scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Leishmania spp. in reservoir hosts in endemic foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Akhoundi ◽  
Mehdi Mohebali ◽  
Mina Asadi ◽  
Mohamad Reza Mahmodi ◽  
Kamyar Amraei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Reservoir Hosts

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of Aquaglyceroporin 1 Gene in Non-Healing Clinical Iso¬lates Obtained from Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis from Central of Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasaman Alijani ◽  
Saeedeh Sadat Hosseini ◽  
Salman Ahmadian ◽  
Sonia Boughattas ◽  
Gilda Eslami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Sensitive Isolate ◽  
The One

Background: Regarding the antimonial-resistant of Leishmania spp., understanding of related mechanism is neces­sary. One of the most important involved molecules is aquaglyceropin1 (AQP1). The aim of this study was molecu­lar analysis of AQP1 gene from antimonial-resistant clinical isolates and its expression. Methods: Overall, 150 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis referring to the reference laboratories of Yazd and Varzaneh,, located 105km southeast of Isfahan and 240km away from Yazd, were assessed from Jun 2015 to Dec 2017. After sampling, staining was done and evaluated for Leishman by microscope. Samples were collected in RNAlater solution for gene expression analysis in non-healing isolates. DNA extraction was performed from each slide with Leishman body. All patients with L. major isolates detected by ITS1-PCR-RFLP were followed for find­ing the resistant isolates, consequence of molecular characterization of AQP1 using PCR-RFLP. Gene expression of AQP1 from all resistant isolates was assessed in comparison with the one in a sensitive isolate. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS. The significance level was considered ≤0.05. Results: Five isolates were detected as antimonial resistant. Molecular detection and identification were appeared that all were L. major. The molecular characterization of AQP1 showed G562A mutation. Gene expression of AQP1 in resistant isolates showed 1.67 fold higher than the sensitive isolate. Conclusion: We reported a new point mutation of G562A in AQP1 gene involved in molecular mechanism in re­sistant isolates.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Leishmania parasites isolated from sandflies species of a zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Musiyan south west Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 274-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Kavarizadeh ◽  
Shahram Khademvatan ◽  
Babak Vazirianzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Feizhaddad ◽  
Mehdi Zarean
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
South West ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Parasites

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Leishmania RNA virus 2 in Leishmania major from Uzbekistan

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliya Kleschenko ◽  
Danyil Grybchuk ◽  
Nadezhda S. Matveeva ◽  
Diego H. Macedo ◽  
Evgeny N. Ponirovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Viral Sequences

Here we report sequence and phylogenetic analysis of two new isolates of Leishmania RNA virus 2 (LRV2) found in Leishmania major isolated from human patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in south Uzbekistan. These new virus-infected flagellates were isolated in the same region of Uzbekistan and the viral sequences differed by only nineteen SNPs, all except one being silent mutations. Therefore, we concluded that they belong to a single LRV2 species. New viruses are closely related to the LRV2-Lmj-ASKH documented in Turkmenistan in 1995, which is congruent with their shared host (L. major) and common geographical origin.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Leishmania major in Hemiechinus auritus, A Potential Reservoir of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Damghan, Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrad Pourmohammadi ◽  
Sadegh Mohammadi-Azni
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
First Time ◽  
Leishmania Parasites

Background: Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major is endemic in 17 of 31 Iranian provinces. Various species of rodents have been introduced as the main reservoirs of the disease. This study was conducted to de­termine the natural infection of hedgehogs with Leishmania spp. in an endemic area of the disease, northern Iran. Methods: Fifteen long-eared hedgehogs were captured alive during 18 months study period, from Apr 2015 to Sep 2016, in Damghan City, Semnan Province, Iran. The animals were identified using apparent characteristics and to de­termine the Leishmania infection, impression smears were prepared from their ear lobes, hind feet, livers, and spleens. Micro­scopic examination and semi-nested PCR were applied to determine the infection and to identify the parasites species respectively. Results: All examined animals were identified as Hemiechinus auritus (Family: Erinaceidae). In microscopic examina­tion, 8 (53.3%) samples were shown to be infected with Leishmania parasites. The higher and lower rate of the infection was observed in the ears as well as the feet and in the liver specimens, 53.3%, and 33.3% respectively. Forty percent (6/ 15) of the samples were molecularly positive and all were identified as L. major parasites. All the examined animals in au­tumn and 50% of them in summer were shown to be infected with Leishmania parasites. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the natural infection of H. auritus with L. major for the first time in Damghan City and introduced these mammals as new potential reservoirs of ZCL in the study area.

scholarly journals A spatio-temporal agent-based approach for modeling the spread of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeast Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Tabasi ◽  
Ali Asghar Alesheikh ◽  
Aioub Sofizadeh ◽  
Bahram Saeidian ◽  
Biswajeet Pradhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Vector Population ◽  
Spatiotemporal Trends ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Reservoir Hosts

Abstract Background Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is a neglected tropical disease worldwide, especially the Middle East. Although previous works attempt to model the ZCL spread using various environmental factors, the interactions between vectors (Phlebotomus papatasi), reservoir hosts, humans, and the environment can affect its spread. Considering all of these aspects is not a trivial task. Methods An agent-based model (ABM) is a relatively new approach that provides a framework for analyzing the heterogeneity of the interactions, along with biological and environmental factors in such complex systems. The objective of this research is to design and develop an ABM that uses Geospatial Information System (GIS) capabilities, biological behaviors of vectors and reservoir hosts, and an improved Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) epidemic model to explore the spread of ZCL. Various scenarios were implemented to analyze the future ZCL spreads in different parts of Maraveh Tappeh County, in the northeast region of Golestan Province in northeastern Iran, with alternative socio-ecological conditions. Results The results confirmed that the spread of the disease arises principally in the desert, low altitude areas, and riverside population centers. The outcomes also showed that the restricting movement of humans reduces the severity of the transmission. Moreover, the spread of ZCL has a particular temporal pattern, since the most prevalent cases occurred in the fall. The evaluation test also showed the similarity between the results and the reported spatiotemporal trends. Conclusions This study demonstrates the capability and efficiency of ABM to model and predict the spread of ZCL. The results of the presented approach can be considered as a guide for public health management and controlling the vector population.

scholarly journals PCR-positivity of gerbils and their ectoparasites for Leishmania spp. in a hyperendemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in central Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Azarmi ◽  
Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani ◽  
Mehdi Mohebali ◽  
Yavar Rassi ◽  
Amir Ahmad Akhavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Central Iran ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Different Seasons

Abstract Background: Sand flies are the only known vectors of Leishmania parasites. Various arthropods, including ticks have been suggested as secondary vectors of Leishmania spp. many years ago. This study was conducted to determine PCR-positivity of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis reservoir hosts and their ectoparasites for Leishmania spp. in central Iran. Methods: Microscopic examination and nested polymerase chain reaction (Nested-PCR) were used to detect and identify species of Leishmania and the results were confirmed by two methods, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing. Results: Totally, 93 rodents (Rhomombis opimus (n=92) and Nesokia indica (n=1)) were captured during different seasons and 9 different species of ectoparasites were collected from them. Out of 92 collected R. opimus, 14 were positive for Leishmania spp. by microscopic examination while one N. indica and 77 R. opimus were positive by nested-PCR. The infection rate of rodents with Leishmania major and Leishmania turanica was 39.79% and 15.05%, respectively. Mixed natural infections with L. major and L. turanica were seen in 15.05% of rodents, in 7.53% of the rodents with L. major and Leishmania gerbilli, and in 6.45% of the rodents with the three species. The leishmanial infection rate of the rodents was the highest (94.29%) in summer and lowest (45.45%) in the winter. Moreover, 39 out of 54 fleas, 5 out of 8 mites, and 1 tick were PCR positive for Leishmania parasites. Conclusions: The highest rate of infection with L. major and L. turanica in R. opimus populations was observed in the summer and spring respectively, and the highest percentage of L. major and L. turanica coinfection was seen in the winter. It is suggested that the role of L. turanica and the probable role of ectoparasites in the transmission of epidemiology should be investigated carefully. Xenodiagnostic testing is recommended for future testing.

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