scholarly journals Excitation probability and effective temperature in the stationary regime of conductivity for Coulomb Glasses

Open Physics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 449-452
Author(s):  
Manuel Caravaca Garratón ◽  
Manuel Fernández-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Calculation ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Effective Temperature ◽  
Spin Glasses ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Strong Electric Field ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Stationary Regime ◽  
Occupation Probability ◽  
Excitation Probability

AbstractIn this paper, we shall illustrate the numerical calculation of the effective temperature in Coulomb glasses by excitation probability provided that the system has been placed in a stationary state after applying a strong electric field. The excitation probability becomes a better alternative than the occupation probability, which has been classically employed to calculate the effective temperature and characterize the thermodynamics of Coulomb glasses out of equilibrium. This is due to the fact that the excitation probability shows better statistics than the occupation probability. In addition, our simulations show that the excitation probability does not depend on the choice of the chemical potential, which critically affects the occupation probability. Our results allow us to propose the excitation probability as a standard procedure to determine the effective temperature in Coulomb glasses as well as in other complex systems such as spin glasses.

Method for the numerical calculation of the mechanism of the origin the NBE (CID) due to the volume phase wave of synchronous ignition of streamer flashes by EAS-RREA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Vlasov ◽  
Mikhail Fridman ◽  
Alexander Kostinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Calculation ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Strong Electric Field ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Runaway Electrons ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Volume Phase ◽  
Phase Wave ◽  
Lightning Initiation

<p>In an article by Kostinskiy et al. (2019) proposed the mechanism of the origin and development of lightning from initiating event to initial breakdown pulses (termed the Mechanism). The Mechanism assumes initiation occurs in a region of a thundercloud of 1 km<sup>3</sup> with electric field E > 0.3-0.4 MV/(m∙atm), which contains, because of turbulence, numerous small “E<sub>th</sub>-volumes” of 0.001 m<sup>3</sup> with E ≥ 3 MV/(m∙atm). The Mechanism allows for lightning initiation by two observed types of initiating events: a high power VHF event called an NBE (narrow bipolar event or CID), or a weak VHF event. According to the Mechanism, both types of initiating events are caused by a group of relativistic runaway electron avalanche particles passing through many of the E<sub>th</sub>-volumes, thereby causing the nearly simultaneous launching of many positive streamer flashes.</p><p>This report describes the method for the numerical calculation of the volume phase wave of ignition of streamer flashes in the turbulent region of a thundercloud, which is initiated by secondary particles of a extensive air shower (EAS).  The lateral distribution of energetic electrons and positrons, which are created by cosmic particles with an energy ε> 10<sup>15</sup> eV, is described by the equation Nishimura-Kamata-Greizen (Kamata & Nishimura, 1958). When an EAS enters an electric field with an intensity of E> 400 kV /(m∙atm), which supports the movement of streamers, the electron runaway mechanism  is sure to start working (runaway threshold E> 280 kV/ (m∙atm), Dwyer, 2010). Each secondary electron and positron EAS initiates an avalanche of runaway electrons. The radial distribution of each avalanche was calculated in the diffusion approximation using the Dwyer-Babich approximation formulas (Dwyer, 2010; Babich & Bochkov, 2011). The model considered the effect of electrons of each such avalanche on the entire volume of a strong electric field.</p><p>The calculation showed that the EAS-RREA mechanism of almost simultaneous volumetric initiation of multiple streamer flashes can provide such NBE (CID) parameters as current and charge transfer at observation heights of 5–20 km above sea level.</p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>Babich, L.P., Bochkov, E.I. (2011). Deterministic methods for numerical simulation of high-energy runaway electron avalanches. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, 112(3), 494–503, doi: 10.1134/S1063776111020014.</p><p>Dwyer, J. R. (2010), Diffusion of relativistic runaway electrons and implications for lightning initiation, J. Geophys. Res., 115, A00E14, doi:10.1029/2009JA014504.</p><p>Kamata, K., & Nishimura, J. (1958). The lateral and the angular structure functions of electron showers. Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement, 6, 93. https://doi.org/10.1143/PTPS.6.93</p><p>Kostinskiy, A. Yu., Marshall, T.C., Stolzenburg, M. (2019), The Mechanism of the Origin and Development of Lightning from Initiating Event to Initial Breakdown Pulses, arXiv:1906.01033</p><p>Raizer Yu. (1991), Gas Discharge Physics, Springer-Verlag, 449 p.</p>

Effective temperature of hopping electrons in a strong electric field

1992 ◽  
Vol 46 (20) ◽  
pp. 13100-13103 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Marianer ◽  
B. I. Shklovskii
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Effective Temperature ◽  
Strong Electric Field

scholarly journals Axion assisted Schwinger effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Domcke ◽  
Yohei Ema ◽  
Kyohei Mukaida
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Strong Electric Field ◽  
Background Field ◽  
Chiral Anomaly ◽  
Fermion Mass ◽  
Anomaly Equation ◽  
Electric And Magnetic Fields ◽  
Schwinger Effect ◽  
Momentum Transverse

Abstract We point out an enhancement of the pair production rate of charged fermions in a strong electric field in the presence of time dependent classical axion-like background field, which we call axion assisted Schwinger effect. While the standard Schwinger production rate is proportional to $$ \exp \left(-\pi \left({m}^2+{p}_T^2\right)/E\right) $$ exp − π m 2 + p T 2 / E , with m and pT denoting the fermion mass and its momentum transverse to the electric field E, the axion assisted Schwinger effect can be enhanced at large momenta to exp(−πm2/E). The origin of this enhancement is a coupling between the fermion spin and its momentum, induced by the axion velocity. As a non-trivial validation of our result, we show its invariance under field redefinitions associated with a chiral rotation and successfully reproduce the chiral anomaly equation in the presence of helical electric and magnetic fields. We comment on implications of this result for axion cosmology, focussing on axion inflation and axion dark matter detection.

Observation of the Avalanche of Runaway Electrons in Air in a Strong Electric Field

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Gurevich ◽  
G. A. Mesyats ◽  
K. P. Zybin ◽  
M. I. Yalandin ◽  
A. G. Reutova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Strong Electric Field ◽  
Runaway Electrons

Electric-Field Induced Formation of Superconducting Granular Balls

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (17n18) ◽  
pp. 2529-2535
Author(s):  
R. Tao ◽  
X. Xu ◽  
Y. C. Lan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Strong Electric Field ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Cooper Pairs ◽  
Surface Charges

When a strong electric field is applied to a suspension of micron-sized high T c superconducting particles in liquid nitrogen, the particles quickly aggregate together to form millimeter-size balls. The balls are sturdy, surviving constant heavy collisions with the electrodes, while they hold over 106 particles each. The phenomenon is a result of interaction between Cooper pairs and the strong electric field. The strong electric field induces surface charges on the particle surface. When the applied electric field is strong enough, Cooper pairs near the surface are depleted, leading to a positive surface energy. The minimization of this surface energy leads to the aggregation of particles to form balls.

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