Recent Advances in Porous Silicon Based Optical Biosensors

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalin H. Maniya
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Optical Biosensors ◽  
Optical Biosensing ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Sensing Platforms ◽  
Target Analytes ◽  
Silicon Based

Abstract PSi structures have unique physical and optical properties, which are being exploited for a numerous biomedical applications including biosensing, bioimaging, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. Different PSi optical structures can be fabricated to improve the sensitivity of the optical measurements. A very high surface area per volume of PSi can be used for the higher loading of target analytes in a small sensor area, which helps in increasing sensitivity and allows the miniaturization of biosensor. The specificity of PSi biosensor to the target analyte can be inferred by immobilizing the corresponding bioreceptor such as DNA, enzyme, or antibody via different conjugation chemistries. Finally, PSi is biocompatible material that offers additional advantage in comparison to other sensing platforms for in vivo implantable biosensing applications. This paper reviews fabrication, surface modification, biofunctionalization, and optical biosensing applications of PSi structures with special emphasis on in vivo and PSi photonic particles biosensing.

scholarly journals Electrospun Nanofibers for Sensing and Biosensing Applications—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6357
Author(s):  
Kinga Halicka ◽  
Joanna Cabaj
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Electrospun Nanofiber ◽  
Sensing Platforms ◽  
Different Types

Sensors and biosensors have found applications in many areas, e.g., in medicine and clinical diagnostics, or in environmental monitoring. To expand this field, nanotechnology has been employed in the construction of sensing platforms. Because of their properties, such as high surface area to volume ratio, nanofibers (NFs) have been studied and used to develop sensors with higher loading capacity, better sensitivity, and faster response time. They also allow to miniaturize designed platforms. One of the most commonly used techniques of the fabrication of NFs is electrospinning. Electrospun NFs can be used in different types of sensors and biosensors. This review presents recent studies concerning electrospun nanofiber-based electrochemical and optical sensing platforms for the detection of various medically and environmentally relevant compounds, including glucose, drugs, microorganisms, and toxic metal ions.

scholarly journals Anticancer Compounds Derived from Marine Diatoms

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanaa Ali Hussein ◽  
Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Nano Medicine

Cancer is the main cause of death worldwide, so the discovery of new and effective therapeutic agents must be urgently addressed. Diatoms are rich in minerals and secondary metabolites such as saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, esters, acyl lipids, sterols, proteins, and flavonoids. These bioactive compounds have been reported as potent anti-cancer, anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial agents. Diatoms are unicellular photosynthetic organisms, which are important in the biogeochemical circulation of silica, nitrogen, and carbon, attributable to their short growth-cycle and high yield. The biosilica of diatoms is potentially effective as a carrier for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy due to its high surface area, nano-porosity, bio-compatibility, and bio-degradability. In vivo studies have shown no significant symptoms of tissue damage in animal models, suggesting the suitability of a diatoms-based system as a safe nanocarrier in nano-medicine applications. This review presents an overview of diatoms’ microalgae possessing anti-cancer activities and the potential role of the diatoms and biosilica in the delivery of anticancer drugs. Diatoms-based antibodies and vitamin B12 as drug carriers are also elaborated.

Recent Advances in the Development of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 2705-2741
Author(s):  
Maria Monteserín ◽  
Silvia Larumbe ◽  
Alejandro V. Martínez ◽  
Saioa Burgui ◽  
L. Francisco Martín
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Magnetic Drug Targeting ◽  
Surface Area Ratio ◽  
Biomedical Field

The unique properties of magnetic nanoparticles have led them to be considered materials with significant potential in the biomedical field. Nanometric size, high surface-area ratio, ability to function at molecular level, exceptional magnetic and physicochemical properties, and more importantly, the relatively easy tailoring of all these properties to the specific requirements of the different biomedical applications, are some of the key factors of their success. In this paper, we will provide an overview of the state of the art of different aspects of magnetic nanoparticles, specially focusing on their use in biomedicine. We will explore their magnetic properties, synthetic methods and surface modifications, as well as their most significative physicochemical properties and their impact on the in vivo behaviour of these particles. Furthermore, we will provide a background on different applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine, such as magnetic drug targeting, magnetic hyperthermia, imaging contrast agents or theranostics. Besides, current limitations and challenges of these materials, as well as their future prospects in the biomedical field will be discussed.

In vitro and preliminary in vivo toxicity screening of high-surface-area TiO2–chondroitin-4-sulfate nanocomposites for bone regeneration application

2015 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavitha Kandiah ◽  
Rajendran Venkatachalam ◽  
Chunyan Wang ◽  
Suresh Valiyaveettil ◽  
Kumaresan Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Toxicity Screening ◽  
In Vivo Toxicity

scholarly journals Basic Potential of Carbon Nanotubes in Tissue Engineering Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisao Haniu ◽  
Naoto Saito ◽  
Yoshikazu Matsuda ◽  
Tamotsu Tsukahara ◽  
Yuki Usui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Biological Responses

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are attracting interest in various fields of science because they possess a high surface area-to-volume ratio and excellent electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties. Various medical applications of CNTs are expected, and the properties of CNTs have been greatly improved for use in biomaterials. However, the safety of CNTs remains unclear, which impedes their medical application. Our group is evaluating the biological responses of multiwall CNTs (MWCNTs)in vivoandin vitrofor the promotion of tissue regeneration as safe scaffold materials. We recently showed that intracellular accumulation is important for the cytotoxicity of CNTs, and we reported the active physiological functions CNTs in cells. In this review, we describe the effects of CNTsin vivoandin vitroobserved by our group from the standpoint of tissue engineering, and we introduce the findings of other research groups.

Analytical Modeling of Carbon Nanoparticle-Based Symmetric p–n Junction

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1031-1035
Author(s):  
Mohammad Majidi ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Ahmadi ◽  
Meisam Rahmani
Keyword(s):  
Carrier Mobility ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Scalar Potential ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Nanoscale Devices ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticle ◽  
Bipolar Technology ◽  
High Carrier Mobility ◽  
High Carrier ◽  
Silicon Based

Outstanding physical and electrical properties such as quantum transport, high carrier mobility, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, high surface area, good optical transparency, strong mechanical strength and easy fabrication make carbon nanoparticles appropriate on nanoelectronic applications. Carbon nanoparticle based p–n junction, as a fundamental structure of nanoscale devices, is analytically presented in this study. The carbon nanoparticle p–n interface reveals an improved transport along the junction in comparison with the conventional p–n junction. Controlling the doping of p–n junction based device partially permit the foundation of carbon nanoparticle based bipolar technology and can overcome application of current in silicon based technology. This paper analytically demonstrates findings on electric field, space charge region width, scalar potential, built-in potential and transport along carbon nanoparticle based p–n junction. The uniqueness of this method is to create a well identified carbon nanoparticle based p–n junction which opens new opportunities for researching high field transport limit in nanoscale devices.

scholarly journals Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Theranostic Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 1750011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shounak Roy ◽  
Amit Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Nucleic Acid Delivery ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Theranostic Applications

Graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials such as graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have gained a lot of attention from diverse scientific fields for applications in sensing, catalysis, nanoelectronics, material engineering, energy storage and biomedicine due to its unique structural, optical, electrical and mechanical properties. Graphene-based nanomaterials emerge as a novel class of nanomedicine for cancer therapy for several reasons. Firstly, its structural properties like high surface area and aromaticity enables easy loading of hydrophobic drugs. Secondly, presence of oxygen containing functional groups improve its physiological stability and also act as site for biofunctionalization. Thirdly, its optical absorption in the NIR region enable them to act as photoagents for photothermal and photodynamic therapies of cancer, both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, its intrinsic fluorescence property helps in bioimaging of cancer cells. Overall, graphene-based nanomaterials can act as agents for developing multifunctional theranostic platforms for carrying out more efficient detection and treatment of cancers. This review provides a detailed summary of the different applications of graphene-based nanomaterials in drug delivery, nucleic acid delivery, phototherapy, bioimaging and theranostics.

Biodegradable Black Phosphorus-based Nanomaterials in Biomedicine: Theranostic Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1788-1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Zhiming Liu ◽  
Chengkang Su ◽  
Biwen Yang ◽  
Xixi Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Black Phosphorus ◽  
Optical Absorbance ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Theranostic Applications

Ascribe to the unique two-dimensional planar nanostructure with exceptional physical and chemical properties, black phosphorous (BP) as the emerging inorganic twodimensional nanomaterial with high biocompatibility and degradability has been becoming one of the most promising materials of great potentials in biomedicine. The exfoliated BP sheets possess ultra-high surface area available for valid bio-conjugation and molecular loading for chemotherapy. Utilizing the intrinsic near-infrared optical absorbance, BPbased photothermal therapy in vivo, photodynamic therapy and biomedical imaging has been realized, achieving unprecedented anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy in animal experiments. Additionally, the BP nanosheets can strongly react with oxygen and water, and finally degrade to non-toxic phosphate and phosphonate in the aqueous solution. This manuscript aimed to summarize the preliminary progresses on theranostic application of BP and its derivatives black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs), and discussed the prospects and the state-of-art unsolved critical issues of using BP-based material for theranostic applications.

scholarly journals Silver Nanoparticles Agglomerate Intracellularly Depending on the Stabilizing Agent: Implications for Nanomedicine Efficacy

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1953
Author(s):  
Marina R. Mulenos ◽  
Henry Lujan ◽  
Lauren R. Pitts ◽  
Christie M. Sayes
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Lung Surfactant ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Visible Absorption

Engineered nanoparticles are utilized as drug delivery carriers in modern medicine due to their high surface area and tailorable surface functionality. After in vivo administration, nanoparticles distribute and interact with biomolecules, such as polar proteins in serum, lipid membranes in cells, and high ionic conditions during digestion. Electrostatic forces and steric hindrances in a nanoparticle population are disturbed and particles agglomerate in biological fluids. Little is known about the stability of nanoparticles in relation to particle surface charge. Here, we compared three different surface-stabilized silver nanoparticles (50 nm) for intracellular agglomeration in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). Nanoparticles stabilized with branched polyethyleneimine conferred a positive surface charge, particles stabilized with lipoic acid conferred a negative surface charge, and particles stabilized with polyethylene glycol conferred a neutral surface charge. Particles were incubated in fetal bovine serum, simulated lung surfactant fluid, and simulated stomach digestion fluid. Each nanoparticle system was characterized via microscopic (transmission electron, fluorescence, and enhanced darkfield) and spectroscopic (hyperspectral, dynamic light scattering, and ultraviolet-visible absorption) techniques. Results showed that nanoparticle transformation included cellular internalization, agglomeration, and degradation and that these changes were dependent upon surface charge and incubation matrix. Hyperspectral analyses showed that positively charged silver nanoparticles red-shifted in spectral analysis after transformations, whereas negatively charged silver nanoparticles blue-shifted. Neutrally charged silver nanoparticles did not demonstrate significant spectral shifts. Spectral shifting indicates de-stabilization in particle suspension, which directly affects agglomeration intracellularly. These characteristics are translatable to critical quality attributes and can be exploited when developing nano-carriers for nanomedicine.

scholarly journals Nanoporous Calcium Silicate and PLGA Biocomposite for Bone Repair

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jiacan Su ◽  
Zhiwei Wang ◽  
Yonggang Yan ◽  
Yongfa Wu ◽  
Liehu Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Oxide ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Bromide

Nanoporous calcium silicate (n-CS) with high surface area was synthesized using the mixed surfactants of EO20PO70EO20(polyethylene oxide)20(polypropylene oxide)70(polyethylene oxide)20, P123) and hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as templates, and its composite with poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) were fabricated. The results showed that the n-CS/PLGA composite (n-CPC) with 20 wt% n-CS could induce a dense and continuous layer of apatite on its surface after soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1 week, suggesting the excellent in vitro bioactivity. The n-CPC could promote cell attachment on its surfaces. In addition, the proliferation ratio of MG63cells on n-CPC was significantly higher than PLGA; the results demonstrated that n-CPC had excellent cytocompatibility. We prepared n-CPC scaffolds that contained open and interconnected macropores ranging in size from 200 to 500 μm. The n-CPC scaffolds were implanted in femur bone defect of rabbits, and thein vivobiocompatibility and osteogenicity of the scaffolds were investigated. The results indicated that n-CPC scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility, degradability, and osteogenesis in vivo. Collectively, these results suggested that the incorporation of n-CS in PLGA produced biocomposites with improved bioactivity and biocompatibility.

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