scholarly journals Methodologies Used for Scaling-up From a Single Energy Production Unit to State Energy Sector

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginta Cimdina ◽  
Lelde Timma ◽  
Ivars Veidenbergs ◽  
Dagnija Blumberga
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
State Energy ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Production Unit ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Level Of Aggregation

Abstract In a well-functioning and sustainable national energy sector, each of its elements should function with maximum efficiency. To ensure maximum efficiency and study possible improvement of the sector, a scaling-up framework is presented in this work. The scaling-up framework means that the starting point is a CHP unit and its operation, the next step of aggregation is in a district heating network, followed by a municipal energy plan and finally leading to a low carbon strategy. In this framework the authors argue, that the successful, innovative practices developed and tested at the lower level of aggregation can be then transferred to the upper levels of aggregation, thus leading to a scaling-up effect of innovative practices. The work summarizes 12 methodologies used in the energy sector, by dividing these methodologies among the levels of aggregation in a scaling-up framework.

scholarly journals Determinants of Decarbonisation in the Transformation of the Energy Sector: The Case of Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Wójcik-Jurkiewicz ◽  
Marzena Czarnecka ◽  
Grzegorz Kinelski ◽  
Beata Sadowska ◽  
Katarzyna Bilińska-Reformat
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Policy Challenge

This paper aims to identify the determinants of the decarbonisation processes in Poland within the scope of energy transformation. The purpose of the study is to identify how the public perceives decarbonisation determinants in order to develop a sustainable energy strategy for Poland. The transition of the energy market to low-carbon technology is a policy challenge. Governments must implement policies that are environmentally friendly, cost-effective, but, most of all, socially acceptable. Social acceptance risk plays a significant role in Poland, influencing the decarbonisation process. In Poland’s case, the coal share is decreasing, but it is still the most important fuel for electricity production. This process of decarbonisation is a fundamental influence on the transformation of the energy sector in Poland. The social perception of solutions that can be applied was examined. The Polish natural environment is poisoned. Poles suffer from diseases related to the burning of coal for energy production. Societal awareness, how people perceive the government’s actions, and what they expect in this regard is crucial.

Energy Law Principles and COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-247
Author(s):  
Vicente Lopez-Ibor Mayor ◽  
Raphael J. Heffron
Keyword(s):  
Energy Sector ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Core Energy ◽  
Low Carbon Energy ◽  
Energy Law

It is advanced here that a principle-based approach is needed to develop the energy sector during and after COVID-19. The economic recovery that is needed needs to revolve around ensuring that no one is left behind, and it should be an inclusive transition to a secure and stable low-carbon energy future. There are seven core energy law principles that if applied to the energy sector could enable this to be achieved.

scholarly journals Tackling the Risk of Stranded Electricity Assets with Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Nyangon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Nationally Determined Contributions ◽  
Implementation Level

The Paris Agreement on climate change requires nations to keep the global temperature within the 2°C carbon budget. Achieving this temperature target means stranding more than 80% of all proven fossil energy reserves as well as resulting in investments in such resources becoming stranded assets. At the implementation level, governments are experiencing technical, economic, and legal challenges in transitioning their economies to meet the 2°C temperature commitment through the nationally determined contributions (NDCs), let alone striving for the 1.5°C carbon budget, which translates into greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) gap. This chapter focuses on tackling the risks of stranded electricity assets using machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies. Stranded assets are not new in the energy sector; the physical impacts of climate change and the transition to a low-carbon economy have generally rendered redundant or obsolete electricity generation and storage assets. Low-carbon electricity systems, which come in variable and controllable forms, are essential to mitigating climate change. These systems present distinct opportunities for machine learning and artificial intelligence-powered techniques. This chapter considers the background to these issues. It discusses the asset stranding discourse and its implications to the energy sector and related infrastructure. The chapter concludes by outlining an interdisciplinary research agenda for mitigating the risks of stranded assets in electricity investments.

scholarly journals Abatement cost for selectivity negative emissions technology in power plant Indonesia with aim/end-use model

2021 ◽  
Vol 894 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
Z D Nurfajrin ◽  
B Satiyawira
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Abatement Cost ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Cost Curve ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
End Use

Abstract The Indonesian government has followed up the Paris Agreement with Law No. 16 of 2016 by setting an ambitious emission reduction target of 29% by 2030, and this figure could even increase to 41% if supported by international assistance. In line with this, mitigation efforts are carried out in the energy sector. Especially in the energy sector, it can have a significant impact when compared to other sectors due to an increase in energy demand, rapid economic growth, and an increase in living standards that will push the rate of emission growth in the energy sector up to 6. 7% per year. The bottom-up AIM/end-use energy model can select the technologies in the energy sector that are optimal in reducing emissions and costs as a long-term strategy in developing national low-carbon technology. This model can use the Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC) approach to evaluate the potential for GHG emission reductions by adding a certain amount of costs for each selected technology in the target year compared to the reference technology in the baseline scenario. In this study, three scenarios were used as mitigation actions, namely CM1, CM2, CM3. The Abatement Cost Curve tools with an assumed optimum tax value of 100 USD/ton CO2eq, in the highest GHG emission reduction potential, are in the CM3 scenario, which has the most significant reduction potential, and the mitigation costs are not much different from other scenarios. For example, PLTU – supercritical, which can reduce a significant GHG of 37.39 Mtoe CO2eq with an emission reduction cost of -23.66 $/Mtoe CO2eq.

scholarly journals Management of modernization of heat supply system of the region in the context of its sustainable development

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-36
Author(s):  
Tetiana Zheliuk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heat Supply System ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Supply System ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
The Sustainable Development

Introduction. One of the main directions of ensuring the sustainable development of the national economy and its regions is the reform of the energy sector, which can take place through the modernization or innovation of its components. An important component of these reforms is to provide the population with the environmentally friendly and socially safe thermal energy. At the present stage of management, the heat supply is the most costly branch of public utilities, which is supplemented by the problems of the inefficient fuel balance structure; worn-out infrastructure and low energy efficiency. This highlights the need to study the management of modernization of the heat supply system in the region in view of the declared vectors of the long-term development. Object of research is the process of managing the modernization of the heat supply system in the region. Subject of the research is a set of scientific approaches and practical mechanisms of modernization of the heat supply system of the region in the context of ensuring its sustainable development. Objective. The conceptual foundations of modernization of the heat supply system of the region in the context of its sustainable development through the introduction of the innovative technologies both in the management process and in the energy sector itself is substantiated in the paper. Methods. The following general scientific methods were used during the research process: system, structural analysis, grouping, when studying the structural elements and isolation of problems of development of the heat supply system of the region; historical analysis, when considering the scientific principles and institutional mechanism of modernization of the region’s heat supply system; comparative analysis in assessing the possibilities of the green transition of the heat supply system of the region and also when considering the features of the use of grant resources in the modernization of the heat supply system of the region; economic analysis in assessing the current state of the district heating system, etc. results. The essential determinants of the heat supply system of the region are analyzed, the objective need, organizational and economic mechanisms for managing the modernization of the heat supply, taking into account the need for the balanced development of the energy sector of the region are verified. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the substantiation of the conceptual approaches to the management of modernization of the heat supply system of the region by innovating the forms and methods of managerial influence on the heat supply system of the region. The conclusion is made about the following effective approaches in managing the modernization of the district heating system: planning of the sustainable development of the energy sector, development of programs for modernization of the district heating, implementation of the infrastructure and soft projects, implementation of the international projects, motivation of households and entrepreneurship in the heat sector, participation in the grant requests, in state crediting programs, realization of the business projects in the field of production of environmentally friendly fuel; conducting an information campaign among the population and other key market players to raise the awareness of the energy efficiency financing mechanisms. The practical significance of the obtained results is that the developed recommendations will be used to improve the organizational and economic mechanism of management of the district heating system modernization and ensure its sustainable development.

scholarly journals ENTANGLEMENT AND FRUSTRATION IN ORDERED SYSTEMS

2003 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 465-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL M. WOLF ◽  
FRANK VERSTRAETE ◽  
J. IGNACIO CIRAC
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
State Energy ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Bell Inequalities ◽  
Harmonic Oscillators ◽  
Neighbor Interaction ◽  
Gaussian States ◽  
Classical Systems ◽  
Entanglement Of Formation ◽  
Starting Point

This article reviews and extends recent results concerning entanglement and frustration in multipartite systems which have some symmetry with respect to the ordering of the particles. Starting point of the discussion are Bell inequalities: their relation to frustration in classical systems and their satisfaction for quantum states which have a symmetric extension. We then discussed how more general global symmetries of multipartite systems constrain the entanglement between two neighboring particles. We prove that maximal entanglement (measured in terms of the entanglement of formation) is always attained for the ground state of a certain nearest neighbor interaction Hamiltonian having the considered symmetry with the achievable amount of entanglement being a function of the ground state energy. Systems of Gaussian states, i.e. quantum harmonic oscillators, are investigated in more detail and the results are compared to what is known about ordered qubit systems.

Is It Possible to Obtain More Energy from Solar DH Field? Interpretation of Solar DH System Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1284-1292
Author(s):  
Roberts Kaķis ◽  
Ilze Poļikarpova ◽  
Ieva Pakere ◽  
Dagnija Blumberga
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Ambient Air Temperature

Abstract Europe has a course to zero emissions by 2050, with a strong emphasis on energy sector. Due to climatic conditions in Latvia, district heating (DH) plays an important role in the energy sector. One of the solutions to achieve the set goals in DH is to introduce emission-free technology. Therefore, the popularity of installation of large-scale solar collector plants continues to increase in DH in Europe. The first large-scale solar collector field in the Baltic States was installed in 2019. Solar collector active area is 21 672 m2 with heat storage water tank 8000 m3. The article shows the first operation results of this system and evaluates influencing factors. The results of the analysis show that system productivity is mainly demanded by solar radiation, and the strongest correlation between these parameters were established in May. The highest correlation between ambient air temperature and produced thermal energy is reached when ambient air temperature is between 7 °C to 15 °C and production process has not been externally regulated. The temperature difference between flow and return temperatures of the heat carrier affect solar collector performance minimally and strong correlation was not observed.

Thermodynamics of James Watt – Ignored or not Understood?

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Jovan Mitrovic
Keyword(s):  
Latent Heat ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Steam Pressure ◽  
Steam Engine ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Starting Point

In the analysis of the development of thermodynamics as a science, the theoretical work of Sadi Carnot, published in 1824, is generally considered to be the starting point. Carnot studied the cycle of an ideal heat engine and formulated the condition for its maximum efficiency. In this article we examine James Watt’s contributions to the formation of fundamental concepts of thermodynamics, made in the course of his work on improving the Newcomen engine and developing his own steam engine. It is shown that Watt was the first to characterize thermodynamic properties such as latent heat and vapor density. The authors prove Watt’s priority in the studies of the dependence of saturated steam pressure on temperature, in which a critical point was found when the latent heat disappears. These results of Watt anticipated by many decades the studies on the thermodynamic critical state by Th. Andrews and J. Thomson. The article also discusses Wattʼs research on thermodynamic cycles. It is shown that he was the first to study the Rankine cycle with superheated steam, known from the history of thermodynamics. Watt was also the first scientist to introduce the concept of a steam engine’ volumetric work as the product of pressure and volume, and developed a device, the steam pressure indicator, to measure its value. We show the results obtained by Watt with steam to be considerably ahead of Prescott Jouleʼs work on the cooling and condensation of gases during expansion. The article presents an interpretation of Watt’s 1769 patent that is very important as the primary source for a subsequent study and establishment of the principles of energy conversion. The factual material presented in this article suggests that Watt’s scientific research have not been properly understood or simply went unnoticed.

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