scholarly journals Buszel, Kombajner, and Rels: Fisiak’s 1961 Corpus of English Borrowings in Polish Fifty Five Years Later

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-94
Author(s):  
Radosław Dylewski

Abstract The onset of Professor Jacek Fisiak’s scholarly career is marked by his 1961 Ph.D. dissertation devoted to the lexical influence of English upon Polish. This study, conducted 55 years ago, offers a multilayered analysis and sets the standards of studies on lexical transfer from English to Polish for the years to come. The present article is a tribute to Fisiak’s first scholarly endeavor; it examines the fate of lexical items comprising Fisiak’s corpus in the second decade of the 21st century. More specifically, by conducting searches in the National Corpus of Polish as well as a Google search, the paper checks which borrowings to the Polish language listed and scrutinized by Fisiak gained popularity, which fell out of use, and which underwent semantic changes.

Author(s):  
Anna Piotrowicz ◽  
Małgorzata Witaszek-Samborska

Słowa, słowa... Czy je znasz? edited by Teresa Smółkowa (Kraków 2013), despite the fact that it has been recorded the male equivalents (eg. lack of forms jajcara, siecioholiczka, zasiłkowiczka, although there are jajcarz, siecioholik, zasiłkowicz). The authors proved the presence of such potential female names in the National Corpus of Polish and on the Internet using Google search. Of the 263 units unrecorded in the lexicon until 218 are present – with varying attendance – in the tested texts. This means that these female names are present in the social use. They do not limit themselves to the female equivalent of male names of professions. They also include semantic categories such as sports and hobbies, and names: representatives of certain attitudes and beliefs, women with specific characteristics of mental (including addicted women) and physical (including sick women), Internet users (including online offenders). These names are the result of suffixal derivation, mainly using the suffix -ka, eg. erasmuska < erasmus, netoholiczka < netoholik (but also such as: -ini/-yni, -ica/-yca, -anka and -ara), and the paradigmatic derivation, eg. dredziara < dredziarz, sprawna inaczej < sprawny inaczej. Functioning described in the article female names in the social circuit is proof that in the past ten years there has been a significant change in the Polish language in the pragmatic aspects of the nomination of women.


2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.O. Klar

The thesis of a single pillar or axis around which the longer Medinan suras are structured has been highly influential in the field of sura unity, and scholarship on the structure and coherence of Sūrat al-Baqara has tended to work towards charting the progress of a dominant theme throughout the textual blocks that make up the sura. In order to achieve this, scholars have divided the sura into discrete blocks; many have posited a chain of lexical and thematic links from one block to the next; some have concentrated solely on the hinges and borders between these suggested textual blocks. The present article argues that such methods, while often in themselves illuminating, are by their very nature reductive. As such they can result in the oversight of important elements of the sura. From a starting point of the Adam pericope provided in Q. 2:30–9, this study will focus on the recurrence of a number of its lexical items throughout Sūrat al-Baqara. By methodically tracing the passage of repeated, loosely Fall-related, vocabulary, it will attempt to widen the contextual lens through which the sura's textual blocks are viewed, and establish a broader perspective on its coherence. Via a discussion of the themes of ‘gardens’, ‘parable’, ‘prostration’, ‘covenant’, ‘wrongdoing’ and finally ‘blindness’, this article will posit ‘garments’, not as a structural pillar, but as a pivot around which many of the repeated lexical items of the sura rotate.


2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-340
Author(s):  
Anu Koskela

This paper explores the lexicographic representation of a type of polysemy that arises when the meaning of one lexical item can either include or contrast with the meaning of another, as in the case of dog/bitch, shoe/boot, finger/thumb and animal/bird. A survey of how such pairs are represented in monolingual English dictionaries showed that dictionaries mostly represent as explicitly polysemous those lexical items whose broader and narrower readings are more distinctive and clearly separable in definitional terms. They commonly only represented the broader readings for terms that are in fact frequently used in the narrower reading, as shown by data from the British National Corpus.  


2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Xiu Gao

In the Western world, Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice is controversial due to its stereotypical description of Jews as evil and greedy. In China, the work was not widely known until its translations came out. This article deals with two Chinese renderings of Shakespeare’s classic, by Laura White (1914–1915) and Shiqiu Liang (2001/1936) respectively, which reconstruct the image of Shylock and Jews on the basis of the translators’ perceptions of the original figure, combining their identities and social backgrounds. In imagology, based on the ideas of Pageaux (1989/1994), the image of the ‘other’ can be analysed on three levels: lexical items, larger textual units, and plot. On the face of it, the image of the ‘other’ in translation can originate in either the source or target culture. However, the present article, which focuses on the lexical level, shows that there is a third possibility – a lexicon that blends two or more cultures.


2003 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Eberhard Lammert

Resumo: O presente artigo contribui para uma reflexão sobre a influência da técnica sobre as artes na Era da Informatização. Desde o início da Era Industrial, nota-se a inversão gradativa de papéis entre máquina e homem: a "ascensão das máquinas" teria transformado o homem em "servo". Nem mesmo o campo das artes esteve livre dos efeitos de tal "ascensão", sobretudo no contato com os meios de comunicação de massa, como o rádio, o cinema e a televisão. Na verdade, tudo não passou de um prelúdio para o que ainda estava por vir: a informática atingiu as artes e nossa cultura fundada na tradição escrita, resultando em transformações muito mais amplas no âmbito da comunicação individual e social.Palavras-chave: arte; técnica; mediatização.Abstract: The present article brings up issues on the influence of technique on art in the Information Age. Since the beginning of the Industrial Age, there has been a progressive inversion of roles in the relation between man and machine : the "rise of machine" seems to have turned man into a "servant". Not even the field of art remained untouched by the effects of such "rise", specially in its contact with communication media like radio, cinema and television. In fact, all that was but a prelude to what was still to come: informatics reached into the arts and our writing­ based culture, causing widespread transformations in the realms of social and individual communication.Keywords: art; technique; mediatization.


2018 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 179-191
Author(s):  
Bartosz Juszczak

Warsaw urban dialect as the medium in the process of borrowing the words of Russian origin into Polish languageThis article shows Warsaw urban dialect as the medium in the process of borrowing the words of Russian origin into Polish language. The research materials collected by author were filtered through chosen parameters of various linguistic status. The final list of rossica 40 lexical items includes several thematic-semantic dominants and adverbs and adverbial expressions. They undergo systemic polonization and fulfill various pragmatic functions.Varšavská městská mluva jako médium v procesu přejímání slov ruského původu do polštinyČlánek se zabývá varšavskou městskou mluvou jako médiem v procesu přejímání slov ruského původu do polštiny. Shromážděný materiál byl profiltrován pomocí vybraných parametrů s různým lingvistickým statusem. Konečný seznam rusismů 40 lexikálních jednotek zahrnuje několik te­maticko-sémantických dominant, ataké příslovce aadverbiální fráze, které se systémově asimilují a také jsou nositeli různých pragmatických funkcí.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5(74)) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
M.V. Kozis

The paper focuses on language conceptualization of objects’ state of being within the framework of the frame approach studying cognitive frame of spatial position of entities. The author offers a linguistic overview of Russian metaphoric posture verbs stoyat', sidet', lezhat'. The analysis is based on a sample of over 1,500 Russian sentences from the Russian National Corpus, Google search results and utterances offered by native speakers of Russian.Distributive analysis allowed to define the co-occurrence of posture verbs with nouns denoting different objects and to hypothesize the verbs' meanings. Triangulation approach involving corpus experiment, semantics experiment and inquiries in searching systems revealed frequency and acceptability of the verbs stoyat', sidet', lezhat' in utterances representing various denotative situations, which allowed to verify the hypothesis on the verbs' meaning and describe their semantics. The study reveals variability in cognitive interpretation of physical objects’ sate of being and the key role of human prototype in conceptualization of spatial position of entities. The study shows that language representation of the frame “the object’s state of being in space” relies on its salient element –possible one-to-one correspondence between the object’s position and a human posture. The final stage of the research features semantic description of the verbs under study.


Literator ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mthikazi Rose Masubelele

The meaning of words comes into play when words as units of translation are to be translated from one language into another. Lexical items that are extant in one language but not in others pose enormous problems for translators. The translation of ideophones – which feature very prominently in African discourse – is a case in point in this article. Translators faced with the translation of such forms are required to come up with strategies to aptly express their meanings in the target text. This article seeks to establish how CSZ Ntuli, in his English translation of an isiZulu short story Uthingo Lwenkosazana by DBZ Ntuli, has translated some of the ideophones used by the original author. Translation strategies used by CSZ Ntuli in his translation to express the meanings of the isiZulu ideophones will be brought to light in this article. It will be confirmed that CSZ Ntuli, using different lexical forms in the target language, has effectively changed unfamiliar isiZulu cultural notions to concepts that the English target reader can relate to. It will also be shown that the meanings of the isiZulu ideophones can be expressed in the target language using approximation and amplification as translation strategies provided that the translator has a good command of both source and target languages. The discussion will also look at how various translation scholars view the notion of equivalence at word level, and research on ideophones in isiZulu will also be reviewed.


Diachronica ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil G. Jacobs

SUMMARY Yiddish possesses a sizable Tiberian Hebrew (TH) substrate component. The modern Yiddish reflexes of original TH words often show evidence of having undergone a number of diachronic phonological developments which seem to parallel similar processes in the German component found in Yiddish. Thus, the Yiddish reflexes cognate to Middle High German and to TH show lengthening of historically short vowels in stressed open syllable, and shortening of historically long vowels in stressed closed syllable. However, the processes of closed-syllable shortening (CSS) and open-syllable lengthening (OSL) which affected the TH component are chronologically distinct from the similar processes which affected the German component. It is argued in this paper that CSS and OSL occurred before the inception of Yiddish, in a pre-Yiddish Jewish vernacular. Specifically, the present paper links CSS and OSL as parts of a general process of standardization of stressed-syllable quantity in pre-Yiddish. More generally, the case is made that lexical items in the TH component in Yiddish are not to be derived directly from TH, but rather, from a diachronically and structurally autonomous intermediate — after spoken Hebrew times, but before Yiddish times — pre-Yiddish linguistic stage. RÉSUMÉ On retrouve dans le yiddish un important substrat hébreu-tibérien (HT). Dans le yiddish moderne, les réflexes de mots HT originaux font souvent preuve d'une série de développements phonologiques diachroniques qui semblent parallels à ceux qui ont marqué la composante allemande du yiddish. Or les réflexes du yiddish qui représentent des termes apparentés au haut moyen allemand et au HT démontrent un allongement des voyelles historiquement courtes dans les syllabes ouvertes accentuées et un raccourcissement des voyelles longues dans les syllabes fermées accentuées. Cependant, le processus de raccourcissement dans les syllabes fermées (RSF) et d'allongement dans les syllabes ouvertes (ASO) qui a affecté la composante HT se distingue de façon chronologique du processus semblable qui a affecté la composante allemande. Le présent article affirme que le RSF et l'ASO se sont produits avant l'avènement du yiddish, c'est-à-dire dans le contexte d'une langue verna-culaire juive prédatant le yiddish proprement dit. Pour être spécifique, cet article relie le RSF et l'ASO à un processus général de standardisation de quantité pour les syllabes accentués en pré-yiddish. Plus généralement, l'article prétend que les items lexicaux de la composante HT du yiddish ne peuvent être dérivés directement du HT, mais seraient plutôt issus d'une étape linguistique intermédiaire qui aurait existé après l'hébreu mais avant le yiddish et qui jouissait d'une autonomie aussi bien diachronique que structurelle. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Das Jiddische weist einen beachtlichen Anteil eines tiberianischen-hebräi-schen (TH) Substrats auf. Die im modernen Jiddischen enthaltenen Reflexe in den aus dem TH stammenden Wörtern zeigen eine Anzahl diachronischer pho-nologischer Entwicklungen, die entsprechenden Prozessen der im Jiddischen vorhandenen deutschen Komponente ähnlich sind. So hat das Jiddische fol-gende dem Mittelhochdeutschen beziehungsweise dem TH verwandte Reflexe: eine Verlängerung von historisch kurzem Vokal in betonter offener Silbe und eine Verkürzung von historisch langem Vokal in betonter geschlossener Silbe. Jedoch die Entwicklungen von geschlossen-silbiger Verkürzung und offen-silbiger Verlängerung, die die TH Komponenten beeinflußten, unterscheiden sich chronologisch von den Vorgängen, denen die deutsche Komponente aus-gesetzt war. In diesem Aufsatz wird die Auffassung vertreten, da6 beide Pro-zesse vor der Entstehung des Jiddischen in einer Prä-Jiddischen jüdischen Sprache aufgetreten seien. Sie werden hier als Teilvorgänge der Standardi-sierung der Silbenquantität in betonten Silben im Prä-Jiddischen behandelt. Noch allgemeiner wird hier argumentiert, da8 lexikalische Elemente in der TH Komponente im Jiddischen nicht direkt vom TH abgeleitet werden können, sondern von einer diachronisch und strukturell autonomen Zwischenform — nach der Zeit des gesprochenen Hebraisch, aber vor der Zeit des Jiddischen — in der Phase des Prä-Jiddischen.


2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liv Hausken

Abstract This essay investigates forensic fiction as a trend in televised crime fiction and argues that this trend or subgenre is particularly interesting if we are to understand how surveillance is portrayed in contemporary society. The essay looks particularly into an extremely popular example of forensic fiction, namely CSI and its two spin-offs CSI: NY and CSI: Miami. Through a discussion of the conceptions of knowledge, crime and power, which seem to come forth in the three CSI series, the present article argues that the particular blend of technological optimism, positivism and moralism that can be witnessed in forensic fiction in general, and in CSI in particular, is important to understanding how popular culture lends a certain normalization of surveillance to everyday life


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document