scholarly journals Antibacterial Efficiency of Hydroxyapatite Biomaterials with Biodegradable Polylactic Acid and Polycaprolactone Polymers Saturated with Antibiotics / Bionoārdāmu Polimēru Saturošu Un Ar Antibiotiskajām Vielām Piesūcinātu Biomateriālu Antibakteriālās Efektivitātes Noteikšana

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-226
Author(s):  
Juta Kroiča ◽  
Ingus Skadiņš ◽  
Ilze Salma ◽  
Aigars Reinis ◽  
Marina Sokolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Antibacterial Efficiency ◽  
Bacteria Adhesion ◽  
Antibiotic Release ◽  
Biofilm Development

Abstract Infections continue to spread in all fields of medicine, and especially in the field of implant biomaterial surgery, and not only during the surgery, but also after surgery. Reducing the adhesion of bacteria could decrease the possibility of biomaterial-associated infections. Bacterial adhesion could be reduced by local antibiotic release from the biomaterial. In this in vitro study, hydroxyapatite biomaterials with antibiotics and biodegradable polymers were tested for their ability to reduce bacteria adhesion and biofilm development. This study examined the antibacterial efficiency of hydroxyapatite biomaterials with antibiotics and biodegradable polymers against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study found that hydroxyapatite biomaterials with antibiotics and biodegradable polymers show longer antibacterial properties than hydroxyapatite biomaterials with antibiotics against both bacterial cultures. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrated that biomaterials that are coated with biodegradable polymers release antibiotics from biomaterial samples for a longer period of time and may be useful for reducing bacterial adhesion on orthopedic implants.

scholarly journals In Vitro Anti-Biofilm and Antibacterial Properties of Streptococcus downii sp. nov.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Maigualida Cuenca ◽  
María Carmen Sánchez ◽  
Pedro Diz ◽  
Lucía Martínez-Lamas ◽  
Maximiliano Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Biofilm Development

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities of Streptococcus downii sp. nov. To test anti-biofilm properties, Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were grown in a biofilm model in the presence or not of S. downii sp. nov. for up to 120 h. For the potential antibacterial activity, 24 h-biofilms were exposed to S. downii sp. nov for 24 and 48 h. Biofilms structures and bacterial viability were studied by microscopy, and the effect in bacterial load by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A generalized linear model was constructed, and results were considered as statistically significant at p < 0.05. The presence of S. downii sp. nov. during biofilm development did not affect the structure of the community, but an anti-biofilm effect against S. mutans was observed (p < 0.001, after 96 and 120 h). For antibacterial activity, after 24 h of exposure to S. downii sp. nov., counts of S. mutans (p = 0.019) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (p = 0.020) were significantly reduced in well-structured biofilms. Although moderate, anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities of S. downii sp. nov. against oral bacteria, including some periodontal pathogens, were demonstrated in an in vitro biofilm model.

scholarly journals Long-term antibacterial properties of a nanostructured titanium alloy surface: An in vitro study

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 100176
Author(s):  
Richard Bright ◽  
Daniel Fernandes ◽  
Jonathan Wood ◽  
Dennis Palms ◽  
Anouck Burzava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Alloy Surface ◽  
Nanostructured Titanium

scholarly journals Synergism of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Reinforces Biofilm Maturation and Acidogenicity in Saliva: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Eun Kim ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Atul Dhall ◽  
Marwa Bawazir ◽  
Hyun Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Acidic Environment ◽  
Symbiotic Interaction ◽  
Biofilm Development

Early childhood caries, a virulent-form of dental caries, is painful, difficult, and costly to treat that has been associated with high levels of Streptococcus mutans (Sm) and Candida albicans (Ca) in plaque-biofilms on teeth. These microorganisms appear to develop a symbiotic cross-kingdom interaction that amplifies the virulence of plaque-biofilms. Although biofilm studies reveal synergistic bacterial-fungal association, how these organisms modulate cross-kingdom biofilm formation and enhance its virulence in the presence of saliva remain largely unknown. Here, we compared the properties of Sm and Sm-Ca biofilms cultured in saliva by examining the biofilm structural organization and capability to sustain an acidic pH environment conducive to enamel demineralization. Intriguingly, Sm-Ca biofilm is rapidly matured and maintained acidic pH-values (~4.3), while Sm biofilm development was retarded and failed to create an acidic environment when cultured in saliva. In turn, the human enamel slab surface was severely demineralized by Sm-Ca biofilms, while there was minimal damage to the enamel surface by Sm biofilm. Interestingly, Sm-Ca biofilms exhibited an acidic environment regardless of their hyphal formation ability. Our data reveal the critical role of symbiotic interaction between S. mutans and C. albicans in human saliva in the context of pathogenesis of dental caries, which may explain how the cross-kingdom interaction contributes to enhanced virulence of plaque-biofilm in the oral cavity.

scholarly journals Influence of the Microstructure and Silver Content on Degradation, Cytocompatibility, and Antibacterial Properties of Magnesium-Silver Alloys In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhidan Liu ◽  
Ronald Schade ◽  
Bérengère Luthringer ◽  
Norbert Hort ◽  
Holger Rothe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Silver Content ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Primary Osteoblasts ◽  
Human Primary Osteoblasts ◽  
Silver Metal

Implantation is a frequent procedure in orthopedic surgery, particularly in the aging population. However, it possesses the risk of infection and biofilm formation at the surgical site. This can cause unnecessary suffering to patients and burden on the healthcare system. Pure Mg, as a promising metal for biodegradable orthopedic implants, exhibits some antibacterial effects due to the alkaline pH produced during degradation. However, this antibacterial effect may not be sufficient in a dynamic environment, for example, the human body. The aim of this study was to increase the antibacterial properties under harsh and dynamic conditions by alloying silver metal with pure Mg as much as possible. Meanwhile, the Mg-Ag alloys should not show obvious cytotoxicity to human primary osteoblasts. Therefore, we studied the influence of the microstructure and the silver content on the degradation behavior, cytocompatibility, and antibacterial properties of Mg-Ag alloys in vitro. The results indicated that a higher silver content can increase the degradation rate of Mg-Ag alloys. However, the degradation rate could be reduced by eliminating the precipitates in the Mg-Ag alloys via T4 treatment. By controlling the microstructure and increasing the silver content, Mg-Ag alloys obtained good antibacterial properties in harsh and dynamic conditions but had almost equivalent cytocompatibility to human primary osteoblasts as pure Mg.

scholarly journals Multifunctional Properties of Quercitrin-Coated Porous Ti-6Al-4V Implants for Orthopaedic Applications Assessed In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Antonia Llopis-Grimalt ◽  
Aina Arbós ◽  
Maria Gil-Mir ◽  
Aleksandra Mosur ◽  
Prathamesh Kulkarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Alp Activity ◽  
Porous Ti ◽  
Osteocalcin Production

(1) One strategy to improve the outcome of orthopedic implants is to use porous implants with the addition of a coating with an antibacterial biomolecule. In this study, we aimed to produce and test the biocompatibility, the osteopromotive (both under normal conditions and under a bacterial challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) and antibacterial activities of a porous Ti-6Al-4V implant coated with the flavonoid quercitrin in vitro. (2) Porous Ti-6Al-4V implants were produced by 3D printing and further functionalized with quercitrin by wet chemistry. Implants were characterized in terms of porosity and mechanical testing, and the coating with quercitrin by fluorescence staining. Implant biocompatibility and bioactivity was tested using MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts by analyzing cytotoxicity, cell adhesion, osteocalcin production, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity under control and under bacterial challenging conditions using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Finally, the antibacterial properties of the implants were studied using Staphylococcus epidermidis by measuring bacterial viability and adhesion. (3) Porous implants showed pore size of about 500 µm and a porosity of 52%. The coating was homogeneous over all the 3D surface and did not alter the mechanical properties of the Young modulus. Quercitrin-coated implants showed higher biocompatibility, cell adhesion, and osteocalcin production compared with control implants. Moreover, higher ALP activity was observed for the quercitrin group under both normal and bacterial challenging conditions. Finally, S. epidermidis live/dead ratio and adhesion after 4 h of incubation was lower on quercitrin implants compared with the control. (4) Quercitrin-functionalized porous Ti-6Al-4V implants present a great potential as an orthopedic porous implant that decreases bacterial adhesion and viability while promoting bone cell growth and differentiation.

scholarly journals Effects of CO2laser irradiation on matrix-rich biofilm development formation–an in vitro study

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Raquel Zancopé ◽  
Vanessa B. Dainezi ◽  
Marinês Nobre-dos-Santos ◽  
Sillas Duarte ◽  
Vanessa Pardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biofilm Development

BackgroundA carbon dioxide (CO2) laser has been used to morphologically and chemically modify the dental enamel surface as well as to make it more resistant to demineralization. Despite a variety of experiments demonstrating the inhibitory effect of a CO2laser in reduce enamel demineralization, little is known about the effect of surface irradiated on bacterial growth. Thus, this in vitro study was preformed to evaluate the biofilm formation on enamel previously irradiated with a CO2laser (λ = 10.6 µM).MethodsFor this in vitro study, 96 specimens of bovine enamel were employed, which were divided into two groups (n = 48): 1) Control-non-irradiated surface and 2) Irradiated enamel surface. Biofilms were grown on the enamel specimens by one, three and five days under intermittent cariogenic condition in the irradiated and non-irradiated surface. In each assessment time, the biofilm were evaluated by dry weigh, counting the number of viable colonies and, in fifth day, were evaluated by polysaccharides analysis, quantitative real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) as well as by contact angle. In addition, the morphology of biofilms was characterized by fluorescence microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Initially, the assumptions of equal variances and normal distribution of errors were conferred and the results are analyzed statistically by t-test and Mann Whitney test.ResultsThe mean of log CFU/mL obtained for the one-day biofilm evaluation showed that there is statistical difference between the experimental groups. When biofilms were exposed to the CO2laser, CFU/mL and CFU/dry weight in three day was reduced significantly compared with control group. The difference in the genes expression (Glucosyltransferases (gtfB) and Glucan-binding protein (gbpB)) and polysaccharides was not statically significant. Contact angle was increased relative to control when the surface was irradiated with the CO2laser. Similar morphology was also visible with both treatments; however, the irradiated group revealed evidence of melting and fusion in the specimens.ConclusionIn conclusion, CO2laser irradiation modifies the energy surface and disrupts the initial biofilm formation.

scholarly journals Early Biofilm Formation on UV Light Activated Nanoporous TiO2SurfacesIn Vivo

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagat Areid ◽  
Eva Söderling ◽  
Johanna Tanner ◽  
Ilkka Kangasniemi ◽  
Timo O. Närhi
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Human Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Biofilm Development

Purpose. To explore earlyS. mutansbiofilm formation on hydrothermally induced nanoporous TiO2surfacesin vivoand to examine the effect of UV light activation on the biofilm development.Materials and Methods. Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy discs (n = 40) were divided into four groups with different surface treatments: noncoated titanium alloy (NC); UV treated noncoated titanium alloy (UVNC); hydrothermally induced TiO2coating (HT); and UV treated titanium alloy with hydrothermally induced TiO2coating (UVHT).In vivoplaque formation was studied in 10 healthy, nonsmoking adult volunteers. Titanium discs were randomly distributed among the maxillary first and second molars. UV treatment was administered for 60 min immediately before attaching the discs in subjects’ molars. Plaque samples were collected 24h after the attachment of the specimens. Mutans streptococci (MS), non-mutans streptococci, and total facultative bacteria were cultured, and colonies were counted.Results. The plaque samples of NC (NC + UVNC) surfaces showed over 2 times more oftenS. mutanswhen compared to TiO2surfaces (HT + UVHT), with the number of colonized surfaces equal to 7 and 3, respectively.Conclusion. Thisin vivostudy suggested that HT TiO2surfaces, which we earlier showed to improve blood coagulation and encourage human gingival fibroblast attachmentin vitro, do not enhance salivary microbial (mostly mutans streptococci) adhesion and initial biofilm formation when compared with noncoated titanium alloy. UV light treatment provided Ti-6Al-4V surfaces with antibacterial properties and showed a trend towards less biofilm formation when compared with non-UV treated titanium surfaces.

Effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation on deciduous enamel roughness and bacterial adhesion: An in vitro study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Teutle‐Coyotecatl ◽  
Rosalía Contreras‐Bulnes ◽  
Rogelio José Scougall‐Vilchis ◽  
Argelia Almaguer‐Flores ◽  
Laura Emma Rodríguez‐Vilchis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Er:Yag Laser ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Enamel Roughness

Electrically-Controlled Penicillin/Streptomycin Release from Nanostructured Polypyrrole Coated on Titanium for Orthopedic Implants

2009 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirinrath Sirivisoot ◽  
Rajesh A. Pareta ◽  
Thomas J. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Osteoblast Adhesion ◽  
Antibiotic Release ◽  
Orthopedic Applications ◽  
Scale Roughness

Implant infection leading to revision surgery can be avoided by incorporating controllable antibiotic release from titanium (Ti) implant surfaces. In this study, penicillin/streptomycin (P/S) and dexamethasone (Dex) were successfully immobilized via electropolymerization within polypyrrole membranes coated on the surface of Ti, which is widely used in orthopedic applications. In vitro results showed that greater numbers of osteoblasts adhered on these polymer-coated substrates than on currently-used unmodified Ti. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to monitor and compare the reaction effectiveness and the yield of electropolymerization. Polypyrrole membranes conjugated with P/S and Dex, and then coated with PLGA, all possessed nanometer scale roughness, as analyzed by atomic force microscopy. In summary, this study demonstrated that drugs incorporated within electroactive polypyrrole membranes, whose release was controlled by applying voltages, supported osteoblast adhesion and could potentially fight bacterial infection.

Bacterial adhesion on direct and indirect dental restorative composite resins: An in vitro study on a natural biofilm

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Derchi ◽  
Michele Vano ◽  
Antonio Barone ◽  
Ugo Covani ◽  
Alberto Diaspro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Dental Restorative
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