scholarly journals Isolation and Molecular Identification of Leishmania spp. in Patients With Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Golestan Province, Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Ali Fattahi Bafghi ◽  
Gilda Eslami ◽  
Oghol Niazjorjani ◽  
Farzaneh Mirzaei ◽  
Javad Namrodi
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
History Of ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
Endemic Areas

Background and aims: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a major health issue in many parts of Iran. Diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a non-endemic area is not as simple as that in endemic foci. The management and treatment of this disease are global dilemmas. The purpose of this study was to identify Leishmania species isolated from human cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions in patients referred to health centers of Golestan province, Iran. Methods: Cutaneous leishmaniasis patients with suspected lesions were clinically examined. History of journey to the endemic areas of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis and/or anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis and the characteristics of their lesion(s) were recorded. Diagnosis of the lesion was done by using direct smear microscopy and conventional polymerase chain reaction. Results: Out of 360 patients, 202 (57.4 %) were male and 158 (42.8 %) were female. A total of 360 samples were selected from different cities. The number of infected samples in the cities is as follows: Azad Shahr [3 (1.5%)], Aq Qala [11 (5.7%)], Ali Abad [4 (2.1%)], Bandar Turkmen [3 (1.5%)], Bandar Gaz [2 (1%)], Ramian [3 (1.5%)], Kalaleh [23 (12.1%)], Kord koy [1 (0.5%)], Galikesh [7 (3.7 %)], Gomishan [12 (3.6 %)], Gorgan [13 (6.8 %)], Gonbad Qabus [99 (52.1 %)], Marave Tappe [7 (3.6%)] and Minoodasht [2 (1%)]. In the molecular investigations, 186 (96.8%) samples were observed to acquire rural cutaneous leishmaniasis, 4 (2.1%) to acquire urban cutaneous leishmaniasis and 170 (47.2%) to be uninfected. Conclusion: Although history of visiting endemic areas is an important factor to be considered in diagnosis, parasitological confirmation is necessary for the initiation of treatment.

Relationship Between the Distribution and Biodiversity of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) With the Incidence of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Endemic Foci of Golestan Province, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1768-1774
Author(s):  
Aioub Sofizadeh ◽  
Kamran Akbarzadeh ◽  
Ehsan Allah Kalteh ◽  
Fatemeh Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is prevalent in Golestan Province, Iran. The current study determined the relationship between the distribution and biodiversity of sand flies with cutaneous leishmaniasis at 14 villages in plain and hillsides areas. In each village from July to September 2017, 60 sticky traps and 2 CDC light traps were laid. Spearman and Mann–Whitney tests were used to determine the relationship between the incidence of ZCL and the abundance of different species of sand flies. Simpson, Shannon-Wiener, Evenness, and Margalef indices were calculated to estimate the diversity of species. A total of 5,295 phlebotomine sand flies were collected, comprising 10 species of the genus Phlebotomus (3,947 flies) and 7 species of genus Sergentomyia (1,248 flies). The abundance of sand flies and incidence of ZCL in plain areas were greater than that of hillsides areas (P = 0.013, P = 0.002). There was a significant correlation between the incidence of ZCL and the abundance of Phlebotomus papatasi (r = 0.72, P = 0.004) and P. caucasicus groups (P = 0.006; 0.022). In the Shannon-Wiener index, the rest of the biodiversity indices were reduced in higher-altitude areas. Increasing Shannon-Wiener index showed higher diversity of sand flies in higher-altitude areas. Data of the reported cases of leishmaniasis in plain areas can reveal the relationship between less diversity index (Shannon-Wiener), higher dominant diversity index (Simpson), and incidence of leishmaniasis in these areas.

scholarly journals Impact of climate variability on the occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Khuzestan Province, southwestern Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farideh Azimi ◽  
Sadegh Shirian ◽  
Saranaz Jangjoo ◽  
Arman Ai ◽  
Tahereh Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Southwestern Iran ◽  
Rainy Days

Leishmaniasis, one of the most important parasitic diseases worldwide, is frequently cited with respect to health risks related to climate change. The current variability of the climate may have different impacts on the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) depending on the various Leishmania species. The number and distribution of CL cases in Khuzestan Province, Southwestern Iran was analysed over the 2010-2014 period with regard to temperature, humidity, rainfall, sunshine hours, evaporation and wind-related climate issues. During the study period, there were 4672 recorded clinical cases of CL, the incidence of which was found to fall into three types of areas, such as high, intermediate and low-level endemic areas. Compared to the intermediate and low-endemic areas, the hyper-endemic areas showed significantly variable meteorological data with regard to rainy days, maximum/minimum temperature and humidity. Decreased temperatures in the eastern part of this province were found to promote the disease towards its centre. We conclude that the meteorological variables and incidence data of CL indicate that the number of rainy days, maximum and minimum temperatures and relative humidity are significant variables that can predict CL incidence. Indeed, the substantial climatic variability occurring during the recent 5-year period (2010-2014) in Khuzestan Province could be the main reason for the change in epidemiology and transmission of CL.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF PRO- INFLAMMATORY INTERLEUKIN 17 IN PATIENTS WITH L. TROPICA IN THI-QAR PROVINCE, IRAQ

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (36) ◽  
pp. 949-957
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hassan FLAIH ◽  
Fadhil Abbas AL-ABADY ◽  
Khwam Reissan HUSSEIN
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
South Of Iraq

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a widespread health problem and considered one of the endemic diseases in Iraq. The dermal lesion occurs due to an obligate intracellular Leishmania parasite, which transmits by the bite of the infected female sandfly. This study aims to identify Leishmania species in Thi-Qar province/South of Iraq and detect IL-17 level in serum of infected patients with L. tropica. The study was conducted in three local locations, Al-Hussein Teaching, Al-Suq Al-Shyokh General, and Al-Shatrah General Hospitals in the province for the period from the beginning of November 2018 to the end of October 2019. After clinical diagnosis, eighty out of two hundred forty-seven samples were selected for molecular examination by nested-PCR technique, where the lesion edge was injected by normal saline and pulled again to obtain the parasite DNA. Also, a measure of the IL-17 concentration level in serum of the patients with ELISA. The findings of the electrophoresis of the kinetoplast minicircle DNA gene showed that 65 samples were positive for cutaneous leishmaniasis, and observed two species of Leishmania spp. in the study area, 46 (57.5%) samples were L. tropica at 750 bp and 19 (23.75%) samples were L. major. Serum IL-17 concentration recorded a significant increase among patients infected with L. tropica at different infection stages than control samples. Generally, the Nested-PCR technique is an accurate method for diagnosing clinical samples and molecular determination of Leishmania parasites. L. tropica is the dominant specie that caused CL in Thi-Qar province, while L. major recorded a low incidence.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Leishmania major in Hemiechinus auritus, A Potential Reservoir of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Damghan, Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrad Pourmohammadi ◽  
Sadegh Mohammadi-Azni
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
First Time ◽  
Leishmania Parasites

Background: Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major is endemic in 17 of 31 Iranian provinces. Various species of rodents have been introduced as the main reservoirs of the disease. This study was conducted to de­termine the natural infection of hedgehogs with Leishmania spp. in an endemic area of the disease, northern Iran. Methods: Fifteen long-eared hedgehogs were captured alive during 18 months study period, from Apr 2015 to Sep 2016, in Damghan City, Semnan Province, Iran. The animals were identified using apparent characteristics and to de­termine the Leishmania infection, impression smears were prepared from their ear lobes, hind feet, livers, and spleens. Micro­scopic examination and semi-nested PCR were applied to determine the infection and to identify the parasites species respectively. Results: All examined animals were identified as Hemiechinus auritus (Family: Erinaceidae). In microscopic examina­tion, 8 (53.3%) samples were shown to be infected with Leishmania parasites. The higher and lower rate of the infection was observed in the ears as well as the feet and in the liver specimens, 53.3%, and 33.3% respectively. Forty percent (6/ 15) of the samples were molecularly positive and all were identified as L. major parasites. All the examined animals in au­tumn and 50% of them in summer were shown to be infected with Leishmania parasites. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the natural infection of H. auritus with L. major for the first time in Damghan City and introduced these mammals as new potential reservoirs of ZCL in the study area.

scholarly journals PCR-positivity of gerbils and their ectoparasites for Leishmania spp. in a hyperendemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in central Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Azarmi ◽  
Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani ◽  
Mehdi Mohebali ◽  
Yavar Rassi ◽  
Amir Ahmad Akhavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Central Iran ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Different Seasons

Abstract Background: Sand flies are the only known vectors of Leishmania parasites. Various arthropods, including ticks have been suggested as secondary vectors of Leishmania spp. many years ago. This study was conducted to determine PCR-positivity of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis reservoir hosts and their ectoparasites for Leishmania spp. in central Iran. Methods: Microscopic examination and nested polymerase chain reaction (Nested-PCR) were used to detect and identify species of Leishmania and the results were confirmed by two methods, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing. Results: Totally, 93 rodents (Rhomombis opimus (n=92) and Nesokia indica (n=1)) were captured during different seasons and 9 different species of ectoparasites were collected from them. Out of 92 collected R. opimus, 14 were positive for Leishmania spp. by microscopic examination while one N. indica and 77 R. opimus were positive by nested-PCR. The infection rate of rodents with Leishmania major and Leishmania turanica was 39.79% and 15.05%, respectively. Mixed natural infections with L. major and L. turanica were seen in 15.05% of rodents, in 7.53% of the rodents with L. major and Leishmania gerbilli, and in 6.45% of the rodents with the three species. The leishmanial infection rate of the rodents was the highest (94.29%) in summer and lowest (45.45%) in the winter. Moreover, 39 out of 54 fleas, 5 out of 8 mites, and 1 tick were PCR positive for Leishmania parasites. Conclusions: The highest rate of infection with L. major and L. turanica in R. opimus populations was observed in the summer and spring respectively, and the highest percentage of L. major and L. turanica coinfection was seen in the winter. It is suggested that the role of L. turanica and the probable role of ectoparasites in the transmission of epidemiology should be investigated carefully. Xenodiagnostic testing is recommended for future testing.

scholarly journals Population Genetics of Phlebotomus papatasi from Endemic and Nonendemic Areas for Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Morocco, as Revealed by Cytochrome Oxidase Gene Subunit I Sequencing

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souad Guernaoui ◽  
Omar Hamarsheh ◽  
Deborah Garcia ◽  
Didier Fontenille ◽  
Denis Sereno
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽  
High Atlas ◽  
Atlas Mountains ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
High Atlas Mountains ◽  
Endemic Areas

Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) caused by Leishmania major Yakimoff & Shokhor and transmitted by Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) is a public health concern in Morocco. The disease is endemic mainly in pre-Saharan regions on the southern slope of the High Atlas Mountains. The northern slope of the High Atlas Mountains and the arid plains of central Morocco remain non-endemic and are currently considered high risk for ZCL. Here we investigate and compare the population genetic structure of P. papatasi populations sampled in various habitats in historical foci and non-endemic ZCL areas. A fragment of the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene was amplified and sequenced in 59 individuals from 10 P. papatasi populations. Haplotype diversity was probed, a median-joining network was generated (FST) and molecular variance (AMOVA) were analyzed. Overall, we identified 28 haplotypes with 32 distinct segregating sites, of which seven are parsimony informative. The rate of private haplotypes was high; 20 haplotypes (71.4%) are private ones and exclusive to a single population. The phylogenetic tree and the network reconstructed highlight a genetic structuration of these populations in two well defined groups: Ouarzazate (or endemic areas) and Non-Ouarzazate (or nonendemic areas). These groups are separated by the High Atlas Mountains. Overall, our study highlights differences in terms of population genetics between ZCL endemic and non-endemic areas. To what extent such differences would impact the transmission of L. major by natural P. papatasi population remains to be investigated.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN SOME IRAQI PROVINCES

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e18-e24
Author(s):  
Magda A. Ali ◽  
Ali Khamesipour ◽  
Abdulsadah A. Rahi ◽  
Mehdi Mohebali ◽  
Ahmad Akhavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Lower Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Very High ◽  
Single Lesion

Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) remains a serious public health concern in some parts of Iraq. The aims of this study to report of CL in some parts of Iraq, by different parasitological, cultural, and molecular methods and evaluate sex differences among infected patients. This is the first study conducted to characterize Leishmania species causing CL among Iraqi patients using the sequence analysis of Internal Transcribed Spacer1(ITS1) at Wasit Province. Methods A total of 700 cases of suspected CL were referred to the Iraqi clinics and health centres and they checked for Leishmania amastigote using a Giemsa-stain; however, the Novy Macneal Nicolle (NNN) culture led to the growth of promastigotes in all samples, then the samples were examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-PCR methods. Results The present study indicated that the prevalence of CL as follow: AL-Diwaniyah 88(15.1%), Wasit 85 (14.5%), Najaf 79 (13.6%), Thi-Qar76 (13.1%), Basrah 67 (11.5%), Baghdad 65 (11.2%), Diyala 63(10.8%), and Salah-Edin province which recorded lower infection 60 (10.3%), and it appeared in 83.3% by using Giemsa- smeared stain. The highest infection rate (100%) appeared using PCR while the lowest infection (68%) appeared by culture on NNN media. The present study was revealed that the highest infection (60%) was caused by L.major rather than L.tropica (40%). Our results showed that 368 (52.6%) of CL patients were had single lesion and 215 (30.7%) had multiple lesions, and the ulcerative wet type lesions were present in 49.6%, while the nodule dry type lesions were present in 33.7%. The overall prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the study area was very high (83.3%) having a statistically significant association with sex; males are more prone (56.4%) to CL as compared to females (43.6%) Conclusions A clear and reliable bias toward males exists in some tropical diseases, such as leishmaniasis. CL is a major health problem in Iraq and CL caused by many countries including Iraq. Health authorities should be aware of the fact that war and terrorist activities induce expansion of the disease and increase the incidence rate in the situation that access to medical treatment is not easy especially in poor conditions in leishmaniasis endemic areas.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Leishmania spp. in reservoir hosts in endemic foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Akhoundi ◽  
Mehdi Mohebali ◽  
Mina Asadi ◽  
Mohamad Reza Mahmodi ◽  
Kamyar Amraei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Reservoir Hosts
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document