scholarly journals Anticancer Compounds Derived from Marine Diatoms

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanaa Ali Hussein ◽  
Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Nano Medicine

Cancer is the main cause of death worldwide, so the discovery of new and effective therapeutic agents must be urgently addressed. Diatoms are rich in minerals and secondary metabolites such as saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, esters, acyl lipids, sterols, proteins, and flavonoids. These bioactive compounds have been reported as potent anti-cancer, anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial agents. Diatoms are unicellular photosynthetic organisms, which are important in the biogeochemical circulation of silica, nitrogen, and carbon, attributable to their short growth-cycle and high yield. The biosilica of diatoms is potentially effective as a carrier for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy due to its high surface area, nano-porosity, bio-compatibility, and bio-degradability. In vivo studies have shown no significant symptoms of tissue damage in animal models, suggesting the suitability of a diatoms-based system as a safe nanocarrier in nano-medicine applications. This review presents an overview of diatoms’ microalgae possessing anti-cancer activities and the potential role of the diatoms and biosilica in the delivery of anticancer drugs. Diatoms-based antibodies and vitamin B12 as drug carriers are also elaborated.

scholarly journals The Occurrence and Biological Activity of Tormentic Acid—A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3797
Author(s):  
Marta Olech ◽  
Wojciech Ziemichód ◽  
Natalia Nowacka-Jechalke
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Tormentic Acid

This review focuses on the natural sources and pharmacological activity of tormentic acid (TA; 2α,3β,19α-trihydroxyurs-2-en-28-oic acid). The current knowledge of its occurrence in various plant species and families is summarized. Biological activity (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-osteoarthritic, antinociceptive, antioxidative, anti-melanogenic, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and antiparasitic) confirmed in in vitro and in vivo studies is compiled and described. Biochemical mechanisms affected by TA are indicated. Moreover, issues related to the biotechnological methods of production, effective eluents, and TA derivatives are presented.

Viscum album (L) extracts in cancer treatment: a systematic review of in vitro and in vivo studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-52
Author(s):  
Aloisio Cunha de Carvalho ◽  
Leoni Villano Bonamin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Anti Cancer

Background: Several reviews about phytotherapy and homeopathy have been published in the last years, including Viscum album (VA.L). VA is a parasite plant whose extract has anti-cancer proprieties and is used alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy. Methods: We performed a systematic review about the in vivo and in vitro models described in the literature, including veterinary clinical trials. The literature was consulted from Pubmed database. Results: There are several kinds of pharmaceutical preparations about VA and their active principles used in experimental studies, lectin being frequently studied (alone or as an extract compound). More than 50% of available literature about VA is related to the lectin effects. On the other hand, the effects of viscotoxins are less studied. Among the in vivo experimental studies about VA and its compounds, the B16 murine melanoma is the most used model, followed by Ehrlich, Walker and Dalton tumors. The results point to the apoptotic effects, metastasis control and tumor regression. Some veterinary clinical studies about the use of VA in the treatment of sarcoid, fibrosarcoma and neuroblastoma are quoted in literature too, with interesting results. Considering the in vitro models, our review revealed that NALM6 leukemia cells, B16 melanoma and NC1-H460 lung carcinoma were the most studied tumor models, apoptosis signals being the most important findings. Only one study verified immunoglobulin and interleukin production. All consulted papers were related to phytotherapy preparations only. Conclusions: Although the literature about the anti-cancer activity of VA extract and its lectins is enough, there is a marked lack of information about viscotoxin activities and about the effects of homeopathic preparations of this plant on animal tumors and on in vitro cultivated tumor cells.

Recent Advances in the Development of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 2705-2741
Author(s):  
Maria Monteserín ◽  
Silvia Larumbe ◽  
Alejandro V. Martínez ◽  
Saioa Burgui ◽  
L. Francisco Martín
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Magnetic Drug Targeting ◽  
Surface Area Ratio ◽  
Biomedical Field

The unique properties of magnetic nanoparticles have led them to be considered materials with significant potential in the biomedical field. Nanometric size, high surface-area ratio, ability to function at molecular level, exceptional magnetic and physicochemical properties, and more importantly, the relatively easy tailoring of all these properties to the specific requirements of the different biomedical applications, are some of the key factors of their success. In this paper, we will provide an overview of the state of the art of different aspects of magnetic nanoparticles, specially focusing on their use in biomedicine. We will explore their magnetic properties, synthetic methods and surface modifications, as well as their most significative physicochemical properties and their impact on the in vivo behaviour of these particles. Furthermore, we will provide a background on different applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine, such as magnetic drug targeting, magnetic hyperthermia, imaging contrast agents or theranostics. Besides, current limitations and challenges of these materials, as well as their future prospects in the biomedical field will be discussed.

Anti-cancer properties of olive oil secoiridoid phenols: a systematic review of in vivo studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4145-4159 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fabiani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Secoiridoid Derivatives ◽  
Phenolic Alcohols

Olive oil phenolic alcohols and their secoiridoid derivatives may prevent cancer.

In vitro and preliminary in vivo toxicity screening of high-surface-area TiO2–chondroitin-4-sulfate nanocomposites for bone regeneration application

2015 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavitha Kandiah ◽  
Rajendran Venkatachalam ◽  
Chunyan Wang ◽  
Suresh Valiyaveettil ◽  
Kumaresan Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Toxicity Screening ◽  
In Vivo Toxicity

scholarly journals Basic Potential of Carbon Nanotubes in Tissue Engineering Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisao Haniu ◽  
Naoto Saito ◽  
Yoshikazu Matsuda ◽  
Tamotsu Tsukahara ◽  
Yuki Usui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Biological Responses

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are attracting interest in various fields of science because they possess a high surface area-to-volume ratio and excellent electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties. Various medical applications of CNTs are expected, and the properties of CNTs have been greatly improved for use in biomaterials. However, the safety of CNTs remains unclear, which impedes their medical application. Our group is evaluating the biological responses of multiwall CNTs (MWCNTs)in vivoandin vitrofor the promotion of tissue regeneration as safe scaffold materials. We recently showed that intracellular accumulation is important for the cytotoxicity of CNTs, and we reported the active physiological functions CNTs in cells. In this review, we describe the effects of CNTsin vivoandin vitroobserved by our group from the standpoint of tissue engineering, and we introduce the findings of other research groups.

scholarly journals PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY OF HOLMSKIOLDIA SANGUINEA RETZ.: A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Rajeev Sati ◽  
Monika Bisht
Keyword(s):  
Asia Pacific ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Central Nervous System Depressant ◽  
Botanical Description ◽  
Plant Constituents ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Holmskioldia sanguinea Retz. is a Sub-Himalayan plant that has been cultivated in the Americas, Europe, Indo-china, Asia-Pacific, and Southern Africa. It has been used traditionally to treat rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis, dysentery, headaches, hypertension, boils, blain, ulcers, and gynaecological problems, as well as a blood purifying concoction. The botanical description of the plant, its phytochemical constituents, and its pharmacological activities are discussed, with an emphasis on antibacterial, antihepatotoxic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, analgesic, central nervous system depressant, diuretic, oestrogenic, anti-implantation, and anticancer properties. Most pharmacological effects are a result of plant constituents such as alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides and phenols, to name a few. Conventional wisdom should be confirmed through in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials. Herb's anti-tumor and anti-cancer properties have generated significant interest.

scholarly journals Silica Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application: Challenges and Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Mun ◽  
B.A. Zhaisanbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Gene Delivery Vectors

Over the past few decades, nanoparticles have been attracting significant attention of researches in chemical, biomedical, pharmaceutical sciences, due to their unique physicochemical properties. This includes ultra small size, large surface area, good biocompatibility and high reactivity. In particular, nanoparticles are promising for pharmaceutical and biomedical fields, as they can be applied as drug carriers and diagnostic tools. Among nanomaterials for biomedical application, silica nanoparticles exhibit great potential due to their straightforward synthesis and separation, low cost, safety, biocompatibility and possibility to further functionalization. Silica nanoparticles have been attractive for pharmaceutical science due to their unique properties, such as tunable size, high surface area and large pore volume, and potential in biomedical application as drug and gene delivery vectors and bioimaging agents. However, some of their properties remain poorly investigated. This short communication discusses the main routes for synthesis of silica nanoparticles, their properties and opportunities for their application in pharmaceutical and biomedical industries, as well as a few challenges in the development of silica-based systems that need to be overcome.

scholarly journals Low-Molecular-Weight Fucoidan as Complementary Therapy of Fluoropyrimidine-Based Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Wen Huang ◽  
Yen-Cheng Chen ◽  
Tzu-Chieh Yin ◽  
Po-Jung Chen ◽  
Tsung-Kun Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Tumor Cell Migration ◽  
Anti Cancer

This study investigated the roles of low-molecular-weight fucoidan (LMWF) in enhancing the anti-cancer effects of fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. HCT116 and Caco-2 cells were treated with LMWF and 5-FU. Cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, and migration were analyzed in both cell types. Potential mechanisms underlying how LMWF enhances the anti-cancer effects of fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy were also explored. The cell viability of HCT116 and Caco-2 cells was significantly reduced after treatment with a LMWF-5-FU combination. In HCT116 cells, LMWF enhanced the suppressive effects of 5-FU on cell viability through the 1) induction of cell cycle arrest in the S phase and 2) late apoptosis mediated by the Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. In Caco-2 cells, LMWF enhanced the suppressive effects of 5-FU on cell viability through both c-mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET)/ Kirsten Rat Sarcoma virus (KRAS)/ extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-MET/ phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinases (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways. Moreover, LMWF enhanced the suppressive effects of 5-FU on tumor cell migration through the c-MET/ matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 signaling pathway in both HCT116 and Caco-2 cells. Our results demonstrated that LMWF is a potential complementary therapy for enhancing the efficacies of fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancers (CRCs) with the wild-type or mutated KRAS gene through different mechanisms. However, in vivo studies and in clinical trials are required to validate the results of the present study.

scholarly journals Nanoformulation of a Novel Pyrano[2,3-c] Pyrazole Heterocyclic Compound AMDPC Exhibits Anti-Cancer Activity via Blocking the Cell Cycle through a P53-Independent Pathway

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuanrong Sun ◽  
Longchao Zhang ◽  
Mengshi Gao ◽  
Xiangjie Que ◽  
Chenfeng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Polymeric Micelle ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
G2 Phase ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity

Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives have been reported as exerting various biological activities. One compound with potential anti-tumor activity was screened out by MTT assay from series of dihydropyrazopyrazole derivatives we had synthesized before using a one-pot, four-component reaction, and was named as 6-amino-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile (hereinafter abbreviated as AMDPC). The IC50 of AMDPC against Bcap-37 breast cancer cells was 46.52 μg/mL. Then the hydrophobic AMDPC was encapsulated in PEG-PLGA block copolymers, and then self-assembled as polymeric micelle (mPEG-PLGA/AMDPC) to improve both physiochemical and release profiles. The effect of mPEG-PLGA/AMDPC on BCAP-37 cancer cells showed similar anti-tumor effects as AMDPC. Furthermore, the anti-tumor mechanism of mPEG-PLGA/AMDPC was investigated, which can probably be attributed to stimulating the expression of P21 gene and therefore protein production on BCAP-37 cells, and then blocked the cell cycle through the P53-independent pathway both in S phase and G2 phase. Thus, mPEG-PLGA/AMDPC is a promising therapeutic agent for cancer treatment, and further in vivo studies will be developed.

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