Processing and characterization of titanium dioxide composites from vegetable oil resource

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Aboobucker Sithique
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis

Abstract TiO2 filled bio-based composites were prepared from epoxidized soy bean oil and Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A, in which the nano TiO2 particles were dispersed using ultra sonication method. Composites prepared with 1, 3, 5 and 7 weight percent level (wt%) of TiO2 particles were characterized for their thermal properties such as glass transition temperature and degradation stability. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that thermal stability of the composites increases up to 5 wt% addition of TiO2; thereafter it follows a decreasing trend, since the increased amount of nano sized particles makes it difficult for dispersion. The glass transition temperature of the composites was improved considerably. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) further confirms the restricted chain mobility of the composites upon reinforcement. The significant improvements in mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength were achieved on reinforcement. The wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) studies show that the nanoparticles are exfoliated in the soy based epoxy matrix system. The morphological behavior of composites studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the compatibility between the matrix and nanoparticles. The results showed that adding nano sized TiO2 particles can improve the properties of thermal, mechanical, compatibility and water resistance of these renewable resource based epoxy matrices suitable for engineering applications.

scholarly journals SiO2 particles effect on the mechanical properties of the starch/PVA blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (36) ◽  
pp. 153-171
Author(s):  
Nahida J. H.
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Ultimate Strength ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Polymer System ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Ratio Increase

The present work studies the mechanical properties of SiO2 μPs, and NPs in St/PVA blends. The samples were prepared by casting method as PVA, St/PVA blends at different concentrations (30, 40, 50, and 60 %). DSC and TGA tests were carried out to the samples evolved. The result showed a single glass transition temperature (Tg) for all St /PVA blends that was attributed to the good miscibility of the blends involved. It was found that (Tg) decrease with starch ratio increase. It was seen that (PVA) of (Tg=105 oC); The glass transition temperature which was decrease with starch ratio that was attributed to glass transition relaxation process due to micro-Brownian motion of the main chain back bond. The endothermic peak at 200 oC was attributed to melting point of (PVA). Thermal properties of PVA; and St /PVA blends at different concentration (30, 40, 50, and 60 %) were evaluated by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The analyses were carried out from 20 to 600 oC at 10 oC)/min heating rate in air oxygen atmosphere. The weight loss stages depended on polymer system. The starch addition causing shifting in the second degradation temperature to the higher temperature; which result in overlapping between the two main degradation steps, these result was attributed to the St/ PVA blend compatibility. The mechanical properties results showed a decrease in ultimate strength with starch ratio increase. The ultimate strength of (PVA) was (47 MPa), whereas the ultimate strength of 60 %St/PVA was (11 MPa) and for 30 %St/PVA was the highest ultimate strength of blends involved (26 MPa). SiO2μPs (753.7 nm), and NPs (263.1 nm) were added at different concentrations (1.5, 2, and 2.5 %). 1.5% SiO2μPs, and NPs of the best ultimate strength (69 MPa), (86 MPa) respectively then it was decreased by SiO2μPs, and NPs increase. Optical microscope of the samples involved was investigated. It was concluded the prepared samples were suggested to be used as packaging materials for agriculture application and its ultimate strength could be controlled by SiO2μPs, and NPs addition.

scholarly journals Preparation and Properties of Polyester-Based Nanocomposite Gel Coat System

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jawahar ◽  
M. Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Water Barrier

Nanocomposite gel coat system is prepared using unsaturated polyester resin with aerosil powder,CaCO3, and organoclay. The influence of organoclay addition on mechanical and water barrier properties of gel coat system is studied for different amount (1, 2, and 3 wt%) of organoclay. The nanolevel incorporation of organoclay improves the mechanical and water barrier properties of nanocomposite gel coat system. The nanocomposite gel coat system exhibits 55%improvement in tensile modulus and 25%improvement in flexural modulus. There is a 30%improvement in impact property of nanocomposite gel coat system. The dynamic mechanical analysis shows a slight increase in glass transition temperature for nanocomposite gel coat system.

scholarly journals Experimental and Statistical Analysis of Saw Mill Wood Waste Composite Properties for Practical Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4038
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Khan ◽  
Muhammad Abas ◽  
Sahar Noor ◽  
Bashir Salah ◽  
Waqas Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Mechanical Tensile

The utilization of composite materials is increasing at a growing rate in almost all types of products, due to their strength-to-stiffness ratio. From this perspective, natural waste composites, i.e., wood waste composites, have also been investigated for their effective and sustainable employment. This paper deals with the application of hard and soft wood waste (i.e., acacia and cedar wood) with epoxy resin polymer to develop high strength and thermally stable wood composites. Mechanical (tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness) and thermal properties of samples are studied using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), respectively. The properties are evaluated by varying the type of wood waste and its percentage by weight. Based on the Taguchi Orthogonal Array Mixture Design, eighteen experiments are investigated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results show that wood waste type and wood waste content have a significant effect on all mechanical properties. From the TGA analysis, it is predicted that both types of wood waste composites exhibit similar thermal-induced degradation profiles in terms of the initial and final degradation temperatures. From the DSC results, higher glass transition temperature Tg is detected in 10% of the hardwood waste composite, and a reducing tendency of glass transition temperature Tg is observed with exceeding wood waste content. Moreover, hardwood waste at 10% demonstrated improved decomposition temperature Td, due to strong adhesion between waste and matrix.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Epoxy Poly Glycidyl Nitrate as an Energetic Binder

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-468
Author(s):  
Masoud Mohamadi Vala ◽  
Yadollah Bayat ◽  
Mohammad Bayat
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Initial Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Model Free

An energetic binder epoxy poly glycidyl nitrate (e-PGN) with a molecular weight of about 1244 gr/mol was synthesised via end modified poly glycidyl nitrate (PGN) is presented in the paper. This structure was characterised by the number of epoxy groups, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The thermal degradation behavior of e-PGN was studied by thermo gravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under nitrogen atmosphere at different heating rates. The glass transition temperature (Tg) was measured to determine the compatibility of energetic plasticizer with the binder in the mixture of plasticizer/binder and compared with the results of e-PGN, and initial decomposition temperature in e-PGN was studied using the DSC method. The DSC results showed that the glass transition temperature of a mixture of 20 % Bu-NENA/e-PGN mixture (Tg = −56 °C) was lower than e-PGN (Tg = −37.78 °C) that shows the most compatible plasticizer is Bu-NENA. The activation energy of degradation e-PGN and e-PGN-20% Bu-NENA were calculated with DSC by the model-free methods and compared with the results of AKTS software in version 3.51(2013-07-10). The activation energy of exothermic decomposition of the e-PGN and e-PGN-20% Bu-NENA were calculated by the Kissinger, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, Starink, and AAdvanced kinetics and technology solutions (Friedman) methods. Finally, the half-life prediction of the e-PGN and e-PGN-20% Bu-NENA were investigated.

Influence of Carbon Nanotube Aspect Ratio on Glass Transition Temperature of Polymers: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 817 ◽  
pp. 797-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai Jiang ◽  
Jian Wei Zhang ◽  
Shao Feng Lin ◽  
Su Ju ◽  
Da Zhi Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Dynamics Simulation

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on three single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) reinforced epoxy resin composites were conducted to study the influence of SWCNT type on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the composites. The composite matrix is cross-linked epoxy resin based on the epoxy monomers bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) cured by diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). MD simulations of NPT (constant number of particles, constant pressure and constant temperature) dynamics were carried out to obtain density as a function of temperature for each composite system. The Tg was determined as the temperature corresponding to the discontinuity of plot slopes of the densityvsthe temperature. In order to understand the motion of polymer chain segments above and below the Tg, various energy components and the MSD at various temperatures of the composites were investigated and their roles played in the glass transition process were analyzed. The results show that the Tg of the composites increases with increasing aspect ratio of the embedded SWCNT

scholarly journals Catalytic Activity of Oxidized Carbon Waste Ashes for the Crosslinking of Epoxy Resins

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrica Stasi ◽  
Antonella Giuri ◽  
Maurizio La Villetta ◽  
Domenico Cirillo ◽  
Gaetano Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Crosslinking Reaction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Cure Reaction ◽  
Carbon Based

In this study, two different fillers were prepared from carbon-based ashes, produced from the wooden biomass of a pyro-gasification plant, and starting from lignocellulosic waste. The first type was obtained by dry ball-milling (DBA), while the second one was prepared by oxidation in H2O2 of the dry ball-milled ashes (oDBA). The characterization of the fillers included wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), thermogravimetric, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The DBA and oDBA fillers were then tested as possible catalysts for the crosslinking reaction of a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with a diamine. The cure reaction was studied by means of rheometry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The oDBA filler exhibits both a higher catalytic activity on the epoxide–amine reaction than the DBA sample and improved mechanical properties and glass transition temperature. The results obtained indicate, hence, the potential improvement brought by the addition of carbon-based waste ashes, which allow both increasing the flexural properties and the glass transition temperature of the epoxy resin and reducing the curing time, acting as a catalyst for the crosslinking reaction of the epoxy resin.

scholarly journals Development and Assessment of Polyester Reinforced with Sansevieria Cylindrica/Zawa Flour Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 144-154
Author(s):  
Ravindra Gandhi Manne ◽  
M. Ashok Kumar ◽  
V. Nikill Murthy ◽  
N. Karthikeyan ◽  
M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Clear Indication ◽  
Dsc Analysis ◽  
Polyester Matrix ◽  
Tga Analysis

This paper zero in on preparation of hybrid composites in which Polyester matrix filled with Sanseveria cylindrica fiber(SCF) and Zawa flour. SCF fiber was taken 10% volume constantly in all the samples. Camera ready samples were prepared using hand layup technique in which filler constituent proportions were taken by using rule of hybrid mixture (RoHM). The mail aim of the composites is to increase the tensile flexural, and impact strengths, TGA, DSC results by incorporating the filler. It was observed that, tensile strength was linearly increased up to 4wt.% zawa after that sudden falling was observed. On other hand, tensile modulus was increased linearly up to 5wt.% was the clear indication of addition of zawa imparts more stiffness to the composites. Flexural strength was increased up 3wt.% zawa flour after than it starts depreciating suddenly. Flexural modulus was increased linearly up to 3wt.% zawa four composites after that decreases. Impact strength was optimised at 4wt.% zawa flour after that it starts going down. In DSC analysis, for 3wt.% zawa flour composite registered good performance than the 2wt.%,whereas in TGA analysis 3wt.% composite was having good performance than 2wt.% zawa flour composites. Reasons attributed for increased glass transition temperature was due to the less moisture content or due to the deprived of void due to the good bonding strength

scholarly journals Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Vinyl Ester Hybrid Composites with Carbon Black and Glass Reinforcement

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Geetanjali S. Guggari ◽  
S. Shivakumar ◽  
G. A. Manjunath ◽  
R. Nikhil ◽  
Alagar Karthick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Degradation Temperature

The objective of the work is to investigate both thermal and mechanical properties of vinyl ester/glass composites incorporated with different percentages of carbon black reinforcements through experimental approaches. Analysis of glass transition temperature, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), degradation temperature, hardness, flexural strength, etc. is performed using differential scanning calorimeter, X-ray diffraction, tensile machine, and flexural machine, respectively. The scanning electron microscope was used for surface fracture studies. The degradation temperature reduces initially with the percentage of carbon black and then increases. Glass transition temperature increases with the percentage of carbon black while above 500°C temperature, the weight percentage of composite drops. The results also reveal that 4% of carbon with vinyl ester improved the tensile strength by 30%, hardness by 35%, flexural strength by 45%, flexural modulus by 66%, and interlaminate shear strength by 44% when compared with the other percentage of carbon black.

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