in Pharmaceutical Formulations

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marothu Vamsi Krishna ◽  
Dannana Gowri Sankar
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Reagent Blank ◽  
Colored Complex ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pitavastatin Calcium ◽  
Color Reactions

Three simple, sensitive and cost effective Spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of pitavastatin calcium (PST) in bulk drugs and in pharmaceutical formulations. These methods are based on the oxidation of PST by ferric chloride in presence ofo-phenanthroline (Method A) or 2, 2’ bipyridyl (Method B) or potassium ferricyanide (Method C). The colored complex formed was measured at 510, 530 and 755 nm for method A, B and C respectively against the reagent blank prepared in the same manner. The optimum experimental parameters for the color production are selected. Beer’s law is valid with in a concentration range of 4-20 μg mL-1for method A, 7.5-37.5 μg mL-1for method B and 5 -25 μg mL-1for method C. For more accurate results, ringbom optimum concentration ranges are 5-18 μg mL-1for method A , 8.5-35.5 μg mL-1for method B and 6.0-23.0 μg mL-1for method C. The molar absorptivities are 3.55x104, 2.10x104and 3.10x104L mol-1cm-1. Where as sandell sensitivities are 0.024, 0.041 and 0.028 μg cm-22 for method A, B and C respectively. The mean percentage recoveries are 99.95 for method A, 101.35 for method B and 100.33 for method C. The developed methods were applied for the determination of PST in bulk powder and in the pharmaceutical formulations without any interference from tablet excipients.

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